LOCAL PRODUCTS AND SPECIALITIES FROM SHANXI

SHANXI MATUREVINEGAR Vinegar is an indispensable condimentin people’s daily life.In cooking,add somevinegar to the vegetables to protect the vitaminsin them from being spoiled,and vinegar canbe used in cooking fish and meat to

Developing Sustainable High Strength Concrete Mixtures Using Local Materials and Recycled Concrete

This study presents the development of high strength concrete (HSC) that has been made more sustainable by using both local materials from central Texas and recycled concrete aggregate (RCA), which has also been obtained locally. The developed mixtures were proportioned with local constituents to increase the sustainable impact of the material by reducing emissions due to shipping as well as to make HSC more affordable to a wider variety of applications. The specific constituents were: limestone, dolomite, manufactured sand (limestone), locally available Type I/II cement, silica fume, and recycled concrete aggregate, which was obtained from a local recycler which obtains their product from local demolition. Multiple variables were investigated, such as the aggregate type and size, concrete age (7, 14, and 28-days), the curing regimen, and the water-to-cement ratio (w/c) to optimize a HSC mixture that used local materials. This systematic development revealed that heat curing the specimens in a water bath at 50℃ (122oF) after demolding and then dry curing at 200℃ (392oF) two days before testing with a w/c of 0.28 at 28-days produced the highest compressive strengths. Once an optimum HSC mixture was identified a partial replacement of the coarse aggregate with RCA was completed at 10%, 20%, and 30%. The results showed a loss in compressive strength with an increase in RCA replacement percentages, with the highest strength being approximately 93.0 MPa (13,484 psi) at 28-days for the 10% RCA replacement. The lowest strength obtained from an RCA-HSC mixture was approximately 72.9 (MPa) (10,576 psi) at 7-days. The compressive strengths obtained from the HSC mixtures containing RCA developed in this study are comparable to HSC strengths presented in the literature. Developing this innovative material with local materials and RCA ultimately produces a novel sustainable construction material, reduces the costs, and produces mechanical performance similar to prepackaged, commercially, available construction building materials.

LOCAL SALINE APPROXIMATION METHODS FOR SINGULAR PRODUCT INTEGRATION

The purpose of this paper is to propose and study local spline approximation methods for singular product integration,for which;i)the precision degree is the highest possible using splint approximation; ii) the nodes fan be assumed equal to arbitrary points,where the integrand function f is known; iii) the number of the requested evaluations of f at the nodes is low,iv) a satisfactory convergence theory can be proved.

Introduction to Thermo-Photo-Electronics

Building the foundations of Thermo-Photo-Electronics became possible only after the correction of thermodynamic errors in the traditional theory of semiconductor Electronics and Photo-Electronics.It is these errors that determined the output of the asymptotics of the operating parameters of semiconductor electronic devices,in particular,both the saturation of the limiting clock frequency of processors,and the saturation of the efficiency of both thermoelectric and photoelectric converters.But in semiconductors,although these thermodynamic errors manifested themselves not only in the instrumental,but also in the technological aspect,they could not prohibit semiconductor Electronics itself,unlike Electronics based on other materials.It’s just that a number of qualitative mistakes were made in the theory of semiconductor devices and photo devices.In this work,it is shown that the energy band diagram of semiconductor contacts itself was constructed with a significant omission-without taking into account the temperature force on the contact.At the same time,because of the incorrect calculation of currents according to the outdated formulas of Richardson-Langmuir-Deshman,there were also PROHIBITIONS.So the practitioners compensated for the errors of the theory with“empirical corrections”.So electronics engineers often made devices not according to a strict theory(which simply did not exist until now),but on a hunch and according to empirical local laws.And only the correction of the historical mistakes made it possible to expand the phenomenology of the description of processes in a Solid Body,on the basis of which it is possible to make calculations of highly efficient elements of Photo-Thermo-Electronics.

Brand Construction of Characteristic Agricultural Products in Ethnic Regions under the Background of Rural Revitalization:A Case Study of Honeysuckle Industry of Mashan County

The brand construction of agricultural products is a necessary path for agricultural development and an effective way to enhance the added value and market competitiveness of agricultural products.How to do a good job in building agricultural product brands under the background of rural revitalization?This paper takes the honeysuckle industry in Mashan County,Nanning as a case study for comprehensive analysis,forming a driving force for the high-quality development of characteristic agricultural industries.

Urban Agriculture:A Transitional Mechanism for Reducing Environmental Degradation and Fossil Fuel over Dependence

With the increasing population in the urban cities of the world,the demand for food from distant areas has been on the rise but at the expense of scarce natural resources like oil,water and forest,etc.However,producing food locally in urban centers provides a sustainable mechanism of reducing the carbon,food or ecological footprints of these cities in particular and environmental degradation in general.It creates a circular metabolic system in which the natural inputs are efficiently harnessed rather than the linear metabolic system in which resources flow in and wastes flow out.This article analyzes some urban agricultural local initiatives in urban centers of the worlds that promote a circular metabolic systems and proposes the procedure that can be adopted to promote urban agriculture.

