In China,the target setting on loading rate of domestic equipment for shipbuilding industry has not been studied from a perspective of an optimization problem.Based on the constant elasticity of substitution productio...In China,the target setting on loading rate of domestic equipment for shipbuilding industry has not been studied from a perspective of an optimization problem.Based on the constant elasticity of substitution production function,a localization rate model for shipbuilding industry is established to investigate the government's trade-off between the interest of shipbuilding industry and that of ship supporting industry and to set the optimal localization rate.The results show that the market capacity has a significant effect on localization rate.In particular,when the market capacity is too small,the optimal localization rate is zero.When the market capacity is too large,the optimal localization rate is one.When the market capacity is in a certain range,a regular localization rate target exists.Moreover,the optimal localization rate could be affected by the technology gap and prices of domestic and foreign marine equipments.When the market capacity is large and the technology gap between domestic and foreign marine equipments is small,or the price of domestic equipment is too low,a higher localization rate target should be set.Finally,the substitutability of domestic and foreign equipments affects the optimal set of localization rate.If the substitutability of domestic and foreign equipments is too low,the improvement of localization rate caused by technological progress or price reduction of domestic equipment will be limited.This study provides several significant policy suggestions on dynamic adjustment of localization rate,classified implementation,and core technology mastering.展开更多
An artificial localized corrosion system is assembled and some parameters related to the localized corrosion in active dissolution state (i.e., non-passive state) have been studied. The results showed that the develop...An artificial localized corrosion system is assembled and some parameters related to the localized corrosion in active dissolution state (i.e., non-passive state) have been studied. The results showed that the developed electrochemical system can satisfactorily imitate a naturally formed localized corrosion and the coupling current can indicate the maximum localized propagating rate. In this artificial system, the anodic dissolution reaction followed the auto-catalytic mechanism. The localized corrosion current density was dependent on the area ratio R of the cathode to the occluded anode. While R was equal to or more than 6, the coupling current reached at a maximum value and did not alter with the increase in R-value. Therefore, R=7 is chosen as one of these optimum parameters used in constructing the system, with which the biggest galvanic current might be obtained. In contrast, the thickness of the polymer filler separating the occluded anode area from the bulk electrolyte solution and the volume of the occluded anode area did not affect the corrosion current obviously. They might affect the response time to approach a steady state.展开更多
For the improved two-sided projected quasi-Newton algorithms, which were presented in PartI, we prove in this paper that they are locally one-step or two-step superlinearly convergent. Numerical tests are reported the...For the improved two-sided projected quasi-Newton algorithms, which were presented in PartI, we prove in this paper that they are locally one-step or two-step superlinearly convergent. Numerical tests are reported thereafter. Results by solving a set of typical problems selectedfrom literature have demonstrated the extreme importance of these modifications in making Nocedal& Overton's original methon practical. Furthermore, these results show that the improved algoritnmsare very competitive in comparison with some highly praised sequential quadratic programmingmethods.展开更多
In this paper,we study a stochastic Newton method for nonlinear equations,whose exact function information is difficult to obtain while only stochastic approximations are available.At each iteration of the proposed al...In this paper,we study a stochastic Newton method for nonlinear equations,whose exact function information is difficult to obtain while only stochastic approximations are available.At each iteration of the proposed algorithm,an inexact Newton step is first computed based on stochastic zeroth-and first-order oracles.To encourage the possible reduction of the optimality error,we then take the unit step size if it is acceptable by an inexact Armijo line search condition.Otherwise,a small step size will be taken to help induce desired good properties.Then we investigate convergence properties of the proposed algorithm and obtain the almost sure global convergence under certain conditions.We also explore the computational complexities to find an approximate solution in terms of calls to stochastic zeroth-and first-order oracles,when the proposed algorithm returns a randomly chosen output.Furthermore,we analyze the local convergence properties of the algorithm and establish the local convergence rate in high probability.At last we present preliminary numerical tests and the results demonstrate the promising performances of the proposed algorithm.展开更多
The velocity profile around cells in a flow chamber coated with the immobilized protein and the endothelial cells is studied using the micro particle image velocimetry(PIV). The main purpose is to study the effect o...The velocity profile around cells in a flow chamber coated with the immobilized protein and the endothelial cells is studied using the micro particle image velocimetry(PIV). The main purpose is to study the effect of the endothelial cells on the local hydrodynamic environment and the local shear rates above a single polymorphonuclear neutrophil(PMN) and a melanoma cell when they adhere to different immobilized protein substrates. Micro-PIV images are taken in the top-view and the side-view under 10 X and 40 X objective lens and the ensemble correlation method is used to analyze the data. The results show that the endothelial monolayer has changed the patterns of the flow velocity profile of the side-view flow on the chamber bottom, and also increased the wall shear rates. The melanoma cells adhered on the immobilized fibrin disturb the local flow more than those adhered on the immobilized fibrinogen, but one sees no significant difference between the local shear rates above the PMNs adhered on the immobilized fibrinogen and those above the PMNs adhered on the immobilized fibrin.展开更多
基金supported in part by National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFB2101804)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under Grants Nos.71725002,72021001,U21B20102,72174186.
