The integrated operation mode of green logistics is a new enterprise's logistics operation and management mode concerning, environment issues based on the traditional integrated mode. Through comparative study on the...The integrated operation mode of green logistics is a new enterprise's logistics operation and management mode concerning, environment issues based on the traditional integrated mode. Through comparative study on the integrated operation mode of logistics based on self.operation, the operation mode of an integrated logistics of enterprises based on TPL the green-supply chain management, and the operation mode of eco-iadustrial park (EIP), a relatively complete objective system structure is put forward for the integrated operation mode of green logistics of enterprises. Furthermore, the correspondent practical mode is also set up to help enterprises, especially for the manufacturing companies, not only improve the environment effectively, but support the technological framework for the enterprise's economic performance and social benefits in order to realize economic, social and environmental benefits are concerned.展开更多
Using comparative analysis and logical reasoning methods,in combination with traditional logistics theory and practice,and on the basis of objective demand of modern agricultural development for logistics service,we a...Using comparative analysis and logical reasoning methods,in combination with traditional logistics theory and practice,and on the basis of objective demand of modern agricultural development for logistics service,we analyze features of logistics function.Besides,we discuss functional elements and service contents of agricultural modern logistics.In addition,we explore innovation model of agricultural modern logistics and systematized operation of supply chain.Finally,it is concluded that logistics development shall bring into full play all functional elements and achieve high efficient operation of the system through enhanced management measures.展开更多
The environmental impact has been a critical issue in supply chain network research. Handling it efficiently will help the firm reduce pollution and save cost. In order to improve the environmental effect on this supp...The environmental impact has been a critical issue in supply chain network research. Handling it efficiently will help the firm reduce pollution and save cost. In order to improve the environmental effect on this supply chain network, recovery activity becomes a significant part in the reverse logistics network, due to complexity and heterogeneity. In a reverse logistics network, there are many decision problems to be taken into consideration such as facility location, capacity allocation, production planning and vehicle routing. Each of these problems can be categorized into three types of decision planning: strategic, tactical or operational, based on the time planning horizon. In this paper, we review the literature of supply chain network in an effort to achieve green through implementing reverse logistic practices, and classify the defined problems by the group of decision planning. In general, most of the literatures are focused on the strategic and tactical decision planning, only a few are operational-based. The objective of this paper is to analyze the decision planning being done in this area of research and provide future insights on how to design the reverse logistics network with different decision planning which will reflect the real life scenario.展开更多
In this paper, we conduct research on challenges of cold-chain logistics and combination ways with logistics O2O operation. Because of the cold chain logistics to the high requirement of the equipment, technology as c...In this paper, we conduct research on challenges of cold-chain logistics and combination ways with logistics O2O operation. Because of the cold chain logistics to the high requirement of the equipment, technology as caused the high cost of cold chain logistics. In the overall cost of China’s logistics is on the high side, under the condition of low profi t, many enterprises to enter and don’t have much interest in the field of cold chain logistics. So-called cold chain logistics is frozen food in the production, storage, transportation, sales, remain the regulations to the consumption of each link in the cold chain environment, to ensure the food quality, reduce loss of food and system engineering. Under this basis, we propose the O2O based logistics pattern that will solve the issues well.展开更多
In this paper, we conduct research on the logistics cost and enterprise operation efficiency with the influences on international trade. With the deepening of the reform of the market economic system in our country, a...In this paper, we conduct research on the logistics cost and enterprise operation efficiency with the influences on international trade. With the deepening of the reform of the market economic system in our country, and the advancement of the reform of state-owned enterprises and government function transformation, the company is out of the shackles of the planned economy as the main body of market competition, at the same time, government regulators and investors in a state-owned capital market, all kinds of financial intermediaries and the information intermediary organizations, as well as the associated with the interests of closely linked to the enterprise value creation main body, including business owners and operators have yet to establish a timely to adapt to the market economy system. With this guidance, we propose the novel international trade paradigm for the companies that will enhance the efficiency of the general management.展开更多
