Coherent beam combination of adaptive fiber laser array with tilt-tip and phase-locking control

We present an experimental study on tilt-tip（TT） and phase-locking（PL） control in a coherent beam combination（CBC） system of adaptive fiber laser array.The TT control is performed using the adaptive fiber-optics collimator（AFOC）,and the PL control is realized by the phase modulator（PM）.Cascaded and simultaneous controls of TT and PL using stochastic parallel gradient descent（SPGD） algorithm are investigated in this paper.Two-fiber-laser-,four-fiber-laser-,and six-fiber-laser-arrays are employed to study the TT and PL control.In the cascaded control system,only one high-speed CMOS camera is used to collect beam data and a computer is used as the controller.In a simultaneous control system one high-speed CMOS camera and one photonic detector（PD） are employed,and a computer and a control circuit based on field programmable gate array（FPGA） are used as the controllers.Experimental results reveal that both cascaded and simultaneous controls of TT using AFOC and PL using PM in fiber laser array are feasible and effective.Cascaded control is more effective in static control situation and simultaneous control can be applied to the dynamic control system directly.The control signals of simultaneous PL and TT disturb each other obviously and TT and PL control may compete with each other,so the control effect is limited.

A NOVEL PHASE CONTROL TECHNIQUE FOR INJECTION LOCKED OSCILLATORS

A novel technique to obtain injection locked oscillators phase tuning beyond 180° is demonstrated. The idea is to cascade injection locked oscillators together for phase change accumulation. A two stage injection locked oscillators can theoretically provide a maximum of 360?phase change within the locking range. This is particularly useful for phased array antenna applications.

MICROPROCESSOR BASED PHASELOCKED LOOP SPEED CONTROL SYSTEM FOR AC MOTOR

In this paper the authors present an analysis and the implementation of microprocessor-baseddigital phase-locked loop speed control system for an induction motor which is actuated by aSPWM-GTR inverter.The system is controlled by a 16-bit single chip microprocessor.A new type of frequency and phase detector is presented in detail,An adaptive method isadopted in speed controller.A three mode control scheme is used.These techniques are very use-ful to the improvement of the dynamic behavior of digital AC motor drive system.Experimental results show that the system is of good stability,high precision and good dynam-ic performance.

Volar locking distal radius plates show better short-term results than other treatment options: A prospective randomised controlled trial

AIM To compare the outcomes of displaced distal radius fractures treated with volar locking plates and with immediate postoperative mobilisation with the outcomes of these fractures treated with modalities that necessitate 6 wk wrist immobilisation.METHODS A prospective, randomised controlled single-centre trial was conducted with 56 patients who had a displaced radius fracture were randomised to treatment either with a volar locking plate(n = 29), or another treatment modality(n = 27; cast immobilisation with or without wires or external fixator). Outcomes were measured at 12 wk. Functional outcome scores measured were the Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation(PRWE) Score; Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand and activities of daily living(ADLs). Clinical outcomes were wrist range of motion and grip strength. Radiographic parameters were volar inclination and ulnar variance.RESULTS Patients in the volar locking plate group had significantly better PRWE scores, ADL scores, grip strength and range of extension at three months compared with the control group. All radiological parameters were significantly better in the volar locking plate group at 3 mo. CONCLUSION The present study suggests that volar locking plates produced significantly better functional and clinical outcomes at 3 mo compared with other treatment modalities. Anatomical reduction was significantly more likely to be preserved in the plating group. Level of evidence: Ⅱ.

The Development of a Fuzzy Predictive Control System for Automotive Anti-lock Braking System

This paper presents the model of one-tire kinetics、tires、the braking system and the model of control system.On virtual road,this paper builds a fuzzy predictive control system to insure the best attachment coefficient between tires and road. And it turns out to be that this fuzzy predictive control method has achieved good performances.