文摘In China,the target setting on loading rate of domestic equipment for shipbuilding industry has not been studied from a perspective of an optimization problem.Based on the constant elasticity of substitution production function,a localization rate model for shipbuilding industry is established to investigate the government's trade-off between the interest of shipbuilding industry and that of ship supporting industry and to set the optimal localization rate.The results show that the market capacity has a significant effect on localization rate.In particular,when the market capacity is too small,the optimal localization rate is zero.When the market capacity is too large,the optimal localization rate is one.When the market capacity is in a certain range,a regular localization rate target exists.Moreover,the optimal localization rate could be affected by the technology gap and prices of domestic and foreign marine equipments.When the market capacity is large and the technology gap between domestic and foreign marine equipments is small,or the price of domestic equipment is too low,a higher localization rate target should be set.Finally,the substitutability of domestic and foreign equipments affects the optimal set of localization rate.If the substitutability of domestic and foreign equipments is too low,the improvement of localization rate caused by technological progress or price reduction of domestic equipment will be limited.This study provides several significant policy suggestions on dynamic adjustment of localization rate,classified implementation,and core technology mastering.
文摘An artificial localized corrosion system is assembled and some parameters related to the localized corrosion in active dissolution state (i.e., non-passive state) have been studied. The results showed that the developed electrochemical system can satisfactorily imitate a naturally formed localized corrosion and the coupling current can indicate the maximum localized propagating rate. In this artificial system, the anodic dissolution reaction followed the auto-catalytic mechanism. The localized corrosion current density was dependent on the area ratio R of the cathode to the occluded anode. While R was equal to or more than 6, the coupling current reached at a maximum value and did not alter with the increase in R-value. Therefore, R=7 is chosen as one of these optimum parameters used in constructing the system, with which the biggest galvanic current might be obtained. In contrast, the thickness of the polymer filler separating the occluded anode area from the bulk electrolyte solution and the volume of the occluded anode area did not affect the corrosion current obviously. They might affect the response time to approach a steady state.
基金This research was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of china
文摘For the improved two-sided projected quasi-Newton algorithms, which were presented in PartI, we prove in this paper that they are locally one-step or two-step superlinearly convergent. Numerical tests are reported thereafter. Results by solving a set of typical problems selectedfrom literature have demonstrated the extreme importance of these modifications in making Nocedal& Overton's original methon practical. Furthermore, these results show that the improved algoritnmsare very competitive in comparison with some highly praised sequential quadratic programmingmethods.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.11731013,11871453 and 11971089)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST (No.2018QNRC001)+1 种基金Youth Innovation Promotion Association,CASFundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,UCAS.
文摘In this paper,we study a stochastic Newton method for nonlinear equations,whose exact function information is difficult to obtain while only stochastic approximations are available.At each iteration of the proposed algorithm,an inexact Newton step is first computed based on stochastic zeroth-and first-order oracles.To encourage the possible reduction of the optimality error,we then take the unit step size if it is acceptable by an inexact Armijo line search condition.Otherwise,a small step size will be taken to help induce desired good properties.Then we investigate convergence properties of the proposed algorithm and obtain the almost sure global convergence under certain conditions.We also explore the computational complexities to find an approximate solution in terms of calls to stochastic zeroth-and first-order oracles,when the proposed algorithm returns a randomly chosen output.Furthermore,we analyze the local convergence properties of the algorithm and establish the local convergence rate in high probability.At last we present preliminary numerical tests and the results demonstrate the promising performances of the proposed algorithm.
基金Project supported by the National Institute of Health(NIH,USA,Grant No.CA-125707)the National Science Foundation(NSF,USA,Grant No.CBET-0729091)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11302129,11432006 and 31170887)the Fellowship from Chinese Scholarship Council
文摘The velocity profile around cells in a flow chamber coated with the immobilized protein and the endothelial cells is studied using the micro particle image velocimetry(PIV). The main purpose is to study the effect of the endothelial cells on the local hydrodynamic environment and the local shear rates above a single polymorphonuclear neutrophil(PMN) and a melanoma cell when they adhere to different immobilized protein substrates. Micro-PIV images are taken in the top-view and the side-view under 10 X and 40 X objective lens and the ensemble correlation method is used to analyze the data. The results show that the endothelial monolayer has changed the patterns of the flow velocity profile of the side-view flow on the chamber bottom, and also increased the wall shear rates. The melanoma cells adhered on the immobilized fibrin disturb the local flow more than those adhered on the immobilized fibrinogen, but one sees no significant difference between the local shear rates above the PMNs adhered on the immobilized fibrinogen and those above the PMNs adhered on the immobilized fibrin.