Effect of temperature on milk fats of cow,buffalo,and goat used for frying local food products

Objectives:Thermal processes,such as refining and frying,result in the formation of trans fatty acids(TFAs)in edible oils or fats.Concerning the detrimental effect of TFAs on human health,milk fat samples of cow,buffalo,and goat are collected in order to elucidate TFAs accumulation during thermal processing.Methods:The increased amount of TFAs due to heating is analyzed by attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared(ATR-FTIR)spectroscopy in conjunction with second-derivative treatment and gas chromatographic(GC)analysis.Results:The total amount of TFAs has been increased from 7.71 to 8.25 per cent for cow milk fat,7.12 to 7.82 per cent for buffalo milk fat,and from 6.82 to 7.61 per cent for goat milk fat on heating the samples to 125°C-175°C as predicted by GC.Conclusions:Local food products fried in these milk fats are hence very harmful to human health.These results demonstrate that thermally induced TFAs in milk fats are closely related to the process temperature and time,which should be considered to reduce the formation of TFAs during thermal treatment.

The Chinese Automobile Market and the Strategies of European, American, Japanese, Korean and Chinese Auto Makers

This paper compares and analyzes the changes in the Chinese automobile market in recent years as well as the competition strategy of top makers of European, American, Japanese, Korean, and Chinese automobiles. In particular, analysis is carried out on the cause of the rapid growth of European, American, and Korean makers in the passenger vehicle market and the slow growth of Japanese makers, especially, Toyota, Honda, and Chinese makers. In order to adapt to the environmental change in the Chinese automobile market, European and American makers like Volkwagen （VW） and General Motors （GM） have developed full model line-up strategies focusing on compact cars while utilizing the advantages of the annual production of their full model line-up and giving priority to local part procurement. What＇s more, Korea＇s Hyundai has converted its car model strategy from mid-sized cars into compact cars in accordance with the changes in the Chinese market. Through successful product development adjusting to local needs, Hyundai has firmly entrenched its brand name. For Honda and Toyota, the slow conversion from mid-sized cars to compact cars and the inability to decrease costs due to the slow development of local part procurement are the causes of their delayed development in the Chinese market.

Urban Food Supply under Constrained Land Resources in Beijing:Potential and Optimization

The recent global food security crisis is garnering increasing attention and calls for innovative solutions to mitigate its negative impacts on people, especially the most economically vulnerable. In urban regions, this issue is aggravated by the fact that, on one hand, rapid urbanization and greater levels and diversity of food consumption associated with the growing affluence of urban inhabitants has led to rising urban food demand, while on the other hand, the rapid loss of farmland due to urban expansion or irrational sprawl and increasing extreme weather events for agricultural producers due to the impact of global climate change is sharply reducing the urban food production and local supply capacity. Therefore how to realize the urban food supply potential and optimize the utilization of the urban farmlands to enhance the local food supply rate and improve urban food security more generally is becoming a key issue. In this paper, we use the case of Beijing to examine the opportunities to enhance the supply of local, affordably priced food under existing land resource constraints, by restructuring farmland utilization. In this paper, we firstly calculate the changes in the food footprint needed by Beijing and its food self-sufficiency rate over the thirty year period from 1981 to 2011. We show that although Beijing’s food footprint has grown from 11 800 to 29 400 km2 over this 30-year period, its food self- sufficiency rate has dropped from 59.3%, 35.8%, 37.3% and 13.1% to about 39.0%, 27.0%, 6.7% and 2.2% for vegetable, fruit, grain and edible oil, respectively. Following this analysis, we calculate Beijing’ s potential food production under different agricultural production allocation scenarios. We conclude that with a proper shift of farmland use, full utilization of temporary idle land, and the development of rooftop farming, Beijing could increase its vegetable self-sufficiency rate to 60% without significantly reducing the production of other types of local food. Given the sensitivity of fresh vegetables to long- distance transport, and the potential to reduce transport-related carbon emissions, this is a worthwhile adjustment that will benefit the city both by meeting the growing need of its residents for fresh food, and by improving the overall regional eco-environment.

Quasi-shadowing Property on Random Partially Hyperbolic Sets

Abstract In this paper we investigate the quasi-shadowing property for C1 random dynamical sys-terns on their random partially hyperbolic sets. It is shown that for any pseudo orbit {xk}＋∞ -∞ on a random partially hyperbolic set there exists a ＂center＂ pseudo orbit {Yk}＋∞ -∞ shadowing it in the sense that yk＋l is obtained from the image of yk by a motion along the center direction. Moreover, when the random partially hyperbolic set has a local product structure, the above ＂center＂ pseudo orbit{yk}＋∞ -∞ can be chosen such that yk＋1 and the image of yk lie in their common center leaf.