With the rapid development of China' s economy and the accelerating pace of economic globalization, the rapid expansion of trade appears in goods, materials; space to move also will expand in breadth and depth, and t...With the rapid development of China' s economy and the accelerating pace of economic globalization, the rapid expansion of trade appears in goods, materials; space to move also will expand in breadth and depth, and thus the efficiency of the logistics activities, rapid response capabilities and the level of information logistics put forward higher requirements. Meanwhile, the logistics needs of personalization, diversification and sophistication, require that logistics service companies must constantly improve and optimize enterprise business model, and target to develop new logistics services to adapt to changes in the logistics market, and improve the competitiveness of enterprises.Modem logistics enterprises refer to the concept of modem logistics as a guide, and the use of modem logistics and organization of modem logistics technology, it is to provide customers help and reduce logistics costs and improve the level of integrated logistics services to rationalize logistics enterprises. Modem logistics enterprises are in terms of philosophy, mode of operation, services, information technology degree, logistics technology, enterprise systems and others have higher requirements to react quickly, service serialization, standardization of operations, the target of systematic, modem means are the features of the organization which are different from the traditional network of logistics enterprises.展开更多
Based on the large-scale farms methane project of logistics operation as the breakthrough point, methane project of the supply chain of the raw material supply logistics, production logistics and product sales organiz...Based on the large-scale farms methane project of logistics operation as the breakthrough point, methane project of the supply chain of the raw material supply logistics, production logistics and product sales organization of logistics and operation mode were preliminarily studied, and the methane energy company as the core was decided. The third party logistics as key support for the integration of logistics operation mode provid- ed a new train of thought for the large scale operation and implementation of methane project.展开更多
In recent years, China's logistics market has developed very fast, characterized in demand and supply aspects. Such increase in logistics and other industries of China's economy, give more opportunity to the coopera...In recent years, China's logistics market has developed very fast, characterized in demand and supply aspects. Such increase in logistics and other industries of China's economy, give more opportunity to the cooperation of logistics system in Northeast Asia. This paper will give more detailed analysis on the logistics market in China with the data coming from the recent survey of the research center of logistics in Nankai University and National Development and Reform Commission.展开更多
In this article, the authors give an overview of different logistics concepts for operation and maintenance of OWPP (offshore wind power plants). These can be generally classified into onshore based and offshore bas...In this article, the authors give an overview of different logistics concepts for operation and maintenance of OWPP (offshore wind power plants). These can be generally classified into onshore based and offshore based concepts. The operation of OWPPs can still be improved as research has shown that the availability of OWPPs is low compared to onshore wind power plants. There are a few tools to calculate operating costs and to evaluate the different concepts. However, most tools have a weak focus on logistics although logistics account for a big share of the costs. The tool the authors are introducing in this article focuses on the logistics processes. It is first explained and then tested with an OWPP scenarin展开更多
As a middle organization between enterprise organization which gains the competition advantage and eration of industrial clusters and regional logistics refers development of modern regional logistics. On the basis an...As a middle organization between enterprise organization which gains the competition advantage and eration of industrial clusters and regional logistics refers development of modern regional logistics. On the basis and market, industrial cluster is now the space industrial innovation advantage for a nation or a region. The coop- to improvement of industrial clusters' competitiveness and of reviewing the recent years' situation of Shaanxi Prov- ince's regional logistics and its industrial clusters, this paper analyzes positively about the supporting role of the regional logistics, builds gray relational model by choosing corresponding indicators, and carries out test of signif- icance. Finally it brings out strategic recommendations to and regional logistics enhance the level of cooperation of industrial clusters展开更多
The called paper presents logistics cooperation activities in European countries, which are put in the situation of establishment of ASEAN Economic Community, particularly South East countries. This will be considered...The called paper presents logistics cooperation activities in European countries, which are put in the situation of establishment of ASEAN Economic Community, particularly South East countries. This will be considered as the experience in managing by government officers as well as the board management of logistics. The authors' methodology is almost descriptive, theoretical analyses. In addition, conducting information-related survey and in-depth interviews by experts will be considered in case of necessary. This paper focuses on Logistic Corporation leading to result in some benefits including bringing on effective in transportation, cutting cost, and saving time; improving the transportation connectivity among countries in ASEAN area; facilitating the construction of infrastructure and legal framework, and assisting to develop regional logistic activity. In this research, the authors focus on analyzing in the period before and after 