Fuzzy topological relations between fuzzy spatial objects

Fuzziness is an internal property of spatial objects.How to model fuzziness of a spatial object is a main task of next generation GIS.This paper proposes basic fuzzy spatial object types based on fuzzy topology.These object types are the natural extension of current nonfuzzy spatial object types.A fuzzy cell complex structure is defined for modeling fuzzy regions,lines and points.Furthermore,fuzzy topological relations between these fuzzy spatial objects are formalized based on the 9intersection approach.This model can be implemented for GIS applications due to its scientific theory basis.

Correlation, Principal Component and Grey Relation Analysis of Sweetpotato Root Biological Traits

[Objective] This study was conducted to explore the internal relationship among root biological traits of sweetpotato, as well as the regularity in their formation and differentiation. [Method] The root traits of 10 sweetpotato cultivars were measured through hydroponic culture in a greenhouse and field survey, and then their correlations were analyzed by statistical methods. [Result] The root morphological traits of sweetpotato at seedling stage such as projected area, surface area, average diameter and volume processed the highest contribution rate （80.56%） 10 d after transplanting, and the contribution rate of root average diameter reached 27.79% 20 d after transplanting. Storage root fresh weight per plant shared extremely significant positive correlations with storage root fresh weight of penultimate node and storage root fresh weight of antepenultimate node, and a significant positive corre- lation with commercial storage root number, and a significant negative correlation with storage root number of penultimate node. Among them, the correlation coeffi- cient of storage root fresh weight per plant with storage root fresh weight of antepenultimate node was the highest （0.659 5）. Fifteen days after transplanting, storage root fresh weight per plant had significant negative correlations with root projected area, surface area and volume. There was a significant positive correlation between root dry weight and storage root fresh weight per plant 25 d after transplanting. Root dry weight, volume, length, average diameter of sweetpotato seedlings had higher relational degrees with storage root fresh weight per plant. Ten and twenty days after transplanting were important time for the growth and differentiation of sweetpotato roots. In addition, node length and planting depth had certain influence on sweetpotato yield, and direct relationship existed between the seedling root biological traits and storage root yield of sweetpotato. [Conclusion] The results provide theoretical support for standard cultivation and new variety breeding of sweetpotato.

Chemical composition and quantitative relationship between meteorological condition and fine particles in Beijing

The recent year's monitor results of Beijing indicated that the pollution level of fine particles PM 2.5 showed an increasing trend. To understand pollution characteristics of PM 2.5 and its relationship with the meteorological conditions in Beijing, a one-year monitoring of PM 2.5 mass concentration and correspondent meteorological parameters was performed in Beijing in 2001. The PM 2.5 levels in Beijing were very high, the annual average PM 2.5 concentration in 2001 was 7 times of the National Ambient Air Quality Standards proposed by US EPA. The major chemical compositions were organics, sulfate, crustals and nitrate. It was found that the mass concentrations of PM 2.5 were influenced by meteorological conditions. The correlation between the mass concentrations of PM 2.5 and the relative humidity was found. And the correlation became closer at higher relative humidity. And the mass concentrations of PM 2.5 were negtive-correlated to wind speeds, but the correlation between the mass concentration of PM 2.5 and wind speed was not good at stronger wind.

Study on Logical Relations amongUnderground Survey Objects Using Quotient Topological Space

A soitable data model and data structure make underground survey objects maintained and operated easier. This paper gives a formal definition for underground survey objects. By making use of the quotient topological space, the author studies the logical relations among underground survey objects, a partiallyordered space uuder some conditions. An example is given to show the data model’s possible applications.

The Evaluation on Ecological Agricultural Development in Sichuan Province on the Basis of Grey Relational Analysis

By using the grey relational model,14 indexes of ecological agricultural development in Sichuan Province from 1997 to 2008 are analyzed.According to the relational degree results,the ecological agricultural development in 12 years can be divided into three stages:the first stage is from 1997 to 2000,with the shape of inverted U;the second stage is from 2001 to 2004,belonging to transition stage with slow growth rate;the third stage is from 2005 to 2008,belonging to the stage of rapid growth.It draws conclusion that per capita grain yield is an important element for evaluating ecological agricultural construction.Besides,reducing the energy consumption of per unit production,improving labor productivity and increasing agricultural science and technology application and input on agricultural infrastructure construction are the engine for developing Sichuan ecological agriculture.

