Preparation of Dashanzha Wan by three-dimensional printing

Objective:To use three-dimensional(3D)printing technology to prepare Dashanzha Wan.Methods:The standard formula proportion of Dashanzha Wan was used to prepare printable materials(normally called the ink)for 3D printing,and different doses and shapes of Dashanzha Wan were prepared.Then,the rheological properties,texture characteristics,scanning electron microscopy,and content of ursolic acid were evaluated.Results:Dashanzha Wan ink showed good shear thinning properties,which is very suitable for 3D printing.The printed sample had a beautiful and regular shape with high resolution.Meanwhile,ursolic acid content in 3D-printed Dashanzha Wan aligned with the ursolic acid content shown in the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China 2020.Conclusion:The 3D-printed Dashanzha Wan has a better texture,and can be shaped into various shapes according to individual needs,which would increase patients’interest when taking medicine.Moreover,3D printing of Dashanzha Wan could be easily integrated into the digital life system,enabling online customization or use at home.This study reveals that 3D printing technology is a promising method for the production of traditional Chinese medicine with personalized appearance,dosage,and texture,which is suitable for a broader population.

Three-Dimensional Cooperative Localization via Space-Air-Ground Integrated Networks

The space-air-ground integrated network(SAGIN)combines the superiority of the satellite,aerial,and ground communications,which is envisioned to provide high-precision positioning ability as well as seamless connectivity in the 5G and Beyond 5G(B5G)systems.In this paper,we propose a three-dimensional SAGIN localization scheme for ground agents utilizing multi-source information from satellites,base stations and unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs).Based on the designed scheme,we derive the positioning performance bound and establish a distributed maximum likelihood algorithm to jointly estimate the positions and clock offsets of ground agents.Simulation results demonstrate the validity of the SAGIN localization scheme and reveal the effects of the number of satellites,the number of base stations,the number of UAVs and clock noise on positioning performance.

High-precision three-dimensional Rydberg atom localization in a four-level atomic system

Rydberg atoms have been widely investigated due to their large size,long radiative lifetime,huge polarizability and strong dipole-dipole interactions.The position information of Rydberg atoms provides more possibilities for quantum optics research,which can be obtained under the localization method.We study the behavior of three-dimensional(3D)Rydberg atom localization in a four-level configuration with the measurement of the spatial optical absorption.The atomic localization precision depends strongly on the detuning and Rabi frequency of the involved laser fields.A 100%probability of finding the Rydberg atom at a specific 3D position is achieved with precision of~0.031λ.This work demonstrates the possibility for achieving the 3D atom localization of the Rydberg atom in the experiment.

High-precision three-dimensional atom localization via probe absorption at room temperature

A scheme is used to explore the behavior of three-dimensional(3D)atom localization in a Y-type hot atomic system.We can obtain the position information of the atom due to the position-dependent atom–field interaction.We study the influences of the system parameters and the temperature on the atom localization.More interestingly,the atom can be localized in a subspace when the temperature is equal to 323 K.Moreover,a method is proposed to tune multiparameter for localizing the atom in a subspace.The result is helpful to achieve atom nanolithography,photonic crystal and measure the center-of-mass wave function of moving atoms.

Automated measurement of three-dimensional cerebral cortical thickness in Alzheimer’s patients using localized gradient vector trajectory in fuzzy membership maps

Our purpose in this study was to develop an automated method for measuring three-dimensional (3D) cerebral cortical thicknesses in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) using magnetic resonance (MR) images. Our proposed method consists of mainly three steps. First, a brain parenchymal region was segmented based on brain model matching. Second, a 3D fuzzy membership map for a cerebral cortical region was created by applying a fuzzy c-means (FCM) clustering algorithm to T1-weighted MR images. Third, cerebral cortical thickness was three- dimensionally measured on each cortical surface voxel by using a localized gradient vector trajectory in a fuzzy membership map. Spherical models with 3 mm artificial cortical regions, which were produced using three noise levels of 2%, 5%, and 10%, were employed to evaluate the proposed method. We also applied the proposed method to T1-weighted images obtained from 20 cases, i.e., 10 clinically diagnosed AD cases and 10 clinically normal (CN) subjects. The thicknesses of the 3 mm artificial cortical regions for spherical models with noise levels of 2%, 5%, and 10% were measured by the proposed method as 2.953 ± 0.342, 2.953 ± 0.342 and 2.952 ± 0.343 mm, respectively. Thus the mean thicknesses for the entire cerebral lobar region were 3.1 ± 0.4 mm for AD patients and 3.3 ± 0.4 mm for CN subjects, respectively (p < 0.05). The proposed method could be feasible for measuring the 3D cerebral cortical thickness on individual cortical surface voxels as an atrophy feature in AD.

