Synthesis of nickel ferrite precursors from low grade nickel matte

Fine nickel ferrite precursors NiFe2（C204）3·6H2O were obtained via co-precipitation method with low grade nickel matte as the raw material. Thermodynamic analysis of NiClz-FeC12-（NH4）2C204-H20 system for precipitation identified that the theoretical optimum co-precipitation pH value is 2, and C2O2 has strong complexation with Ni2＋ and Fe2＋ ions. Based on these theoretical considerations, the effects of parameters on the precipitation rates and precursors size were investigated systematically. The results show that the optimum co-precipitation conditions are pH=2, temperature 45 ℃, 1.2 times theoretical amount of （NH4）2C204 dosage and 3% PEG400 addition. Under these conditions, the precipitation rates of Ni2＋ and Fe2＋ are both over 99.8%, with the precursors size of 1-2 urn. Furthermore, X-ray diffraction （XRD） and thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis （TG-DTA） demonstrate that the precursors are single-phase solid solution, wherein the nickel/iron atoms are replaced by the iron/nickel atoms reciprocally.

Extraction of valuable metals from low nickel matte by calcified roasting-acid leaching process

A calcified roasting-acid leaching process was developed as a highly effective method for the extraction of valuable metals from low nickel matte in the presence of CaO additive. The influences of process parameters on the metal extraction were studied, including the roasting temperature, roasting time, addition of CaO, H2SO4 concentration and liquid-solid ratio. Under the optimum condition, 94.2% of Ni, 98.1% of Cu, 92.2% of Co and 89.3% of Fe were recovered. Additionally, 99.6% of Fe was removed from the leachate as goethite by a subsequent goethite iron precipitation process. The behavior and mechanism of CaO additive in the roasting process was clarified. The role of CaO is to prevent the formation of nonferrous metal ferrite phases by a preferential reaction with Fe2O3 during the roasting process. The metal oxides(Cu O and NixCu1-xO) remained stable during high-temperature roasting and were subsequently efficiently leached using a sulfuric acid solution.

Efficient and selective recovery of Ni, Cu, and Co from low-nickel matte via a hydrometallurgical process

Low-nickel matte was intensively characterized, and Ni, Cu, and Co were determined to exist mainly as (Fe,Ni)9S8and FeNi3, Cu5FeS4, and (Fe,Ni)9S8and Fe3O4(in isomorphic form), respectively. The efficient and selective extraction of Ni, Cu, and Co from the low-nickel matte in an (NH4)2S2O8/NH3·H2O solution system was studied. The effects of (NH4)2S2O8and NH3·H2O concentrations, leaching time, and leaching temperature on the metal extraction efficiency were systematically investigated. During the oxidative ammonia leaching process, the metal extraction efficiencies of Ni 81.07%, Cu 93.81%, and Co 71.74% were obtained under the optimal conditions. The relatively low leaching efficiency of Ni was mainly ascribed to NiFe alloy deactivation in ammonia solution. By introducing an acid pre-leaching process into the oxidative ammonia leaching process, we achieved the high extraction efficiencies of 98.03%, 99.13%, and 85.60% for the valuable metals Ni, Cu, and Co, respectively, from the low-nickel matte. © 2017, University of Science and Technology Beijing and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

ANINTELLIGENT DECISION SUPPORTSYSTEM（IDSS） ONTHEPROCESSOFNICKELMATTESMELTER

This paper describes the structure and function of the intelligent decision support system (IDSS) on the process of nickel matte smelter. The knowledge and model base system based on fuzzy-decision rules ale specially suggested. The IDSS possesses the self-learning and adaptive properties, andhas been used for managing and analyzing the production information, optimizing the composition of the charge mixture, and deciding the optimal operational conditions. Electric energy consumption has been reduced remarkably and the yield of nickel has been increased.

FUZZY ADAPTIVE CONTROL MODEL FOR PROCESS IN NICKEL MATTE SMELTING FURNACE

ＦＵＺＺＹＡＤＡＰＴＩＶＥＣＯＮＴＲＯＬＭＯＤＥＬＦＯＲＰＲＯＣＥＳＳＩＮＮＩＣＫＥＬＭＡＴＴＥＳＭＥＬＴＩＮＧＦＵＲＮＡＣＥＭｅｉ，ＣｈｉＰｅｎｇ，ＸｉａｏｑｉＺｈｏｕ，Ｊｉｅｍｉｎ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＡｐｐｌｉｅｄＰｈｙｓｉｃｓａｎｄＨｅａ...