Particle characteristics and rheological constitutive relations of high concentration red mud

Red mud has relatively small solid particles （d50= 13.02 μm） and will flow in paste form under high pressure during pipeline transport. Red mud belongs to a two-phase flow of materials with high viscosity and a high concentration of non-sedimentation, homogeneous solid-liquids. It is difficult to test its rheological properties under atmospheric pressure. Measurements such as rotational viscometry can not reflect the real state of the material when it is flowing in a pipe. Tested rheological parameters are somewhat higher than the actual values. In our investigation, grain shape, distinctive modality and grain size distribution of red mud were tested. Based on the principle of tube measurement, rheological experiments on red mud at different concentrations were carried out by using our independently developed tube-type pressure theology test facility, and obtained constitutive equations. We conclude that red mud behaves as non-Newtonian pseudo-plastic fluid in pipe flows. Its consistency and power-law indices vary considerably with different concentrations.

Time series analysis of correlativity between pulmonary tuberculosis and seasonal meteorological factors based on theory of Human-Environmental Inter Relation

Objective:This paper aims to study the correlativity between the number of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) cases and seasonal meteorological factors in Beijing.Methods:Based on theory of Human-Environmental Inter Relation in Huangdi's Internal Classics,we adopted monthly cases of PTB in Beijing from 2004 to 2011,and established a Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) model.Using the cross-correlation function (CCF),we then analyzed the correlation between meteorological factors and number of infected patients.The related meteorological factors were subsequently integrated,to establish a Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average with explanatory variables (SARIMAX) model,which was used to estimate and verify the number of PTB cases in 2012.Results:In this study,a SARIMA(0,1,1) (0,1,1)12 model was established;CCF analysis was used to reveal the correlativity between PTB and precipitation with 1 lag,relative humidity with 1 lag.Then,integrated with relative humidity with 1 lag (β =2.405,95% confidence interval:0.433-4.377),the SARIMAX prediction model was proved to be an accurate approach for predicting local situations of PTB occurrence.Conclusions:The occurrence of PTB is correlated with seasonal meteorological factors.Combining these factors,an exact prediction model can be established,to estimate of the number of PTB infected patients.

The Precise Representation Model of Topological Relations of Complex Planar Objects

For complex planar objects, which are composed of simple spatial objects, the existent models of topological relations may not be able to describe some topological attributes of complex objects well. Taking the topological content between complex objects into account, this paper presents a model of basic topological relations between line/planar objects, and then in which the basic topological relations and the concept of the overlapping area are leveraged to describe the topological relations of simple planar objects. The definition of traversing of the hole’s boundary and planar with a hole is used to describe the topological relations between complex planar objects. Finally, the five basic topological relationship description modes of complex planar objects are summarized to realize description of the details of topological relations between partitions of complex planar objects.

Application of Linear Thermodynamics to the Atmospheric System.Part Ⅱ: Exemplification of Linear Phenomenological Relations in the Atmospheric System

The linear phenomenological relations in the atmospheric boundary layer are proved indirectly using observational facts to combine linear thermodynamic theory and similarity theory in the boundary layer. Furthermore, it is proved that Ihe turbulent transport coefficients are in proportion to Ihe corresponding linear phenomenological coefficients. But the experimental facts show that the linear phenomenological relations are not (tenable in the atmospheric mixing layer because the turbulenl transport process is an intense non-linear process in the mixing layer. Hence the convection boundary layer is a thermodynamic stale in a non-linear region far from the equilibrium state. The geostrophic wind is a special cross-coupling phenomenon between the dynamic process and the thermodynamic process in the atmospheric system. It is a practical exemplification of a cross-coupling phenomenon in the atmospheric system.

A Relational Sociological Study on the Effects of Uncertainties in the Case of Influenza in Turkey

Health issues, especially global health issues, are important subjects of study for many sociologists. For example, the spread of influenza as a pandemic affects a large number of people and their emotions in terms of fear, becoming a social problem instead of a psychological issue. Because of uncertainties, what is happening and what people should do during global threats is not clear for many people generally and during pandemics specifically. The primary aim of this paper is to show the construction process of fear and risk by conducting a systematic review of former studies about the influenza that occurred in Turkey during the last 10 years. It is assumed that a combination of relational sociology and the sociology of disaster and development will provide an appropriate theoretical framework. In other words, H. White and his uncertainty typology along with A.E. Collins’ classification are both used to define the construction process of fear as a culture, starting with uncertainty and moving to alienation and finally normalization. Findings from this study, which are supported by N. Elias’ and U. Beck’s methodological considerations, revealed that uncertainties may lead to negative consequences, such as alienation. Due to conflicting information, people find themselves in a dilemma and they stop following norms and rules in terms of normlessness. Normlessness, as a sub-division of alienation along with meaningless, might result in negative actions, such as not getting vaccinated. Liminality, turning points and footing are also used to describe the construction process of fear and risk. Results also showed that over a 10-year period many things are normalized and people no longer panic as easily.