核电厂定位销局部干法水下TIG焊接工艺

以核电厂定位销水下焊接为研究对象,研制双层气体保护的局部干法水下TIG旋转焊枪,运动轨迹通过直流电机带动钨极绕固定直径转动实现.对核级材料Z2CN19-10控氮奥氏体不锈钢进行焊接,研究局部干法水下TIG焊接焊缝成形,优化工艺参数,结合热循环曲线及电弧形态,分析焊接接头显微组织及力学性能.结果表明,当焊枪的内层和外层保护气均通氩气时,焊缝成形良好,电弧形态稳定;增大焊接电流或减小焊接速度均使焊缝熔深增大,熔宽增大;对比水下焊接接头和陆上焊接接头发现,水的快速冷却作用会促使熔合线附近的铁素体的形态由树枝状转变为板条状,奥氏体含量减少,焊缝中心晶粒细化;水下焊接接头的显微硬度和力学性能略高于陆上焊接接头.

局部皮瓣修复头面部软组织缺损的临床观察

目的 探讨局部皮瓣修复头面部软组织缺损的临床效果。方法 选取2020年2月2023年2月本院接收的100例头面部软组织缺损患者,按数字随机表法分作两组,予以对照组(50例)常规修复治疗,予以观察组(50例)局部皮瓣修复治疗,对两组的瘢痕恢复情况、修复效果、并发症发生情况及患者满意度进行对比。结果 术后6个月随访时,观察组的瘢痕宽度、弹性、平整度、颜色评分均比对照组高(P<0.05);观察组Ⅰ期愈合时间、拆线时间比对照组短(P<0.05),皮瓣成活率比对照组高,术后6个月复发率比对照组低(P<0.05);观察组并发症发生率是4.00%,比对照组的20.00%低(P<0.05):观察组患者满意度是96.00%,比对照组的82.00%高(P<0.05)。结论 局部皮瓣修复应用于头面部软组织缺损治疗中可达到良好效果,促进瘢痕有效恢复,且皮瓣成活率较高、复发率与并发症发生率较低,可进一步提升患者对修复的满意度。

3D fluid model analysis on the generation of negative hydrogen ions for negative ion source of NBI

A radio-frequency(RF) inductively coupled negative hydrogen ion source(NHIS) has been adopted in the China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor(CFETR) to generate negative hydrogen ions.By incorporating the level-lumping method into a three-dimensional fluid model,the volume production and transportation of H^(-) in the NHIS,which consists of a cylindrical driver region and a rectangular expansion chamber,are investigated self-consistently at a large input power(40 k W) and different pressures(0.3–2.0 Pa).The results indicate that with the increase of pressure,the H^(-) density at the bottom of the expansion region first increases and then decreases.In addition,the effect of the magnetic filter is examined.It is noteworthy that a significant increase in the H^(-) density is observed when the magnetic filter is introduced.As the permanent magnets move towards the driver region,the H^(-) density decreases monotonically and the asymmetry is enhanced.This study contributes to the understanding of H-distribution under various conditions and facilitates the optimization of volume production of negative hydrogen ions in the NHIS.

Three-dimensional composite Li metal anode by simple mechanical modification for high-energy batteries

Lithium(Li)metal is believed to be the“Holy Grail”among all anode materials for next-generation Li-based batteries due to its high theoretical specific capacity(3860 mAh/g)and lowest redox potential(−3.04 V).Disappointingly,uncontrolled dendrite formation and“hostless”deposition impede its further development.It is well accepted that the construction of three-dimensional(3D)composite Li metal anode could tackle the above problems to some extent by reducing local current density and maintaining electrode volume during cycling.However,most strategies to build 3D composite Li metal anode require either electrodeposition or melt-infusion process.In spite of their effectiveness,these procedures bring multiple complex processing steps,high temperature,and harsh experimental conditions which cannot meet the actual production demand in consideration of cost and safety.Under this condition,a novel method to construct 3D composite anode via simple mechanical modification has been recently proposed which does not involve harsh conditions,fussy procedures,or fancy equipment.In this mini review,a systematic and in-depth investigation of this mechanical deformation technique to build 3D composite Li metal anode is provided.First,by summarizing a number of recent studies,different mechanical modification approaches are classified clearly according to their specific procedures.Then,the effect of each individual mechanical modification approach and its working mechanisms is reviewed.Afterwards,the merits and limits of different approaches are compared.Finally,a general summary and perspective on construction strategies for next-generation 3D composite Li anode are presented.

