Life cycle assessment as a prospective tool for sustainable agriculture and food planning at a local level

Owing to the far-reaching environmental consequences of agriculture and food systems,such as their contribution to climate change,there is an urgent need to reduce their impact.International and national governments set sustainability targets and implement corresponding measures.Nevertheless,critics of the globalized system claim that a territorial administrative scale is better suited to address sustainability issues.Yet,at the subnational level,local authorities rarely apply a systemic environmental assessment to enhance their action plans.This paper employs a territorial life cycle assessment methodology to improve local environmental agri-food planning.The objective is to identify significant direct and indirect environmental hotspots,their origins,and formulate effective mitigation strategies.The methodology is applied to the administrative department of Finistere,a strategic agricultural region in North-Western France.Multiple environmental criteria including climate change,fossil resource scarcity,toxicity,and land use are modeled.The findings reveal that the primary environmental hotspots of the studied local food system arise from indirect sources,such as livestock feed or diesel consumption.Livestock reduction and organic farming conversion emerge as the most environmentally efficient strategies,resulting in a 25%decrease in the climate change indicator.However,the overall modeled impact reduction is insufficient following national objectives and remains limited for the land use indicator.These results highlight the innovative application of life cycle assessment led at a local level,offering insights for the further advancement of systematic and prospective local agri-food assessment.Additionally,they provide guidance for local authorities to enhance the sustainability of planning strategies.

Analytical Framework Model for Capacity Needs Assessment and Strategic Capacity Development within the Local Government Structure in Tanzania

This is a methodological paper prepared by senior academicians, researchers and consultants from renowned universities in Tanzania. The paper provides insights as to how best development agents can approach the challenge of capacity needs assessment and development of capacity building programs in the context of the local government structure in Tanzania. The paper is of original nature and is based on author’s accumulated knowledge and practice in conducting capacity assessments and developing capacity building programs in Tanzania. The paper describes what can be considered to be best practices in conducting participatory capacity assessment through consultative processes which involves most of the key actors who would be engaged in implementing proposed interventions. The paper puts forward an analytical model for capacity assessment and program development in the Tanzanian context. The main features of the model can be summarized as participatory capacity assessment, strategic capacity building program development and complementarity through synergy building with like-minded stakeholders. The operational modality for utilizing the model in developing capacity building programs which among other components has monitoring and evaluation aspects is included. It is recommended that practitioners and development agents should test the model in their working environments to realize its potential benefits including program ownership by stakeholders.

Research on the local government investment and fi nancing system innovation and risk assessment under the new-type urbanization background

At present, with the new urbanization as the background of the situation in our country, local governments in China especiallyin the central region as the representative of Henan Province, is to take this opportunity to create their own economic heights and industrialagglomeration, and constantly improve the level of urbanization of the original, but the town level cannot improve open the power of capital, thelocal government of is facing fi nancing, fi nancing platform, fi nancing channels and fi nancing policy and a series of fi nancing systems caused byfi nancing diffi culties. Therefore, as the perspective of the local government, a new study of investment and fi nancing system and the risk measure,can more effectively guide and encourage the existing capital city infrastructure and public services to improve the fi eld.

Assessment Study on Construction Quality Project of China Local Undergraduate Specialty

This paper focuses on the assessment of college Specialty Construction Project quality. On the basis of conducting researches and analysises of Specialty Construction Practice, the anther selected projects indicators of construction content with high frequency as evaluation index constituent connotation, referring to professional evaluation index system of provincial brand, and defended the issue that there will be no characteristic projects of specialty evaluate; formed the basic architecture of local colleges specialty evaluation index system, clearing grading assessment model, making debate analysis on its value orientation; and confirmed that the Ministry of Education is the main project, the university is the main building, and the provincial education administrative departments or the third party certification is the assessment mainbody, in this way to constitute the innovation management mode of Specialty Construction.

No-reference image quality assessment based on AdaBoost_BP neural network in wavelet domain

Considering the relatively poor robustness of quality scores for different types of distortion and the lack of mechanism for determining distortion types, a no-reference image quality assessment(NR-IQA) method based on the Ada Boost BP neural network in the wavelet domain(WABNN) is proposed. A 36-dimensional image feature vector is constructed by extracting natural scene statistics(NSS) features and local information entropy features of the distorted image wavelet sub-band coefficients in three scales. The ABNN classifier is obtained by learning the relationship between image features and distortion types. The ABNN scorer is obtained by learning the relationship between image features and image quality scores. A series of contrast experiments are carried out in the laboratory of image and video engineering(LIVE) database and TID2013 database. Experimental results show the high accuracy of the distinguishing distortion type, the high consistency with subjective scores and the high robustness of the method for distorted images. Experiment results also show the independence of the database and the relatively high operation efficiency of this method.

