Changes of local agricultural landscape patterns induced by land consolidation in hilly and mountainous Southwestern China

Land consolidation (LC), as a type of human disturbance, improves land production efficiency and changes landscape distribution through land parcel reallocation. The objective of this study was to comparatively analyze the changes of landscape patches before and after a land consolidation project (LCP) and the effects of land levelling, irrigation and drainage work and road engineering on the landscape structure. FRAGSTAT3.3 and buffer zone analysis were used to investigate those changes. The results suggest that the heterogeneity of landscape depressed, and tended to simplification after LC. Dry land was the most highly variable land use pattern, and the change of forestland was least due to its locations at a gradient larger than 25°. LC resulted in a more rational use of land, and could be an important step in promoting rural development in depressed and fragmented agricultural areas through unused land exploitation, small-patch combination, irrigation and water conservancy, and road construction. Land levelling leveled off the gradient field surface and decreased the slope. The fragmentized patches were much more incorporated with increasing slope. On the other hand, the ridge of a field became longer so that the length of field surface and area of patch were increased. Land levelling regulated, simplified and combined patches, so that the complexity degree was reduced. It is found that the buffer distance of 35 m was a turning point of human disturbance by irrigation and drainage systems, and patches presented flaky distribution when the buffer distance was smaller than 35 m. Meanwhile, the distance range between 25 m to 50 m was an impressible area for road engineering, which was sensitive to human actions, and the changes of all landscape metrics were larger than those in other buffer zones. In general, LC not only reallocated fragmented parcels, but also improved agricultural conditions.

Strategies for Localized Transformation of Landscape in Old Industrial Areas: A Case Study of Xiadian Industrial Area in Xuzhou City

Based on the theory of “localization”, the landscape status of Xiadian industrial area in Xuzhou City was investigated and analyzed. Localized transformation of landscape in the old industrial area can be conducted from the restoration of landscape ecological environment, protection of industrial landscape heritage, and sustainable utilization of industrial waste resources. It can achieve a better balance between urban renewal and the landscape transformation of the old industrial area and then realize the reshaping and regeneration of landscape and promote the development of local industries and the continuation of industrial culture to provide useful thinking for creating geographically representative urban landscape.

Protective and Constructive Strategies of Rural Landscape Elements in Local Landscape Planning

As a carrier of traditional techniques and local culture, local landscape contains profound theories of garden aesthetics and landscape ecology. Creating a local landscape is not only important to modern urban landscape design and urban planning, but also an important part of the construction of current distinctive towns. Based on the analysis of the application of native landscape elements in urban gardens, the research points out the innovative design and application of the local landscape elements. Moreover, it uses the artistic expression techniques of extracting the native landscape elements into the garden landscape as the entry point, and analyzes the designing principle and planning key points in the process of creating a local landscape of the cultural square park in characteristic towns, providing constructing and protecting strategies for creating a landscape of rural landscapes in China's landscape planning.

Investigation of Diversity of Local Landscape Plants in Tibet and Analysis of Their Application Potential

To study the basic situation of application of local landscape plants in Tibet, local landscape plants in Tibet was investigated firstly by using "biological five-point method". The results show that 213species(including breed) of local landscape plants were applied in Tibet, belonging to 148 genera and 66 families. In the arbor layer, shrub layer and herbaceous layer, the importance of Picea likiangensis Pritz.var. likiangensis Cheng et L. K. Fu, Platycladus orientalis Franco cv. Sieboldii, and Poa pratensis L. were the highest, namely 43.050, 19.696 and 45.950. Rosaceae, Salicaceae, Fabaceae, Poaceae, Pinaceae, Asteraceae,and Cupressaceae were applied mostly, including 25, 16, 12, 11, 10, 9 and 8 species of plants, accounting for11.73%, 7.51%, 5.63%, 5.16%, 4.69%, 4.23% and 3.76% of the investigated plants respectively. Based on this, 11 species of good local landscape plants in Tibet were selected to analyze their application potential in gardens. Rational suggestions about the development and utilization of local landscape plants in Tibet were proposed finally.