Experiment Research on the Enrichment of Precious Metals from Nickel-copper-iron Matte

According to the chemical and phase composition of the nickel-copper-iron matte containing precious metals and the progress in enrichment of precious metals from the nickel-copper-iron matte containing precious metals at home and abroad, this paper put forward the process route of enrichment of precious metals and selectively leaching of base metals from the nickel-copper-iron matte by sulfuric acid and sodium hypochlorite. The effects of particle size, leaching temperature, leaching time, amount of sulfuric acid and sodium hypochlorite on the leaching rate of nickel, cobalt, copper and iron are mainly discussed. The results show that raw material particle size has significantly effects on the leaching rate of base metals, high leaching rate of base metals and enrichment of precious metals are obtained with the suitable particle size. Through the experiments, the reasonable experiment parameters and conditions were determined as fellows: particle size of-200 to +250 mesh, leaching temperature 95℃ , leaching time 5 h, sulfuric acid concentration 30%, adding amount of sodium hypochlorite 3 times of matte weight. Under these experiment parameters and conditions, the leaching rate of nickel, cobalt, copper and iron were 97.39%, 96.24%, 98.30% and 99.01%, respectively. The content of nickel, cobalt, copper, iron in the leaching residues was 8.15%, 0.23%, 1.40% and 0.24%, respectively. The content of Pt, Pd, Au, Ag and Rh in the leaching residues was 247 g/t, 521 g/t, 112 g/t, 494 g/t and 24 g/t, respectively. The content of Pt, Pd, Au, Ag and Rh in the leaching solution was <0.0005 g/L, 0.0023 g/L, 0.0007 g/L, <0.0005 g/L and 0.00017 g/L, respectively. This process has advantages as follows: a small investment, simple technology, high enrichment efficiency.

Electrolysis of Converter Matte in Molten CaCl₂-NaCl

The electrolytic production of nickel-copper alloy by electrochemical reduction of converter matte in molten salt has been investigated. The sintered solid porous pellets of Ni3S2, Cu2S and converter matte were electrolyzed at a voltage of 3.0 V in molten CaCl2-NaCl under the protection of argon gas at 700℃, respectively. The electro-reduction processes were investigated and the products were characterized. The results show that the molten salt electro-reduction process can be used to produce nickel, copper and nickel-copper alloy directly from Ni3S2, Cu2S and converter matte precursors in molten CaCl2-NaCl, respectively. CaS would be formed as the intermediate compound during the electro-reduction process, and then the formed CaS can be gradually decomposed and removed with the increase of the electrolysis time. The experimental results show that the molten salt electro-reduction process has the potential to be used for the reduction of sulfide minerals in molten CaCl2-NaCl.

Enhancement of the nickel converter slag-cleaning operation with the addition of spent potlining

The slag cleaning(or matte settling) process was experimentally investigated at 1573 K using a fayalitic nickel converter slag containing spinel and matte/alloy particles.The addition of various amounts of spent potlining(SPL) was studied in terms of its influence on matte settling and the overall metal recoveries.The slags produced were characterized by scanning electron microscopy,energy-dispersive spectroscopy,and wet chemical analysis using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry.The presence of solid spinel particles in the molten slag hindered coalescence and settling of matte/alloy droplets.Matte settling was effectively promoted with the addition of as little as 2 wt% SPL because of the reduction of spinel by the carbonaceous component of the SPL.The reduced viscosity of the molten slag in the presence of SPL also contributed to the accelerated matte settling.Greater metal recoveries were achieved with larger amounts of added SPL.Fast reduction of the molten slag at 1573 K promoted the formation of highly dispersed metal particles/clusters via accelerated nucleation in the molten slag,which increased the overall slag viscosity.This increase in viscosity,when combined with rapid gas evolution from accelerated reduction reactions,led to slag foaming.

高冰镍氨法浸出及制备电池级硫酸镍的技术研究

针对高冰镍硫酸浸出制备电池级硫酸镍工艺对设备及操作条件要求高、净化除杂流程长等问题,对高冰镍氨法浸出及利用氨浸液制备电池级硫酸镍的技术路线进行研究。研究结果表明:在(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4)-NH_(3)-H_(2)O体系下,控制镍与总氨物质的量比为1:6,反应温度为60℃,液固比为7.5:1,氧分压为2 MPa,反应时间为2 h,对某红土镍矿型高冰镍进行一段浸出,镍浸出率达99.14%,且得到镍质量浓度为90.018 g/L、其余杂质元素质量浓度均低于0.95 g/L的氨浸液;以LIX 54-100为萃取剂,控制体积用量、有机相与液相体积比及萃取时间对氨浸液进行四级萃取除杂,可将其中的杂质元素高效去除,而镍损失率低于2.3%;对第四级萃余液进行蒸氨补酸、过滤、滤液结晶、热解、溶解调pH结晶后制备的硫酸镍产品符合电池工业用精制硫酸镍(GB/T 26524—2023Ⅰ类)标准,该技术具有效率高、流程短及能耗低等特点。

