BACKGROUND Multiple system atrophy(MSA) is a serious progressive neurodegenerative disease. Early diagnosis of MSA is very difficult, and diagnostic biomarkers are limited. Growth differentiation factor 15(GDF15) is i...BACKGROUND Multiple system atrophy(MSA) is a serious progressive neurodegenerative disease. Early diagnosis of MSA is very difficult, and diagnostic biomarkers are limited. Growth differentiation factor 15(GDF15) is involved in the differentiation and progression of the central nervous system, and is widely distributed in peripheral blood, which may be a novel biomarker for MSA.AIM To determine serum GDF15 levels, related factors and their potential diagnostic value in MSA patients, compared with Parkinson’s disease(PD) patients and healthy controls.METHODS A case-control study was conducted, including 49 MSA patients, 50 PD patients and 50 healthy controls. Serum GDF15 levels were measured by human enzymelinked immunosorbent assay, and the differences between the MSA, PD and control groups were analyzed. Further investigations were performed in different MSA subgroups according to age of onset, sex, clinical subtypes, diagnostic criteria, and disease duration. Receiver-operating characteristic curve analysiswas used to evaluate the diagnostic value of GDF15, especially for the differential diagnosis between MSA and PD.RESULTS Serum GDF15 levels were significantly higher in MSA patients than in PD patients and healthy controls(P = 0.000). Males and those with a disease duration of more than three years showed higher serum GDF15 levels(P = 0.043 and 0.000;respectively). Serum GDF15 levels may be a potential diagnostic biomarker for MSA patients compared with healthy controls and PD patients(cutoff: 470.42 pg/m L, sensitivity: 85.7%, specificity: 88.0%;cutoff: 1075.91 pg/m L, sensitivity:51.0%, specificity: 96.0%;respectively).CONCLUSION Serum GDF15 levels are significantly higher in MSA patients and provide suggestions on the etiology of MSA.展开更多
This paper deals with the development of sample characteristics of wage distribution in recent years in the Czech Republic by the highest educational attainment. Gross monthly wage is the variable investigated. We dis...This paper deals with the development of sample characteristics of wage distribution in recent years in the Czech Republic by the highest educational attainment. Gross monthly wage is the variable investigated. We distinguish the following scale of the highest educational attainment： primary and incomplete education, secondary education without GCSE, secondary education with GCSE, higher vocational and bachelor education and tertiary education. Forecasts of wage distribution have been developed for the next two years for all of these categories. Three-parametric lognormal curve formed the basis of the theoretical probability distribution. Parameter values of relevant three-parametric lognormal curves were then estimated using the method of L-moments of parameter estimation. Forecasts of sample values of L-moments were calculated using trend analysis of their past development and the parameters of three-parametric Iognormal curves for forecasts of wage distribution were calculated using the predicted values of the first three sample L-moments. We have obtained the forecasts of wage distribution by the highest educational attainment on the basis of these probability density functions.展开更多
单相接地故障是配电网最常发生的故障,准确而快速地确定配电网单相接地故障位置对排除系统故障,减少事故损失具有非常重要的作用。针对当前配电网单相接地故障精确定位问题,通过采用网络故障时测量点处的电压预存信息,同时利用故障中馈...单相接地故障是配电网最常发生的故障,准确而快速地确定配电网单相接地故障位置对排除系统故障,减少事故损失具有非常重要的作用。针对当前配电网单相接地故障精确定位问题,通过采用网络故障时测量点处的电压预存信息,同时利用故障中馈线出口处测得的零序电压和零序电流信号,提出了一种采用差分进化算法的基于阻抗模型故障特征匹配的配电网单相接地故障测距的新方法。该方法基于系统阻抗模型定义了系统故障特征适应度指标,利用枚举法确定故障分支线路,并采用差分进化算法精确定位故障位置。中石化西北油田艾丁变10 k V线路配电网仿真结果表明了所提出的配电网单相接地故障测距方法的有效性。展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81771373Key Research and Development Plan of Zibo City,No.2019ZC010169 and No.2019ZC010166.
文摘BACKGROUND Multiple system atrophy(MSA) is a serious progressive neurodegenerative disease. Early diagnosis of MSA is very difficult, and diagnostic biomarkers are limited. Growth differentiation factor 15(GDF15) is involved in the differentiation and progression of the central nervous system, and is widely distributed in peripheral blood, which may be a novel biomarker for MSA.AIM To determine serum GDF15 levels, related factors and their potential diagnostic value in MSA patients, compared with Parkinson’s disease(PD) patients and healthy controls.METHODS A case-control study was conducted, including 49 MSA patients, 50 PD patients and 50 healthy controls. Serum GDF15 levels were measured by human enzymelinked immunosorbent assay, and the differences between the MSA, PD and control groups were analyzed. Further investigations were performed in different MSA subgroups according to age of onset, sex, clinical subtypes, diagnostic criteria, and disease duration. Receiver-operating characteristic curve analysiswas used to evaluate the diagnostic value of GDF15, especially for the differential diagnosis between MSA and PD.RESULTS Serum GDF15 levels were significantly higher in MSA patients than in PD patients and healthy controls(P = 0.000). Males and those with a disease duration of more than three years showed higher serum GDF15 levels(P = 0.043 and 0.000;respectively). Serum GDF15 levels may be a potential diagnostic biomarker for MSA patients compared with healthy controls and PD patients(cutoff: 470.42 pg/m L, sensitivity: 85.7%, specificity: 88.0%;cutoff: 1075.91 pg/m L, sensitivity:51.0%, specificity: 96.0%;respectively).CONCLUSION Serum GDF15 levels are significantly higher in MSA patients and provide suggestions on the etiology of MSA.
文摘This paper deals with the development of sample characteristics of wage distribution in recent years in the Czech Republic by the highest educational attainment. Gross monthly wage is the variable investigated. We distinguish the following scale of the highest educational attainment： primary and incomplete education, secondary education without GCSE, secondary education with GCSE, higher vocational and bachelor education and tertiary education. Forecasts of wage distribution have been developed for the next two years for all of these categories. Three-parametric lognormal curve formed the basis of the theoretical probability distribution. Parameter values of relevant three-parametric lognormal curves were then estimated using the method of L-moments of parameter estimation. Forecasts of sample values of L-moments were calculated using trend analysis of their past development and the parameters of three-parametric Iognormal curves for forecasts of wage distribution were calculated using the predicted values of the first three sample L-moments. We have obtained the forecasts of wage distribution by the highest educational attainment on the basis of these probability density functions.
文摘单相接地故障是配电网最常发生的故障,准确而快速地确定配电网单相接地故障位置对排除系统故障,减少事故损失具有非常重要的作用。针对当前配电网单相接地故障精确定位问题,通过采用网络故障时测量点处的电压预存信息,同时利用故障中馈线出口处测得的零序电压和零序电流信号,提出了一种采用差分进化算法的基于阻抗模型故障特征匹配的配电网单相接地故障测距的新方法。该方法基于系统阻抗模型定义了系统故障特征适应度指标,利用枚举法确定故障分支线路,并采用差分进化算法精确定位故障位置。中石化西北油田艾丁变10 k V线路配电网仿真结果表明了所提出的配电网单相接地故障测距方法的有效性。