Expression and Design of“Localized Landscape”:A Case Study of Chengdong Avenue of Liyang City

Landscape is not only the carrier of urban landscape,but also the leading element of regional culture image.Taking Chengdong Avenue of Liyang City as an example,the paper explores the regional culture of Liyang City,and extracts such representative local cultural symbols as“Fish head of Tianmu lake”,“Liyang white tea”,“Jiangnan pearl”,“Nanshan bamboo sea”,etc.Furthermore,combined with landscape environmental characteristics,the local cultural symbols are abstracted with artistic techniques and then applied to urban public space,in order to express“localized”cultural landscape of Liyang City.

A novel algorithm for SLAM in dynamic environments using landscape theory of aggregation

To tackle the problem of simultaneous localization and mapping(SLAM) in dynamic environments, a novel algorithm using landscape theory of aggregation is presented. By exploiting the coherent explanation how actors form alignments in a game provided by the landscape theory of aggregation, the algorithm is able to explicitly deal with the ever-changing relationship between the static objects and the moving objects without any prior models of the moving objects. The effectiveness of the method has been validated by experiments in two representative dynamic environments: the campus road and the urban road.

Riverfront Landscape Design of Wojiang River in Longnan County, Jiangxi Province

Taking riverfront landscape construction of Wojiang River and its artery landscape engineering for example, the design follows the principle of "humanistic, ecological, landscape, sharable and open", respects and understands intentions of planning in the early stage, focuses on the extraction of historical elements, explores local cultural characteristics to integrate the features into riverfront landscape construction and create urban landscapes with local cultural connotations.

Protection and Inheritance of Native Culture in the Landscape Design of Characteristic Towns

Chinese culture has a long history. Native culture, as an important part of China's traditional culture heritage, is rich in variety. In characteristic towns, native culture has strong local characteristics, and its protection and heritage has great value. This paper aimed to inherit traditional culture, protect the local characteristics of the towns, endow the town landscape with a unique cultural value, enhance people's cultural cohesion and identity of local culture and create characteristic towns with strong cultural characteristics.

Construction of Cultural Landscape System for Ancient Yiyang City from the Perspective of “Mountain, Water and City”

As the revitalization of city culture and the city cultural confidence has been increasingly valued, the ancients' perception and interpretation of mountains, rivers and cultural landscapes, as well as their wisdom in the construction of traditional cities deserve more attention and further exploration. Taking ancient Yiyang City for example, this paper on the basis of local chronicles and literature analyzed the construction history of the city, famous mountains and rivers, and top eight views, and attempted to interpret the construction system of "mountain, river and city" landscape of traditional Chinese cities, in order to provide historical basis and cultural background for revitalizing local cultures and shaping urban landscape patterns, and offer spatial strategies for the city protection and renewal.

乡土景观文化植入新疆高校环境设计教学的创新策略

近年来,我国大力开展乡村振兴,强调文化强国重要性,在此背景下,在新疆高校内,开展环境设计教学,植入乡土景观文化,有利于推进乡村振兴发展进程。本文基于环境设计教学视角,以新疆地区为例,分析乡土景观构成要素,探究乡土景观文化植入教学策略。新疆高校教师应结合高校环境设计教学现状,合理融入乡土景观构成,将乡土景观文化融入专业课程体系,丰富环境教学课程内容,整合多元乡土景观资源,提升学生环境设计能力。

现代商贸城市景观地方性感知研究

现代商贸城市因其商业繁荣促使外来人口大量涌入、城市景观日新月异,挖掘地方商贸文化传统、发挥现代商贸产业特色、塑造城市景观独特性,并由此巩固居民与城市的情感联系、激发人的能动性、传承发展景观地方性是迫切需要探讨的命题。以全球最大的小商品集散地中国义乌为案例,通过文献梳理与实地踏勘对义乌商贸景观地方性感知进行提炼,利用调查问卷与SPSS、ArcG IS探析地方商贸景观对居民感知的影响以及各类居民群体对义乌商贸景观地方性的感知特征。结果表明:(1)居民对义乌地方性的感知和认同有利于景观地方性的传承和发展;(2)义乌商贸地方性构建过程的生活化与参与性增强了居民感知韧性;(3)商贸景观地方性传承发展具有多元潜力;(4)义乌商贸景观地方性感知由于感知主体的差异呈现出情感多样性。基于研究结果,提出通过明确定义感知节点、塑造地方商贸景观品牌、引导商贸景观地方性自驱发展,建构义乌商贸景观感知整体格局的适应性规划策略。旨在为现代商贸城市景观地方性的传承发展提供有益启示。