2015, they attempt to investigate the turning point in the installment of ASEAN Economic Community, including 10 countries with the signed print by the prime minister in these nations. For future research, it is suggested that the cooperation is worth taking into consideration as the innovation related to management activities in microscopes (inside business) as well as macro scopes (countries) in logistics sector. Furthermore, lessons from the success of the European market are the basis foundation for the ASEAN Economic Community in setting up a common market in the field of logistics, shortening time to avoid mistakes and making the intended plan more possible to develop regional logistic activity. Logistic cooperation among nations has played an important and critical role in formation and development of country collaboration, creating the efficiency and capacity of trade among nations of region. Consequently, this paper can provide valuable pointers for shaping AEC.展开更多
Logistics management is a very practical professional. How to cultivate applied Talents for the logistics industry needs to is a question to logistics management professional.This paper talk about the practice in term...Logistics management is a very practical professional. How to cultivate applied Talents for the logistics industry needs to is a question to logistics management professional.This paper talk about the practice in terms of personnel training mode, curriculum system, practice and practice base construction and faculty building according to the actual situation of their own practice of logistics experience.展开更多
To guide the illuminating design to improve the on-state performances of gallium arsenide(GaAs)photoconductive semiconductor switch(PCSS),the effect of spot size on the operation mode of GaAsPCSS based on a semi-insul...To guide the illuminating design to improve the on-state performances of gallium arsenide(GaAs)photoconductive semiconductor switch(PCSS),the effect of spot size on the operation mode of GaAsPCSS based on a semi-insulating wafer with a thickness of 1 mm,triggered by a 1064-nm extrinsic laser beam with the rectangular spot,has been investigated experimentally.It is found that the variation of the spot size in length and width can act on the different parts of the output waveform integrating the characteristics of the linear and nonlinear modes,and then significantly boosts the PCSS toward different operation modes.On this basis,a two-channel model containing the active and passive parts is introduced to interpret the relevant influencing mechanisms.Results indicate that the increased spot length can peak the amplitude of static domains in the active part to enhance the development of the nonlinear switching,while the extended spot width can change the distribution of photogenerated carriers on both parts to facilitate the linear switching and weaken the nonlinear switching,which have been proved by comparing the domain evolutions under different spot sizes.展开更多
This thesis gives the overview of concept and constitution of the closed supply chain of green agricultural products based on logistics center,and the necessity of regarding logistics center as core enterprise.Meanwhi...This thesis gives the overview of concept and constitution of the closed supply chain of green agricultural products based on logistics center,and the necessity of regarding logistics center as core enterprise.Meanwhile,it analyzes the function of logistics center of agricultural products,namely functions of exchange,collection,distribution,storage and transportation.It also poses the prerequisites of logistics center.The logistics center of agricultural products must have stable profit expectancy,prominent scale,strong appealing power,capacity of bearing market risk and basic thoughts of supply chain management.The functional design of the closed supply chain of green agricultural products has been discussed in 5 aspects,namely logistics center,production base,providers of means of production,retailer and consumer.The operating thoughts of the closed supply chain of green agricultural products based on logistics center are put forward on the basis of the research of operating objective and service target of supply chain as follows:first,based on local principal agricultural products,the logistics center mainly distributes the massed agricultural products;second,it is necessary to choose appropriate strategic cooperative partners to sign contract;third,the operating procedure of supply chain entails bringing in professional managerial talents of supply chain;finally,the relationships of supply chain should be maintained.展开更多
In recent decades, tokamak discharges with zero total toroidal current have been reported in tokamak experiments, and this is one of the key problems in alternating current(AC) operations.An efficient free-boundary eq...In recent decades, tokamak discharges with zero total toroidal current have been reported in tokamak experiments, and this is one of the key problems in alternating current(AC) operations.An efficient free-boundary equilibrium code is developed to investigate such advanced tokamak discharges with current reversal equilibrium configuration. The calculation results show that the reversal current equilibrium can maintain finite pressure and also has considerable effects on the position of the X-point and the magnetic separatrix shape, and hence also on the position of the strike point on the divertor plates, which is extremely useful for magnetic design, MHD stability analysis, and experimental data analysis etc. for the AC plasma current operation on tokamaks.展开更多