Assessment of Contingent Liabilities for Risk Assets Evolutions Built on Brownian Motion

This paper is a generalization of the results of the previous papers. Using these results a class of evolutions of risk assets based on the geometric Brownian motion is constructed. Among these evolutions of risk assets, the important class of the random processes is the random processes with parameters built on the basis of the discrete geometric Brownian motion. For this class of random processes the interval of non-arbitrage prices are found for the wide class of contingent liabilities. In particular, for the payoff functions of standard options call and put of the European type the fair prices of super-hedge are obtained. Analogous results are obtained for the put and call of arithmetical options of Asian type. For the parameters entering in the definition of random process the description of all statistical estimates is presented. Statistical estimate for which the fair price of super-hedge for the payoff functions of standard call and put options of European type is minimal is indicated. From the formulas found it follows that the fair price of super-hedge can be less than the price of the underlying asset. In terms of estimates the simple formula for the fair price of super-hedge is found. Every estimates can be realized in the reality. This depends on the distribution function of the observed dates in the financial market.

Building an EAP Assessment Framework for Chinese EFL Learners of Finance and Economics Majors at University Level

In the context of offering localized and specified English for Academic Purposes(EAP)courses for university level Chinese EFL learners,this article explores the issues of EAP assessment for finance and economics majors.Firstly,the study attempts to define the construct of EAP assessment for Chinese EFL learners of finance and economics majors at university level based on prior research literature on EAP assessment models and multiple stakeholders’needs on EAP skills in universities of finance and economics.Assessment standards of academic English for finance and economics purposes,then,are discussed by adopting IELTS Academic testing framework in line with localized course syllabus.Finally,an EAP assessment framework for Chinese EFL learners of finance and economics majors is proposed in an attempt to develop localized and university-specific assessment framework to generate effective feedback to EAP courses and bring about positive wash-back for EAP learners of finance and economics majors in university level.

Implementing the Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement: A Case Study of the Vhembe West District, South Africa

This qualitative study was undertaken to investigate how district officials implemented Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement in the Vhembe West District in South Africa.Interview data were collected and used for themes identification.The study identified the following challenges that the district officials experienced as they performed their duties:insufficient resources,lack of finances to buy learning and teaching support materials,infrastructure failures,the district’s inadequate support to schools,shortage of district officials in certain disciplines,unclear roles,lack of collaboration,unavailability of followup visits,the shortage of computers for the district officials and teacher support materials,bribery and corruption of selling principalship posts,slow filling of district officials posts,and inappropriate skills for school management and leadership.The study concluded that qualified district officials should be appointed,ongoing support from the Department of Basic Education and provision of resources in ensuring smooth curriculum implementation is needed,and bribery and corruption should be stopped when school principal appointments are made.This study also concludes that the district officials should be continuously capacitated so that they should be able to meet curriculum challenges,and the Department of Basic Education should speed up the curriculum delivery by ensuring that the vacancies are filled up.

就地城市化居民心血管病危险因素及风险9年变化

目的研究北京朝阳区小红门地区35~64岁就地城市化居民心血管病危险因素及患病风险的变化,为卫生行政部门完善疾病防控策略提供科学依据。方法研究对象来自“心血管疾病监测、预防预警和诊治技术应用研究”北京项目点人群。2010年7月用整群抽样的方法从北京市朝阳区小红门地区抽取1000名35~64岁就地城市化居民,收集其人口学、疾病和行为危险因素、体检及血生化结果,基线样本942人,2019年进行随访调查,有效样本667人。使用广义估计方程分析就地城市化9年后心血管疾病危险因素相关指标的变化,根据中国血脂管理指南(2023年)动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病(atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease,ASCVD)风险评估法进行总体风险评估。结果调整人口学、生活方式和家族史后,9年间667名就地城市化居民舒张压升高2.217 mmHg,总胆固醇升高0.121 mmol/L,体质指数升高0.907 kg/m2,有效锻炼率(PRR=1.484)和高血压患病率(PRR=1.255)上升;222人(33.28%)ASCVD的10年风险增加,127人(19.04%)风险降低。结论小红门地区35~64岁就地城市化居民健康行为有所提升,但血压、血脂、超重肥胖指标仍上升明显,高血压患病率及心血管病风险的增加不容忽视。

汉代循吏治政生态考察——以《汉书·循吏传》为中心

汉代循吏多出自宣帝朝,循吏建树地方善政,与其所处“自然—社会—政治”三位一体的治政生态息息相关。汉宣帝时期天灾较少,偃武修文的政策促使环境优化,为地方善政奠定基础。循吏富民治平,化民以礼,移风易俗,使民众回归理性,营造良好的社会生态以为善政核心。汉宣帝选贤任能,给予地方官久任制、自治权,并严格监察,奖励务实,惩罚伪诈,成为实现地方善政的关键与保障。历史经验可以为当代如何营造良好政治生态提供借鉴,保护环境,构建和谐社会秩序,正确选人用人,理顺央地关系,循吏善政启示良多。