基于改进正交锁相环的永磁同步电机无位置传感器控制

针对传统正交锁相环(QPLL)应用于永磁同步电机无位置传感器控制中存在的反转失效与加、减速工况下出现显著的转子位置直流偏移误差问题,该文提出一种改进的正交锁相环(IQPLL)。其通过重构鉴相器环节,使得鉴相器的输出与永磁同步电机的转向不再相关,从而解决传统QPLL在电机反转时估算转子位置出现180°偏差的问题。此外,在新型鉴相器结构下,设计前馈环路以补偿加、减速工况下的位置直流偏移误差。并建立了IQPLL的小信号模型,根据系统的频率响应特性给出了IQPLL的参数设计方法。实验结果表明,相对于传统的QPLL,所提出的IQPLL可实现永磁同步电机无位置传感器控制正、反转稳定运行,并有效抑制了加、减速工况下的转子位置直流偏移误差。

Novel Control Strategy for Multi-Level Active Power Filter without Phase-Locked-Loop

Active power filter (APF) using novel virtual line-flux-linkage oriented control strategy can not only realizes no phase-locked-loop (PLL) control, but also achieves a good inhibitory effect to interfere. However, there are some problems in the conventional method, such as the error of amplitude, the shift of phase angle and the non-determinacy of initial oriented angle. In this paper, two one-order low-pass filters are adopted instead of the pure integrator in the virtual line-flux-linkage observer, which can steady the phase and amplitude. Furthermore, an original scheme of harmonics detection under the rotating coordinate is advanced based on the simplified space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) strategy. Meanwhile, by using the new SVPWM algorithm, the voltage space vector diagram of the three-level inverter can be simplified and applied into that of two-level inverter, and this makes the control for Neutral Point potential easier.

汽车电子机械制动系统的ABS自抗扰控制

为解决传统车辆液压制动系统响应滞后、ABS存在滑移率非线性等问题,设计了一种“行星齿轮减速机构+滚珠丝杠+活塞”的电子机械制动执行器方案,提出一种基于滑移率的ABS自抗扰控制策略,使电子机械制动系统能够快速、准确地调节各个车轮的制动力,有效满足ABS的要求。运用Matlab/Simulink验证执行器的响应性能,分别在2种路面工况下进行ABS制动过程的仿真。研究结果表明:自抗扰控制对于系统内外部扰动具有较强的鲁棒性,能保证车辆的前、后轮滑移率更快稳定在目标滑移率处,有效减少了车辆的制动时间与制动距离。

对称故障下变流器控制对差动保护影响及优化策略

变流器输出故障特征的强可控性给交流系统继电保护带来了严峻挑战。该文分析并网线路发生对称故障时跟网型变流器的控制响应过程,从故障期间变流器电流控制目标不能自动匹配故障回路功率需求的角度,分析推导变流器网侧电压相位发生跳变并不断旋转的变化特征。受故障回路阻抗约束,变流器输出短路电流相位与网侧电压相位同步变化,造成并网线路差动保护性能严重下降。基于变流器网侧电压相位变化机理,从电流控制目标与锁相环控制两个维度,提出兼顾保护需求和供电需求的变流器控制优化策略。仿真结果表明,并网线路对称故障时所提策略能有效抑制两侧电流相位差,显著提升了差动保护动作性能。

变电所门的设计要点简析

梳理变电所门的主要作用和设置要点;介绍变电所门的常见的“机械锁”和“门禁”两种形式的管理方式;结合气体灭火系统的特点,分别对两种管理方式下变电所的外门和相邻变电所之间双向开启弹簧门的特点进行分析,提出一种验证灭火剂喷射时能否顶开变电所门的公式,并结合气体灭火系统的要求提出合理建议;最后,分析低压柜长度对门设置的影响并提出建议。

Dual-Delay-Path Ring Oscillator with Self-Biased Delay Cells for Clock Generation

This work summarizes the structure and operating features of a high-performance 3-stage dual-delay-path (DDP) voltage-controlled ring oscillator (VCRO) with self-biased delay cells for Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) structurebased clock generation and digital system driving. For a voltage supply VDD = 1.8 V, the resulting set of performance parameters include power consumption PDC = 4.68 mW and phase noise PN@1MHz = -107.8 dBc/Hz. From the trade-off involving PDC and PN, a system level high performance is obtained considering a reference figure-of-merit ( FoM = -224 dBc/Hz ). Implemented at schematic level by applying CMOS-based technology (UMC L180), the proposed VCRO was designed at Cadence environment and optimized at MunEDA WiCkeD tool.