Booming low-power electric propulsion systems require 1–2 A hollow cathodes.Such cathodes are expected to go through more frequent ignitions in the low orbit,but the impact of cyclic ignitions on such 1–2 A barium t...Booming low-power electric propulsion systems require 1–2 A hollow cathodes.Such cathodes are expected to go through more frequent ignitions in the low orbit,but the impact of cyclic ignitions on such 1–2 A barium tungsten hollow cathodes with a heater was not clear.In this study,a 12,638-cyclic ignition test and a 6,000-hour-long life test on two identical cathodes were carried out.The discharge voltage of the cathode and the erosion of the orifice after cyclic ignition were all larger than that of the cathode after stable operation.This indicated that the impact of cycle ignition on the discharge performance of a low current BaO-W cathode with a heater was higher than that of stable operation.The results of the ion energy distribution function measured during the ignition period indicated that the main reason for the orifice expansion was ion bombardment.Therefore,it was necessary to pay attention to the number of ignitions for the lifetime of this kind of cathode.展开更多
East Japan Railway Company(JR East)is aiming to“realize driverless train operation”as one of the key measures to respond to rapid changes in the business environment.Currently,Automatic Train Operation(ATO)equipment...East Japan Railway Company(JR East)is aiming to“realize driverless train operation”as one of the key measures to respond to rapid changes in the business environment.Currently,Automatic Train Operation(ATO)equipment is not installed on the Shinkansen,but there are plans to introduce ATO or driverless operation in the near future.From 2018-2021,the Ministry of Land,Infrastructure,Transport and Tourism(MLIT)held the“ATO Technology Study Group for Railways”in which the concept of technical requirements necessary for driverless operation was discussed.In 2021,JR East conducted the GOA4 demonstration test on the Joetsu Shinkansen.In this test,we were able to confirm the basic functions of Shinkansen vehicles such as automatic departure control,speed control,fixed position stop control,and remote stop control using ATO.We aim to realize unattended operation(GOA4)for deadhead trains between Niigata Station and the Niigata Shinkansen Rolling Stock Center by the end of the 2020 s,and driverless operation(GOA3)for passenger trains of the Joetsu Shinkansen by the mid-2030s and continue to develop the necessary technologies and build systems.展开更多
文摘The integrated operation mode of green logistics is a new enterprise's logistics operation and management mode concerning, environment issues based on the traditional integrated mode. Through comparative study on the integrated operation mode of logistics based on self.operation, the operation mode of an integrated logistics of enterprises based on TPL the green-supply chain management, and the operation mode of eco-iadustrial park (EIP), a relatively complete objective system structure is put forward for the integrated operation mode of green logistics of enterprises. Furthermore, the correspondent practical mode is also set up to help enterprises, especially for the manufacturing companies, not only improve the environment effectively, but support the technological framework for the enterprise's economic performance and social benefits in order to realize economic, social and environmental benefits are concerned.
基金Supported by Youth Fund Project of Weifang University (2010S10)
文摘Using comparative analysis and logical reasoning methods,in combination with traditional logistics theory and practice,and on the basis of objective demand of modern agricultural development for logistics service,we analyze features of logistics function.Besides,we discuss functional elements and service contents of agricultural modern logistics.In addition,we explore innovation model of agricultural modern logistics and systematized operation of supply chain.Finally,it is concluded that logistics development shall bring into full play all functional elements and achieve high efficient operation of the system through enhanced management measures.
文摘The environmental impact has been a critical issue in supply chain network research. Handling it efficiently will help the firm reduce pollution and save cost. In order to improve the environmental effect on this supply chain network, recovery activity becomes a significant part in the reverse logistics network, due to complexity and heterogeneity. In a reverse logistics network, there are many decision problems to be taken into consideration such as facility location, capacity allocation, production planning and vehicle routing. Each of these problems can be categorized into three types of decision planning: strategic, tactical or operational, based on the time planning horizon. In this paper, we review the literature of supply chain network in an effort to achieve green through implementing reverse logistic practices, and classify the defined problems by the group of decision planning. In general, most of the literatures are focused on the strategic and tactical decision planning, only a few are operational-based. The objective of this paper is to analyze the decision planning being done in this area of research and provide future insights on how to design the reverse logistics network with different decision planning which will reflect the real life scenario.
文摘In this paper, we conduct research on challenges of cold-chain logistics and combination ways with logistics O2O operation. Because of the cold chain logistics to the high requirement of the equipment, technology as caused the high cost of cold chain logistics. In the overall cost of China’s logistics is on the high side, under the condition of low profi t, many enterprises to enter and don’t have much interest in the field of cold chain logistics. So-called cold chain logistics is frozen food in the production, storage, transportation, sales, remain the regulations to the consumption of each link in the cold chain environment, to ensure the food quality, reduce loss of food and system engineering. Under this basis, we propose the O2O based logistics pattern that will solve the issues well.