甘肃省地方标准《农村人居环境村容村貌治理规范》制定探索

改善农村人居环境是实施乡村振兴战略的第一场硬仗。在农村人居环境整治提升的诸多内容中,村容村貌治理又是重中之重。本文立足甘肃省农村人居环境村容村貌工作实际情况,从标准化治理的技术角度入手,通过对标准的制定背景、制定意义、制定原则、主要内容和实施建议进行说明,阐释了甘肃省制定《农村人居环境村容村貌治理规范》地方标准的可行性和重要性。

基于三维精细化动力学模型的局部模态获取技术

Structural dynamic problems encountered within launch vehicles are sometimes related to entire dynamic characteristics of the vehicle,and sometimes related to local dynamic characteristics of some parts of vehicles.To acquire local dynamic characteristics,it usually requires the building of a three-dimensional detailed FEM model.It is important that the simulation of mass and stiffness of local part is accurate.The local mode acquisition of a gas tank and its bracket installed in the inter-tank section is taken as an example in this paper.It can be seen that the local modes are consistent with the section modal test results.Finally,the verified three-dimensional detailed FEM model of the inter-tank section is assembled within the entire launch vehicle,and the local modes of the gas tank and its bracket under flight conditions are predicted.

局部推进皮瓣修复治疗对拇指指端缺损的效果及对患者心理状态的影响

目的探究对拇指指端缺损患者实施改良局部推进皮瓣修复治疗的作用。方法研究对象:2020年1月至2023年1月诊治的75例拇指指端缺损患者,按治疗方式分为两组,对照组37例,观察组38例患者,对照组:大鱼际处筋膜瓣转移术,观察组:改良局部推进皮瓣修复治疗,比较两组整体效果。结果(1)观察组手术时间、术中出血量低于对照组(P<0.05);(2)观察组优良率为97.37%(37/38),高于对照组的78.38%(29/37)(χ^(2)=4.730,P=0.030);(3)观察组皮瓣质地柔软程度、外观美观性、皮肤弹性状况、伤指灵活程度评分高于对照组(P<0.05);(4)治疗后,观察组SAS评分、SDS评分低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组生活质量评分较高(P<0.05)。结论改良局部推进皮瓣修复治疗可增强拇指指端缺损患者的修复效果,让患者不良情绪缓解、生存质量提高,效果显著。

小切口功能性切除术用于治疗腮腺浅叶良性肿瘤的临床应用价值

目的 探讨腮腺浅叶良性肿瘤患者采取小切口功能性切除术治疗的临床应用价值。方法 随机选择2017年2月-2021年12月新沂市人民医院收诊的腮腺浅叶良性肿瘤患者59例,根据手术方式不同分作观察组(30例)与对照组(29例),对照组采取腮腺浅叶部分切除术治疗,观察组实施小切口功能性切除术治疗,记录分析两组患者手术临床指标(手术时长、术中出血量、切口长度、面部神经解剖支数、总住院时间)差异,对比两组患者术后并发症情况及总发生率,对患者进行为期6个月的跟踪随访,统计疾病复发概率。调查对比两组患者治疗后对切口外观满意度。结果 观察组患者手术时长及术后患者总住院时间均短于对照组,术中出血量少于对照组,切口长度及面部神经解剖支数小于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组患者术后并发症总发生概率低于对照组(P<0.05)。同时观察组患者6个月内疾病复发率与对照组相比无统计学差异(P>0.05)。另外,通过小切口功能性切除术治疗后观察组患者对切口外观满意度高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 腮腺浅叶良性肿瘤患者可首选小切口功能性切除术治疗,具有创伤小、术后恢复快、并发症少等优点,可有效提高患者生活质量,值得运用并推广。

离心压缩机升级改造论述

国内上万台离心压缩机,部分压缩机实际运行工况与设计工况存在偏差,造成资源浪费并且碳排放量不断增加。随着行业经济复苏和国家环保标准提高,扩容改造、节能改造、驱动机改造、国产化改造及部件改造、外观改造等升级改造成为众多石化企业首选。同时,沈鼓集团一直应用最新科技成果、最先进单元技术,使设备运行更加稳定、效率大幅提升,既解决了设备运营的后顾之忧,又为企业创造了可观的经济效益。本文国内首次对离心压缩机升级改造进行详实论述,定义了升级改造的基本术语,确定了升级改造方向、方法及内容,对提高离心压缩机效率,提高生产率具有指导意义。