高冰镍浸出渣还原浸出工艺研究

以湿法冶炼高冰镍过程中产生的高冰镍浸出渣为研究对象,采用二氧化硫对高冰镍渣加压还原浸出,考察了初始硫酸浓度、液固比、通气方式、浸出温度和浸出时间对高冰镍渣还原浸出过程铜、铁行为的影响;对还原浸出液采用置换沉淀和冷冻结晶的方法,对还原浸出中铜和铁进行分离回收。结果表明:在初始硫酸浓度100 g/L、液固比6 mL/g、反应时间3 h、反应温度90℃、二氧化硫分压0.15 MPa的条件下,铁和铜的浸出率分别为99.35%、77.46%,浸出液中铁几乎全部为亚铁离子;在硫酸含量20~30 g/L、温度70℃、铁粉加入量5.7 g/L、反应时间40 min的条件下,对还原浸出液进行置换沉铜,沉铜率达到了99.70%,渣含铜为67.91%。在温度—10℃、保温时间20~30 min、初始硫酸浓度100 g/L的条件下,对沉铜后液进行冷冻结晶制备硫酸亚铁,铁沉淀率达到了72.6%,七水硫酸亚铁纯度达到了92.93%。

缓冷条件对高镍锍铜镍浮选分离的影响

由于金川镍原料成分的变化,造成高镍锍含铜升高,打破了磨浮系统的平衡状态,导致铜精矿和镍精矿金属互含较高。浮选产品的质量优劣取决于镍矿物和铜矿物晶体的大小和镶嵌关系,而晶体的大小和镶嵌关系又受保温缓冷条件的影响,因此,有必要探究保温缓冷条件对高镍锍浮选行为的影响规律。试验研究表明,在高镍锍物相结晶的温度区间内,适当延长缓冷时间,可改善辉铜矿和锍镍矿的浮选分离效果。在适宜的缓冷控温条件下,1次浮选可获得Cu品位53.9%、Cu回收率86.1%的铜精矿,Ni品位66.2%、Ni回收率81.5%的镍精矿,与原样品浮选相比,指标得到显著改善。机理研究表明,控温缓冷后的样品中辉铜矿晶粒尺寸和磨矿单体解离度增大是取得较好浮选效果的根本原因。

Nickel leaching from low-grade nickel matte using aqueous ferric chloride solution

Nickel leaching from low-grade nickel matte(LGNM) using aqueous ferric chloride solution was studied.The influence of factors such as leaching temperature and concentration of ferric chloride on the nickel leaching ratio was investigated.The results show that increasing leaching temperature and concentration of ferric chloride increases the nickel leaching ratio.The overall nickel leaching process follows the unreacted shrinking core model,and the surface chemical reaction is the rate-controlling step.The activation energy and the reaction order of the nickel leaching process,controlled by the surface chemical reaction,were calculated to be 52.96 kJ mol^(-1)and 0.5,respectively.Therefore,the kinetics equation for the nickel leaching was found to be 1-(1-α)^(1/3)=7.18×10~4C^(0.5)exp[-52,960/(RT)]t.

保温缓冷条件对金川集团镍冶炼厂高镍锍结晶性能的影响

高镍锍在分选过程中存在铜镍矿物结晶粒度小,金属互含高等难题。金川集团镍冶炼厂为了改善铜、镍分选效果,提高产品质量,开展了高镍锍保温缓冷试验,并通过TG-DSC测试、粒径统计、MLA以及SEM检测,分析了缓冷条件对高镍锍结晶性能的影响。研究结果表明,辉铜矿的生长情况影响高镍锍中辉铜矿和锍镍矿互含情况,在最佳缓冷条下可得到晶粒粒度+74μm占比98%以上的辉铜矿晶体;SEM检测表明,最佳缓冷样品中辉铜矿区域Ni含量0.3%,硫镍矿Cu含量2.6%;MLA检测表明,最佳缓冷条件下,样品中辉铜矿和锍镍矿的单体解离度分别为93.97%和86.58%,与现场样品相比,控温缓冷后样品的性能得到了显著改善。

多金属硫基镍资源加压浸出

多金属硫基镍资源富含镍、钴、铜,以及金、银、铂、钯等贵金属,其综合回收价值显著。加压浸出技术能有效促进这些金属离子溶解于溶液中,为后续的分离提纯创造条件,对镍冶金领域具有重大应用价值。深入研究多金属硫基镍资源加压浸出的冶金机理及多金属迁移路径,对于提升金属回收率、优化物料平衡及促进技术革新至关重要。依托赞比亚某硫化镍精矿、云南某高镍锍及新疆某硫基镍渣的加压浸出的工业实例,剖析了在加压浸出过程中镍、钴、铜、铁,以及金、银、铂、钯等贵金属的溶出特性和反应原理,探讨了基于加压浸出的多组份分离提取工艺方案,旨在为加压浸出工艺的设计优化提供数据支持与理论指导,推动多金属硫基镍资源高效、清洁、可持续综合利用。