地方性与现代性:江南水网乡村景观空间特征与文脉传承

人居环境“地方性”侧重立足本土特质的空间表达,“现代性”倾向立足功能主义的空间表达,二者看似矛盾,实则相辅相成。基于“地方性”与“现代性”辩证统一的视角,评析1984–2023年国内有关江南水网乡村景观空间特征与文脉传承研究进展。基于筛选获得的498篇有效文献,首先运用文献计量分析识别出研究热点方向,包括景观空间形态认知、演变认知、价值认知、机制认知以及景观文脉传承的理论研究、实践探索共6个方面。在进一步分析文献内容的基础上,分别评述各个热点方向的研究内容进展,并针对研究局限提出5点研究展望,分别是构建景观空间形态认知框架、扩展景观空间演变研究内容、探索景观空间多元价值评价体系、重视景观空间机制“过程”研究,以及搭接文脉传承理论研究与实践探索之间的桥梁。以期能为江南水网乡村景观空间特征与文脉传承相关研究提供借鉴,为该地区乡村景观规划设计实践提供理论参考。

21世纪以来我国景观设计的理论与实践探索

进入21世纪以来,我国的景观学者和设计师在借鉴西方理论的过程中,坚持守正创新,在继承中华传统园林精华基础上,探寻具有中国特色的景观设计之路,理论研究成果斐然,设计实践硕果累累,为人居环境改善做出重要贡献。文章通过对景观设计探索历程的回顾,梳理总结了从西方引入的理论成果,重点归纳提炼了扎根于本土文化的理论建构和设计创作成就,同时展望思考了新时代景观设计发展方向;是为刍荛之见,略述大端,希望有助于读者整体把握20多年来景观设计理论与实践的发展脉络,助力我国景观设计事业笃定前行。

地方知识与海岸带规划——一个东南渔村环境抗争的人类学分析

随着全球环境危机的加剧,通过单一的规范性和普遍化知识应对环境冲突面临着多方面的困境和风险。因此,在“绿水青山就是金山银山”的新时代生态文明建设理念下,环境冲突解决机制应朝着多元主义转向,重点关注地方知识系统与科学知识体系在环境运动中的协同价值。文章以一个东南滨海渔村的环境抗争过程为实证案例,考察地方组织、地景叙事等地方知识传统与海岸带规划、环境政策等规范性知识不断博弈互动,以及与普遍性科学知识嵌入重组的地方实践,呈现环境议题的复杂性。在此基础上,新时代环境冲突的研究应关注不同利益主体在多元文化情景中生成的地方知识与科学知识之间的互动逻辑,转向多元复合型的环境冲突解决机制。

解构与反抗:抗战时期东北在地作家城市风景书写

抗战时期,不同于东北流亡作家群以热烈的怀乡之情“远观”被侵略者践踏的故乡风光,更与东北地区的日、朝、俄等国作家及部分中国作家为迎合殖民统治所营构的“如画风景”殊异,一大批深感殖民之痛和殖民之恶却又无力逃离的东北在地作家,以“在地凝视”的切近与深刻,描摹了城市不同空间的黑暗污秽风景,展现出殖民压迫下真实的东北社会境况,揭露了日本侵略者鼓吹的“王道乐土”的真实面貌,控诉了殖民统治的罪恶,表达了对殖民掠夺的反抗。

基于“八景”解析的吴江小城镇地方性景观营建研究

小城镇地方性景观研究是宜居城乡高质量发展的重要议题,对新型城镇化的推进具有重要意义。为营造具有地方性特质的现代景观,以“三生图景”为框架,分析吴江小城镇的古代八景的地方性特质,探讨如何在现代城乡规划中保护和利用这些古代八景。通过GIS空间分析和文献研究对吴江小城镇八景分布特征的分析,结合田野调查,解读了地方性景观的营建特征和机制:八景的空间分布总体呈现“多核聚集、沿水分布”的特点,八景集中于水网密集型的小城镇空间,较为典型地展现了“渔、桑、圩”相关的生产图景、“桥、塔、寺”相关的生活图景及“水泽、湖泊、泾浜”相关的生态图景。结果表明,吴江小城镇地方性景观的营建应体现“依于水”“乐于水”“隐于水”的智慧,充分体现自然环境、活动主体和人工建构对三生图景的营建过程,引导小城镇生态宜居环境建设。