治广以狭与人地相宜:晚清南疆二道政区变迁及基层职官的选任

清代收复新疆后,南疆地区的喀什噶尔道和阿克苏道于光绪八年建置,是新疆建省的重要准备,也是清朝国家政治制度在边疆地区不断深化的具体表现。其后以“量地置邑”及“治广以狭”为基本理念进行的政区增置和调整,则是政区设置对边防危机与治理困境的反应,突出表现了政区设置对巩固边防、完善基层治理的作用,并奠定了现今南疆地区行政区划的基本格局。在政区设置的同时进行政区分等,与之相对应的还有一套较为成熟的职官选任体系。为最大限度地使地方社会治理“人地相宜”,作为新设政区,南疆二道虽有明确的缺分等第,却并未照章办理。政区分等与职官选拔基本背离,成为光绪三十四年五月全国州县“停部选”的先声。

基于营造尺复原的土家族土司建筑断代与营造系统类型探索

土家族土司建筑采取既非官式、也非民居的地方做法,对于历史文献不足、建筑型制系统暂未明晰的地方建筑来说,断代面临难题。通过营造尺复原,建立营造尺序列,据此推断相关建筑年代,探讨土家族土司建筑年代一种判定方法的应用。针对本地区不同营造尺并行现象,提出在官式与民居建筑之外存在另一类地方高级建筑,或可称之为“地方官式建筑”,分属不同营造系统。这一探索有助于深化地域建筑断代研究、厘清我国传统建筑营造体系类型。

营造尺系——度制变迁之于乡土建筑的历时性线索探讨

文章首先阐述了营造尺作为传统营造工具的科研意义,指出其尺值变化带来的营造用尺的共时性特征和历时性变迁。然后,基于我国营造尺系的官方背景和乡土习俗,论述了南、北方营造尺使用的历史特征和源流变迁,指出南方尺系的稳定性区域特色,以及北方尺系对官方制度因素等的密切响应。在此基础上,分辨了吴越尺系、闽尺系、淮尺系、赣尺系、粤尺、鲁尺、晋冀尺等的共时性使用情况,以及唐宋明清以来官尺的历史遗留及影响。最后阐明尺系研究对乡土建筑区划和谱系探讨的参考所在。

地方官员政绩考核改革如何影响企业投资效率

2013年中组部下发《关于改进地方党政领导班子和领导干部政绩考核工作的通知》,对地方官员经济政绩考核从重视增长速度转向重视增质提效。通过区分过度投资和投资不足两种非效率投资形式,运用双重差分方法从经济政绩考核变化视角实证检验地方官员政绩考核改革对企业投资效率的影响。基于我国上市工业企业数据的实证结果显示:经济政绩考核变化抑制了企业过度投资,并缓解了企业投资不足,从而有助于提高企业投资效率。机制分析表明,政府资源配置效应和市场竞争效应是经济政绩考核变化影响企业投资效率的重要作用渠道。异质性分析发现,在地区层面,经济政绩考核变化对企业投资效率的作用在东部地区、上级官员经济增速政绩诉求较低地区以及主政官员任期3年以上和学历较高地区表现得更为明显;在行业层面,经济政绩考核变化更有助于抑制传统行业和低技术行业过度投资,对投资不足的缓解作用却在新兴行业和高技术行业中表现得更为明显。

从“会做事”到“去做事”:对基于技术的职业能力测评的反思及展望

德国ASCOT和COMET等基于技术的职业能力测评方案达到了较高的信效度,被认为实现了“会考试等于会做事”的测评理想。该方案提高了测评自身的精确度,但在行为预测的准确度上,存在着一定的局限与偏离。职业能力测评要回到人的主体性本身,涵盖人的工具价值和内在价值两个方面。为此,除关注技能因素对被测者是否“会做事”的作用外,还要关注非技能因素对是否“去做事”的影响。技能因素和非技能因素的整合模型应该更符合未来职业能力测评的发展趋势,即“会做事+非技能因素=去做事”。为做好我国职业能力测评的改革创新,首先要深化技术赋能测评的研究与应用,迭代升级测评手段;其次要加强测评指标体系的理论研究与实践检验,优化完善测评内容;最后要构建中国特色测评体系,系统提升本土化测评的层次和水平,从测量“会做事”向测量“去做事”的目标迈进。