Tunable dispersion relations manipulated by strain in skyrmion-based magnonic crystals

We theoretically investigate the propagation characteristics of spin waves in skyrmion-based magnonic crystals. It is found that the dispersion relation can be manipulated by strains through magneto-elastic coupling. Especially, the allowed bands and forbidden bands in dispersion relations shift to higher frequency with strain changing from compressive to tensile,while shifting to lower frequency with strain changing from tensile to compressive. We also confirm that the spin wave with specific frequency can pass the magnonic crystal or be blocked by tuning the strains. The result provides an advanced platform for studying the tunable skyrmion-based spin wave devices.

An Approach to Reasoning Topological Relations Between Areal Objects Under Randomness

This paper describes the geometric and statistical properties of areal object under randomness. In order to describe formally such a uncertain topological relation, a new formal model (i.e. 4ID model) is proposed. On the basis of this, the effects of positional uncertainty on topological relations between areal objects are investigated in detail. Some possibility functions for the determination of relations are constructed based on the assumption that randomness of point location complies with a normal distribution, and the concept of uncertain sets of topological relations under randomness is introduced.

Understanding the Relationship Between Shrinking Cities and Land Prices:Spatial Pattern,Effectiveness,and Policy Implications

Urban shrinkage has emerged as a widespread phenomenon globally and has a significant impact on land,particularly in terms of land use and price.This study focuses on 2851 county-level cities in China in 2005–2018(excluding Hong Kong,Macao,Taiwan,and‘no data’areas in Qinhai-Tibet Plateau)as the fundamental units of analysis.By employing nighttime light(NTL)data to identify shrinking cities,the propensity score matching(PSM)model was used to quantitatively examine the impact of shrinking cities on land prices,and evaluate the magnitude of this influence.The findings demonstrate the following:1)there were 613 shrinking cities in China,with moderate shrinkage being the most prevalent and severe shrinkage being the least.2)Regional disparities are evident in the spatial distribution of shrinking cities,especially in areas with diverse terrain.3)The spatial pattern of land price exhibits a significant correlated to the economic and administrative levels.4)Shrinking cities significantly negatively impact on the overall land price(ATT=–0.1241,P<0.05).However,the extent of the effect varies significantly among different spatial regions.This study contributes novel insights into the investigation of land prices and shrinking cities,ultimately serving as a foundation for government efforts to promote the sustainable development of urban areas.

Relationship Between Physiological-biochemical Changes Under Drought Stress and Drought Resistance in Ramie

A study on the physiological-biochemical changes of different ramie(Boehmeria Jacq. ) varieties under drought stress was carried out, the results showed that relative water contents(RWC) decreased and RPP increased with the increase of drought stress. Compared with drought sensitive varieties, drought resistant varieties had higher RWC in leaves but lower RPP. Peroxidase activity of drought-resistance varieties changed from low to high whereas sensitive ones changed in opposite direction. Proline contents of drought sensitive varieties was higher than those of drought resistant ones under a certain degree drought stress. Proline accumulation in drought resistant varieties was faster than that in drought sensitive ones under serious drought stress.MDA contents in leaf was increased under drought stress. MDA contents increased slowly in resistant varieties while that increased rapidly in sensitive ones.

The Four Intersection-and-Difference Model for Line-Line Topological Relations

The description of line-line topological relations is still an unsolved issue although much effort has been done. The problem is involved in many practical applications such as spatial query, spatial analysis and cartographic generalization. To develop a sound and effective approach to describe line-line relations, it is first necessary to define the topology of an individual line, i.e., local topology. The concept of connective degree is used for the identification of topological differences in the geometric structure of a line. The general topological definition of a line is given, i.e., endpoints set and interior point set. This definition can be applied to the embedded spaces of different dimensions, whether co-dimension is equal to or larger than zero. On this basis, a generic model called the 4 intersection-and-difference is set up for the description of basic line-line topological relations, upon which a conceptual neighborhood graph is built with consideration of topological distance, it is concluded that the proposed model can represent the property of topological changes, and basic relations between line segments in IR^1 and IR^2.

Optimization of Tribological Performance of Al-6061T6-15% SiCp-15% Al₂O₃Hybrid Metal Matrix Composites Using Taguchi Method &Grey Relational Analysis

In this investigation, optimization of tribological performance parameters of Al-6061T6 alloy reinforced with SiC (15% by weight) and Al2O3 (15% by weight) particulates having particle size of 37 μm each has been presented. The wear and frictional properties of the hybrid metal matrix composites have been studied by performing dry sliding wear test using pin-on-disc wear tester. A L27 orthogonal array is selected for the analysis of the data. From the test results it is observed that sliding distance has the significant contribution in controlling the friction and wear behaviour of hybrid composites. A confirmation test is also carried out to verify the accuracy of the results obtained through the optimization. In addition an optical micrograph test is also performed on the wear tracks to study the wear mechanism.