应用于TDC电路的低相噪电荷泵锁相环

基于SMIC 0.18μm CMOS工艺实现了一种低相位噪声的四级差分延迟振荡器结构锁相环。通过增加额外的充、放电支路和单位增益放大器优化电荷泵结构,有效减少锁相环电路中的时钟馈通、电荷共享等非理想因素,同时采用重定时结构的反馈回路消除了电路中噪声的积累。测试结果表明,当输入参考频率为40 MHz时,锁相环的输出中心频率在5μs内稳定到960 MHz,相位噪声为-125 dBc/Hz@1 MHz,较好解决了传统锁相环结构由于噪声抑制性能差而无法满足高精度时间-数字转换(Time-to-digital conversion,TDC)电路要求的问题。

基于气动控制的蜡模成型实验装置设计与应用

针对手动式蜡模成型实验装置操作耗费人力且锁紧效率低,不便于操作的问题,设计了气动控制的蜡模成型实验装置,以气压为动力源,增设模具快速拆装和锁模机构,实现了气压自动压注的效果。实验表明:设计的气动蜡模成型实验装置成型的蜡模效果好,模具拆装和锁模效率比手动驱动方式提高了近3倍;将该装置应用在实验教学中,提高了学生实验参与度,实验反馈效果好。

基于电容电压全前馈的并网逆变器高鲁棒性稳定控制策略

虽然并网逆变器采用电容电压全前馈控制策略,能够有效抑制电网电压背景谐波对并网电流的影响。但是在弱电网工况环境下,由于锁相环、数字控制延时等因素与电网阻抗相互耦合,导致逆变器稳定较差、在阻抗交截频域中呈现弱无源性,易引发系统谐波振荡甚至失稳问题。鉴于此,该文借助无源性理论和阻抗分析方法,深度揭示了影响系统各频带阻抗特性的主导因素,进而提出了一种基于电容电压全前馈的并网逆变器高鲁棒性稳定控制策略。理论分析表明:所提控制策略不仅能有效地拓宽系统输出阻抗稳定范围,还可以保证改进后的系统输出阻抗具有较高的幅值增益。最后,通过仿真和实验验证了所提控制策略的有效性。

浅谈正畸临床矫治新技术——球托止动定位轻力5s系统

达成精确的转矩表达和稳定的支抗控制是正畸治疗的关键因素,患者在治疗过程中对口腔健康与矫治感受的重视程度日益增长,球面自锁托槽(球托)在一定程度上满足了这两个方面的需求。球面自锁托槽的球面结构可以降低因佩戴矫治器而引起口腔溃疡的概率,并能减少生物膜附着,降低牙龈和牙周疾病的发生概率。与方形托槽相比,球面自锁托槽的脱落率降低了95%。止动定位系统是球面自锁托槽的核心创新点,主要由螺纹系统、螺丝系统和弓丝系统组成。得益于止动定位系统,球面自锁托槽可以去除余隙角,精准表达转矩,使用止锁螺丝时可增强支抗稳定性。止动定位系统搭配了3种特制的细方丝(0.1524 mm×0.6350 mm、0.2032 mm×0.5842 mm、0.2540 mm×0.5588 mm),用轻力排齐的同时可以表达转矩,控制牙根。球托矫治器以黏膜刺激小、脱落率低、转矩表达精准、支抗保有率高、细方丝轻力矫治等特点引起了广泛关注。

110t转炉倾动控制系统改造优化

不锈钢110 t转炉自动化控制系统采用西门子S7-300PLC进行启动、停止、故障等逻辑控制,2套交流西门子变频器完成电机的闭环动态调节,2台电机采用主从控制方式保证负荷平衡。2台变频器与PLC之间采用Profibus-DP通信。主要针对转炉倾动系统运行过程中存在的问题,重点阐述了倾动变频控制系统升级优化改造方案,基于西门子新一代变频器S120为核心升级转炉倾动控制系统,通过组建新的控制方式解决双驱动倾动系统运行中相互拖拽、抱闸控制方式不可靠、转炉点头等问题,提升控制精度,达到增强设备安全稳定运行的目的。实践表明改造优化后的转炉倾动控制系统动态响应速度快,系统安全性更高,能够满足转炉冶炼工艺对于安全性、稳定性、可靠性、高效性、精确性控制的要求。