山东黄瓜地方品种资源果实外观品质的评价

对山东黄瓜地方品种资源的瓜条形状、皮色、刺、瘤、刺色、棱沟、瓜长、把长、横径、单瓜重、把瓜比、果型指数等12个果实外观性状进行了调查分析,结果表明,山东黄瓜地方品种资源果实外观性状具有丰富的遗传多样性,平均多样性指数为1.58。华北型种质果实外观性状的平均多样性指数高于华南型种质。根据生产上对果实外观性状的要求,对两种生态类型中优良种质资源进行了评价。从外观形态上筛选出各自的代表性种质,在两种生态类型中筛选了长瓜短把型种质和短重型种质,为资源的利用和品种的选育提供了信息。

基于改进主动形状模型的人脸表情识别

主动形状模型(ASM)是面部特征定位、人脸识别和表情识别等模式识别领域中常用的一种方法。但受到初始情况、光照等诸多因素的影响,其性能会有所下降。研究了一种改进的主动形状模型,改进主要体现在两个方面:第一,首先用点轮廓检测算法(PCDM)检测到双眼的位置,为ASM中的点分布模型粗略地定位好初始位置;第二,从ASM原始的思想出发,充分挖掘标定点之间的联系,提出一种构建局部纹理模型的新方法。在JAFFE人脸数据库中进行验证,结果表明,改进ASM方法提高了搜索速度与特征点定位的精度。最终构造神经网络分类器进行人脸表情识别实验,得到了较好的识别率。

引返编织在羊毛衫设计中的应用

介绍了引返编织的概念及其编织方法。通过实验对比,就引返编织所形成的褶皱以及局部立体外观效果的编织方法进行了较为详尽地分析与研究。同时,从服装设计的角度,对引返编织形成的褶皱以及局部立体外观效果在羊毛衫设计中的应用进行了初步探讨,提出了引返编织在羊毛衫设计中具有功能性与装饰性2大功能的结论,为设计人员提供了更多的设计思路,对推进和提升毛衫产品的开发具有重要的现实意义。

采用局部线性嵌入的稀疏目标跟踪方法

目标跟踪是从复杂的背景中辨认出运动目标,并且对目标进行准确且连续的追踪。如何在遮挡、形变、背景复杂的条件下鲁棒性跟踪目标仍是亟待解决的问题。针对遮挡和形变问题,提出一种局部线性嵌入(LLE)和稀疏表示的算法来有效的学习外观模板。其中LLE是流形学习的一种典型算法。在该算法中每个点的近邻权值在平移、旋转、伸缩变化下是保持不变的,因此可以用来提取目标的本质特征,发现数据的内在规律。算法首先采用局部线性嵌入提取低维特征,提取后的特征作为基向量与琐碎模板组成稀疏原型,稀疏原型用于模板的更新。算法保持了原有稀疏跟踪方法对遮挡处理的优势,同时对目标形变有较好的稳健性。实验结果表明,跟踪算法比其他7个常用的算法在9个视频序列中有较好的鲁棒性能。

基于加权主动形状建模的人脸特征定位方法

主动形状建模是面部特征定位和人脸识别等模式识别领域中常用的一种方法。然而,由于受到初始情况、光照等诸多因素的影响,主动形状建模经常会陷入最优化过程中的局部最小问题,从而导致其性能下降。该文在传统主动形状模型基础上,提出了一种加权主动形状建模的方法,该方法可以有效地解决上述局部最小问题,并且更好地捕捉局部点的特征信息,从而更精确地进行面部特征定位。最后通过实验验证了上面的结论。

基于Kinect传感器的瞳孔定位算法

传统算法通常需在头部稳定或光线明亮的情况下进行,较难在自然条件下对多姿态头部运动时的人眼进行跟踪。针对该问题,提出基于Kinect传感器的瞳孔定位算法,使用三维主动表观模型(AAM)对眼轮廓匹配得到眼部特征点,粗定位分割出眼睛,再对瞳孔进行精确定位。实验表明:在多姿态与头部带有遮挡物的情况下仍能较好地跟踪和定位人眼。