Petrological characteristics,geochemical feature and metallogenetic relation of alkaline-rich rocks in northwest of Yunan Province,China

The alkali-rich rocks, spreading along the suture zone of Jingsha River, refer to the alkali-rich porphyry rocks, which emplace during the Himalaya epoch in northwest of Yunnan Province, and consist of syenit, syenit porphyry, monzonite porphyry and granite porphyry. Petrological chemical analysis results suggest that silica is poor and aluminum is rich, and high potassium large ion lithophile elements （LILE）, light rare earth element （LREE） and Sr are obviously detracted in these rocks. High field strength elements （HFSE） and heavy rare earth element （HREE） are depleted, especially Nb, Ta, P and Ti. 8Eu： 0.09--1.64 shows that plagioclase does not appear fractional crystallization during the formation of alkali-rich rocks, t^348, H and O isotopes and Pb isotopes suggest that ore-forming fluid is derived from the mantle, and Pb is possibly mixed by mantle, wall rock and crust. The age of Pb in alkali-rich rocks is about 250-220 Ma. The age of alkali porphyry rock （dykes） varies from 30 Ma to 50 Ma. Alkali rocks have strong metallogenetic relation. Au mineralization is associated to the alkali magrnatic activities with a relatively high temperature, low pressure and high oxygen fugacity. However, copper mineralization is mainly associated with alkali-sub-alkali magmatic activities in a process of relatively low temperature, high pressure and lower oxygen fugacity.

Attention-relation network for mobile phone screen defect classification via a few samples

How to use a few defect samples to complete the defect classification is a key challenge in the production of mobile phone screens.An attention-relation network for the mobile phone screen defect classification is proposed in this paper.The architecture of the attention-relation network contains two modules:a feature extract module and a feature metric module.Different from other few-shot models,an attention mechanism is applied to metric learning in our model to measure the distance between features,so as to pay attention to the correlation between features and suppress unwanted information.Besides,we combine dilated convolution and skip connection to extract more feature information for follow-up processing.We validate attention-relation network on the mobile phone screen defect dataset.The experimental results show that the classification accuracy of the attentionrelation network is 0.9486 under the 5-way 1-shot training strategy and 0.9039 under the 5-way 5-shot setting.It achieves the excellent effect of classification for mobile phone screen defects and outperforms with dominant advantages.

Computer Administering of the Psychological Investigations: Set-Relational Representation

Computer administering of a psychological investigation is the computer representation of the entire procedure of psychological assessments—test construction, test implementation, results evaluation, storage and maintenance of the developed database, its statistical processing, analysis and interpretation. A mathematical description of psychological assessment with the aid of personality tests is discussed in this article. The set theory and the relational algebra are used in this description. A relational model of data, needed to design a computer system for automation of certain psychological assessments is given. Some finite sets and relation on them, which are necessary for creating a personality psychological test, are described. The described model could be used to develop real software for computer administering of any psychological test and there is full automation of the whole process: test construction, test implementation, result evaluation, storage of the developed database, statistical implementation, analysis and interpretation. A software project for computer administering personality psychological tests is suggested.

Study on the correlation between ambient environment-meteorological factors and the number of visits of acute otitis media,Lanzhou,China

To investigate the correlation between environmental-meteorological factors and daily visits for acute otitis media(AOM)in Lanzhou,China.Methods:Data were collected in 2014e2016 by the Departments of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery at two hospitals in Lanzhou.Relevant information,including age,sex and visiting time,was collected.Environmental data included air quality index,PM10,PM2.5,O3,CO,NO2 and SO2,and meteorological data included daily average temperature(T,C),daily mean atmospheric pressure(AP,hPa),daily average relative humidity(RH,%)and daily mean wind speed(W,m/s).The SPSS22.0 software was used to generate Spearman correlation coefficients in descriptive statistical analysis,and the R3.5.0 software was used to calculate relative risk(RR)and to obtain exposure-response curves.The relationship between meteorological-environmental parameters and daily AOM visits was summarized.Results:Correlations were identified between daily AOM visits and CO,O3,SO2,CO,NO2,PM2.5 and PM10 levels.NO2,SO2,CO,AP,RH and T levels significantly correlated with daily AOM visits with a lag exposure-response pattern.The effects of CO,NO2,SO2 and AP on daily AOM visits were significantly stronger compared to other factors(P<0.01).O3,W,T and RH were negatively correlated with daily AOM visits.The highest RR lagged by 3e4 days.Conclusions:The number of daily AOM visits appeared to be correlated with short-term exposure to mixed air pollutants and meteorological factors from 2014 through 2016 in Lanzhou.