图式语言视角下的巩义市河洛镇乡村景观空间解析

河洛地区一直是中国古代政治、经济、文化发展的中心,其所蕴含的河洛文化更是被称之为中华民族文化的源头之一。以巩义市河洛镇乡村景观空间为研究对象,利用图式语言的研究方法对乡村景观空间进行识别与解构。结果表明:(1)河洛镇乡村景观空间可划分为居住空间、连接空间、附属空间和复合空间,提取出“字”“词”“词组”共121种图式语汇,构建了河洛镇乡村景观的图式原型库。(2)河洛镇乡村景观空间的语法反映了一种复杂而又有序的拼接嵌套逻辑,反映了人们在地域文化和自然环境条件下的营建智慧,构筑了河洛镇乡村景观空间独特的语法系统。(3)在不同语境类型下,河洛镇乡村景观空间不仅存在一定的共性特征,还具有相当多的个性差异。不同村落在单体建筑空间和院落布局等基本空间单元上存在着相似特征,却也通过建筑组团、生产空间布局等复杂空间单元,展现出各自鲜明的个性差异。

坪坦河流域侗族聚落空间特征及其内生逻辑

侗族聚落是中华地域性文明的重要物质载体,明晰内化在聚落中的空间特征和内生逻辑对地域文化的保护与传承具有重要意义。以坪坦河流域侗族为例,利用GIS空间分析、边界形状指数、空间句法,从流域聚落空间分布、村落空间环境结构及村域空间形态特征三方面对聚落空间生成中的3类要素(村落选址、外部边界与内部结构)进行深入剖析,探讨其空间逻辑关系。研究表明:1)坪坦河流域侗族聚落呈现明显的空间集聚,形成了以近水型村落占主导,择中上游而居,沿流域内线性水网分布的特点;2)聚落空间环境呈现“山、林、寨、水、田”等要素组成的立体化景观空间结构序列,但不同空间类型的聚落空间形态特征存在明显差异;3)聚落边界形态以指状和带状形态边界为主,内部形成以鼓楼等为核心的空间引领村落发展,存在明显的等级与秩序,不同空间类型的聚落形态特征量化数值有着明显的范围区间;4)聚落空间在自适应生态、自组织社会和自发展生存3种逻辑机制的耦合中呈现多样化的空间特征。在此基础上提出流域聚落空间保护的策略引导。

陇南山地传统聚落及乡土建筑生成机制研究——以张坝古村为例

在快速城镇化的推动下,我国传统村落地域性要素缺失、识别性差。本文从景观基因理论出发,以传统村落为研究对象,构建出传统村落的景观基因研究体系,以有效保护传统村落的特色空间与建筑特征。以张坝古村为例,结合传统聚落空间模型,本文对其控制(社会、经济、文化要素)、基底(自然背景要素)、基质(建筑等点状要素)、路径(街巷及公共空间等线状要素)、外源(可带动该区域发展的辐射性要素)五大基因进行识别,并总结五大基因的作用机制,构建张坝古村的景观基因图谱,全面总结陇南山地传统聚落及乡土建筑生成机制,综合探索“基因活化”途径。以期保护和传承张坝古村独特的地域文化,激发古村活力,也为其他传统村落景观基因体系的构建提供参考。

乡村振兴背景下的乡村景观价值及其发展路径

党十九大报告提出的乡村振兴战略为乡村发展指明了方向。乡村景观作为农村地域的一项重要基础资源,迫切需要重新审视其对于乡村振兴的价值,并提出符合新时代需要的发展路径。文章在分析乡村景观建设现状问题的基础上,借鉴国内外乡村景观发展的成功经验,提出乡村景观与当地生产、生活和生态空间等协同发展模式,通过乡村景观与产业融合发展、与村民生活创新发展、与生态环境协调发展等路径,重塑乡村生产、生活和生态景观,有效提高村民经济收益,改善村庄居住环境,实现自然与文化景观的合理保护与开发,全面推动乡村振兴。