宋代重建越州学宫始末考

绍兴自唐代始设立官学,至五代废,仅有司庙祭先圣而已。北宋初期,采取兴文教、抑武事的国策,主要是重视科举而非教育,地方官学仍未受到真正重视,越州官学也是名存实亡。后虽在有识之士的推动下修复越州官学,但学宫狭小且处于喧闹之地,严重影响教学和人才的培养。北宋中期,师从胡瑗的越州监簿吴孜毅然捐献自己的宅第作为越州学宫,这在当时释、道兴盛,而地方官学尚未真正得到重视的大背景下,确实可称为惊世骇俗之举。吴孜的远见卓识和崇高品德不仅深受人们赞赏,且对引领社会风气,提倡重教尚学带来了深远影响。

论明代的钱粮考课与地方施政实态

钱粮考课作为官员政绩考核与财政管理的结合,是维系国家财政运行的重要制度设计。明代,钱粮考课在定位上经历了两次重要调整,一是洪武中后期,随着国家赋税征收政策从开源转向守成,钱粮考课目的逐渐从追求赋税总量增长向不亏原额的“赋役完欠”转变。二是明中叶以来,因地方逋赋和财政压力,中央改变了明初抚民与钱粮并重的政绩认定原则,逐渐将钱粮完欠置于地方政绩考核的中心地位。通过户部介入、编订钱粮完解册薄和扩大参罚范围等措施,强化钱粮考课力度,形成地方省—道—府—州—县一体参罚模式。在考课标准上,形成一种既部分妥协于地方征收实际,又区分于财政分配内轻重缓急的变动标准。在明代后期专于催科的考课体制下,地方施政压力主要来自于钱粮完欠,地方官员的职责以及施政重心呈现“财政化”倾向。

癌症患者家庭沟通量表的汉化及信效度检验

目的 汉化癌症患者家庭沟通量表(CCAT-PF),并检验其信效度。方法 采用Brislin模型将英文版CCAT-PF进行翻译、回译、文化调适与预测试;使用汉化后的CCAT-PF于2022年1-8月分别在391例癌症患者及391名家庭照顾者中进行调查,检验其信效度。结果 中文版CCAT-PF包括癌症患者(CCAT-P)及其家庭照顾者(CCAT-F)2个分量表,每个分量表各17个条目,各提取出4个公因子,CCAT-P和CCAT-F的Cronbach′s α系数分别为0.902、0.900,重测信度分别为0.956、0.927,累计方差贡献率分别为68.565%、67.750%,内容效度均为1。结论 中文版CCAT-PF信效度良好,可用于评估我国癌症患者及其家庭照顾者家庭沟通水平。

我国污染场地风险管理制度地方标准规范的分析与展望

我国在土壤环境质量及污染场地风险筛选管理制度的立法上遵循“地方—国家—地方”路线,随着国家标准及技术规范体系的基本完善和土壤修复市场的快速发展,“十四五”期间我国地方污染场地风险筛选管理的立法进程大大加速。本文调研了2019~2023年间我国发布的污染场地风险筛选管理相关的省级或市级标准文件,包括土壤环境质量标准(筛选值)、技术规范、指导性文件3大类别。通过对比地方标准文件对国家标准或技术规范的补充规定,从土壤环境质量标准、风险评估程序、检测结果的统计分析3方面总结了现行地方标准立法的要点。基于现行地方标准文件的立法原则和方向,可为新时代下污染场地精细化风险评估、新污染物治理等方面的国家与地方立法提供参考。

分析系统免疫炎症指数与全身炎症反应指数对局部晚期宫颈癌患者预后的评估价值

目的探讨系统免疫炎症指数(SII)和全身炎症反应指数(SIRI)对局部晚期宫颈癌(LACC)预后的影响。方法回顾性选取2016年1月至2018年1月就诊于衡水市妇幼保健院的91例接受根治性手术的LACC患者作为患者组,并选取同期同一医院的40名健康女性作为正常组。比较两组SIRI和SII,分析SIRI和SII与患者临床资料的关系,并对患者组进行生存分析。结果与正常组相比,患者组SIRI和SII显著升高,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.0001)。高SIRI组中低分化、Ⅱa2期和淋巴结转移患者占比高于低SIRI组(P<0.05),高SII组淋巴结转移患者占比高于低SII组(P<0.05)。高SIRI组和高SII组5年生存率均低于低SIRI组和低SII组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。SIRI预测患者1、3、5年生存率的曲线下面积为0.68、0.62、0.69,而SII预测患者1、3、5年生存率的曲线下面积为0.61、0.66、0.67。多因素Cox回归分析发现间质浸润深度和SIRI是影响患者5年生存率的独立因素(P<0.05)。结论术前外周血SIRI是LACC患者的独立预后因素,高SIRI患者预后较差。