电网故障下含直驱风电机组的电力系统频率动态响应分析

电网受扰后基于模型解析的频率响应分析对电力系统安全评估与紧急控制具有重要意义。电网发生故障时,直驱风电机组(DDWT)并网点电压幅值跌落引发控制器暂态响应,同时电压相位突变引发锁相暂态响应,锁相暂态响应又通过变流器控制传导产生功率控制误差,可能导致现有以负荷突变场景为对象的频率特性分析产生较大偏差。为此,提出了电网故障下DDWT锁相偏差的量化方法;解析了锁相偏差经DDWT变流器控制的传导路径,提出了锁相暂态响应导致DDWT功率控制误差的机理及其计算方法;建立了电网故障下含DDWT的电力系统频率响应模型,提出了锁相暂态响应影响下系统频率变化率和最大频率偏差的计算方法,解析了电网故障下考虑DDWT功率控制误差的电力系统频率动态响应特性,并通过算例分析验证了所提方法的有效性。

多谐振控制的同步磁阻电机鲁棒预测电流控制系统转矩脉动抑制方法

为抑制同步磁阻电机的转矩脉动并提高系统的鲁棒性,文中提出了一种基于多谐振速度环控制与自抗扰电流环的复合控制策略。由于同步磁阻电机的磁阻变化不均匀,从而导致电机电感随着磁饱和与交叉耦合效应变化,一方面,电感参数的变化会给电流环控制带来影响;另一方面,电感参数的变化还会引起转矩的脉动。因此提出基于多比例谐振的速度环控制策略,以抑制同步磁阻电机的转矩谐波。基于超局部模型的无差拍电流预测控制,利用改进的锁相环观测器对下一拍的电流和扰动进行预测,在电机参数变化时可以很好地实现电流的跟踪,从而提高系统的抗干扰能力。

基于主动式阻尼的混合式步进电机转速振荡抑制控制

混合式步进电机因其特殊的机械结构导致自身阻尼极小,在实际运行过程中会发生振荡过大,甚至失步的问题。为提高混合式步进电机的控制品质,提出一种基于主动式阻尼的步进电机转速振荡抑制方法。首先,将电机模型转化至同步旋转dq坐标系,将电流i_d控制恒为额定电流,利用位置误差和速度误差调节电流i_q生成瞬时转矩,抑制电机运行时存在的振荡现象。其次,为实现电机闭环反馈控制,提出一种将同步频率提取滤波器(SFF)与三阶锁相环(PLL~3rd)相结合的无传感器控制方法。SFF可以滤除反电动势信号中的高次谐波,PLL~3rd能消除转速变化过程中的稳态误差。实验证明,该方法有效抑制了步进电机运行过程中的振荡现象,提升了电机的运行品质。

低抖动电荷泵锁相环设计及其Simulink建模仿真

随着集成电路工艺技术的进步,电路工作频率越来越高,对时钟信号的抖动和相噪也提出了更高的要求。针对锁相环电路参数多、结构复杂、瞬态仿真耗时长等问题,通过建立电荷泵锁相环系统环路数学模型,并运用MATLAB/Simulink对其进行负反馈系统建模,实现对电荷泵锁相环的快速动态仿真。在TSMC 65 nm CMOS工艺节点下,完成了锁相环的电路设计、版图绘制、物理验证并提取寄生参数及后仿真,得到一款典型值:输入频率为30 MHz,锁定频率1.5 GHz的低抖动电荷泵锁相环。后仿真结果表明该PLL电路性能指标良好,在典型值条件下,PLL的锁定时间为10μs,锁定时峰峰值抖动为2.68 ps,时钟信号占空比为45%。