高镍锍在氨性溶液中浸出及氧化行为研究

高镍锍是重要的铜镍冶炼中间产品。为了剖析其氧化过程的界面反应机理,本文研究了高镍锍在氨性溶液中的浸出原理及氧化行为。利用XRD、SEM、EDS等表征手段对高镍锍样品进行矿相识别,检测到含有六方硫化镍(Ni_(3)S_(2))、辉铜矿(Cu_(2)S)、磁铁矿(Fe_(3)O_(4))和镍铁合金(Ni_(3)Fe)。研究了暴露空气中和阳极极化条件下的高镍锍在氨性溶液中的浸出行为,采用金相显微镜观察高镍锍表面浸出前后的变化,利用XPS分析了浸出产物的组成。浸出结果显示Ni_(3)S_(2)、Cu_(2)S先后发生氧化,在原物相表面形成氧化层。利用工作界面对单矿相的锥形电极和多矿相电极进行阳极极化对比实验,Ni_(3)S_(2)在0 V(vs.SCE)附近开始发生氧化,先分解成NiS_(2)、Ni^(2+)和S^(0),NiS_(2)又进一步分解为Ni^(2+)和S^(0)。Cu_(2)S在0.3 V(vs.SCE)附近发生氧化,生成CuS和Cu_(2)O,在提高电位后进一步氧化生成Cu_(2)O、Cu(OH)_(2)、S^(0)。

红土镍矿制备高镍锍技术研究进展

伴随新能源行业的快速发展,镍作为能源金属备受关注。高品位硫化镍矿日益减少,如何高效开发和利用红土镍矿再次成为研究的热点。分析了红土镍矿镍铁硫化工艺和富氧侧吹工艺制备高镍锍的应用研究现状,对未来红土镍矿生产高镍锍需注意的问题及未来发展进行了展望。与已产业化的镍铁硫化工艺相比,富氧侧吹工艺使用廉价煤资源,具有原料适应性广、投资强度低、运营成本低等优势。综合来看,该工艺处理红土镍矿生产高镍锍非常有竞争力。富氧侧吹工艺目前在处理红土镍矿方面的应用还处于中试阶段,相较于已工业化的镍铁硫化工艺,该工艺生产高镍锍仍然需要开展大量的工程试验工作。

有色矿冶产品固体废物属性鉴别方法

有色矿冶产品固体废物鉴别的关键在于判断物料的生产来源,常规的鉴别手段一般要求联合使用多台大型设备。以镍锍化矿石及粗制氧化锌为例,利用Maps Mineralogy矿物分析方法分析了试样的固体废物属性,并与基于成分分析和物相分析的常规检测方法进行了对比。结果表明:Maps Mineralogy矿物分析方法可以更直观地判断试样的来源及加工工艺,在固体废物属性判别领域有着较好的应用前景。

红土镍矿富氧侧吹生产镍锍的工艺浅析

镍作为重要的战略金属,广泛应用于三元动力电池等产业。在三元动力电池的高镍化发展对镍原料需求旺盛的大背景下,随着优质硫化镍矿资源日益匮乏,对红土镍矿资源实现绿色高效提取,可开辟新的镍产业布局,对于促进新能源产业可持续发展具有积极意义。火法冶炼工艺具有流程短,对原料适用性强等优势,现已逐渐成为红土镍矿主流处理工艺。简要介绍了还原熔炼制备镍铁和还原硫化熔炼制备镍锍,并分析存在的优缺点,重点阐述采用富氧侧吹还原硫化熔炼生产镍锍,对绿色高效提取红土镍矿资源提出可行性建议。

红土镍矿资源现状及加工工艺综述

综合论述了世界红土镍矿的资源概况和利用现状,分析了我国对镍的需求情况,对红土镍矿的处理方法和目前有前景的加工工艺进行了较为详细的阐述和分析。

高冰镍氯气浸出基础研究──浸出过程热力学

高冰镍氯气浸出基础研究──浸出过程热力学杨显万，李敦钫，何蔼平，刘中华（昆明工学院，昆明６５００９３）１前言高冰镍氯气浸出过程的热力学，国内外有人作过一些工作。早在七十年代就有人利用Ｎｉ２＋活度系数在氯盐水溶液中随溶液离子强度的升高而显著上升的特性，...