文摘In this paper, we conduct research on the logistics cost and enterprise operation efficiency with the influences on international trade. With the deepening of the reform of the market economic system in our country, and the advancement of the reform of state-owned enterprises and government function transformation, the company is out of the shackles of the planned economy as the main body of market competition, at the same time, government regulators and investors in a state-owned capital market, all kinds of financial intermediaries and the information intermediary organizations, as well as the associated with the interests of closely linked to the enterprise value creation main body, including business owners and operators have yet to establish a timely to adapt to the market economy system. With this guidance, we propose the novel international trade paradigm for the companies that will enhance the efficiency of the general management.
文摘With the rapid development of China' s economy and the accelerating pace of economic globalization, the rapid expansion of trade appears in goods, materials; space to move also will expand in breadth and depth, and thus the efficiency of the logistics activities, rapid response capabilities and the level of information logistics put forward higher requirements. Meanwhile, the logistics needs of personalization, diversification and sophistication, require that logistics service companies must constantly improve and optimize enterprise business model, and target to develop new logistics services to adapt to changes in the logistics market, and improve the competitiveness of enterprises.Modem logistics enterprises refer to the concept of modem logistics as a guide, and the use of modem logistics and organization of modem logistics technology, it is to provide customers help and reduce logistics costs and improve the level of integrated logistics services to rationalize logistics enterprises. Modem logistics enterprises are in terms of philosophy, mode of operation, services, information technology degree, logistics technology, enterprise systems and others have higher requirements to react quickly, service serialization, standardization of operations, the target of systematic, modem means are the features of the organization which are different from the traditional network of logistics enterprises.
基金Supported by National Science and Technology Support Program(2008BADC4B02-9)
文摘Based on the large-scale farms methane project of logistics operation as the breakthrough point, methane project of the supply chain of the raw material supply logistics, production logistics and product sales organization of logistics and operation mode were preliminarily studied, and the methane energy company as the core was decided. The third party logistics as key support for the integration of logistics operation mode provid- ed a new train of thought for the large scale operation and implementation of methane project.
文摘In recent years, China's logistics market has developed very fast, characterized in demand and supply aspects. Such increase in logistics and other industries of China's economy, give more opportunity to the cooperation of logistics system in Northeast Asia. This paper will give more detailed analysis on the logistics market in China with the data coming from the recent survey of the research center of logistics in Nankai University and National Development and Reform Commission.
文摘In this article, the authors give an overview of different logistics concepts for operation and maintenance of OWPP (offshore wind power plants). These can be generally classified into onshore based and offshore based concepts. The operation of OWPPs can still be improved as research has shown that the availability of OWPPs is low compared to onshore wind power plants. There are a few tools to calculate operating costs and to evaluate the different concepts. However, most tools have a weak focus on logistics although logistics account for a big share of the costs. The tool the authors are introducing in this article focuses on the logistics processes. It is first explained and then tested with an OWPP scenarin
文摘As a middle organization between enterprise organization which gains the competition advantage and eration of industrial clusters and regional logistics refers development of modern regional logistics. On the basis and market, industrial cluster is now the space industrial innovation advantage for a nation or a region. The coop- to improvement of industrial clusters' competitiveness and of reviewing the recent years' situation of Shaanxi Prov- ince's regional logistics and its industrial clusters, this paper analyzes positively about the supporting role of the regional logistics, builds gray relational model by choosing corresponding indicators, and carries out test of signif- icance. Finally it brings out strategic recommendations to and regional logistics enhance the level of cooperation of industrial clusters
文摘The called paper presents logistics cooperation activities in European countries, which are put in the situation of establishment of ASEAN Economic Community, particularly South East countries. This will be considered as the experience in managing by government officers as well as the board management of logistics. The authors' methodology is almost descriptive, theoretical analyses. In addition, conducting information-related survey and in-depth interviews by experts will be considered in case of necessary. This paper focuses on Logistic Corporation leading to result in some benefits including bringing on effective in transportation, cutting cost, and saving time; improving the transportation connectivity among countries in ASEAN area; facilitating the construction of infrastructure and legal framework, and assisting to develop regional logistic activity. In this research, the authors focus on analyzing in the period before and after 2015, they attempt to investigate the turning point in the installment of ASEAN Economic Community, including 10 countries with the signed print by the prime minister in these nations. For future research, it is suggested that the cooperation is worth taking into consideration as the innovation related to management activities in microscopes (inside business) as well as macro scopes (countries) in logistics sector. Furthermore, lessons from the success of the European market are the basis foundation for the ASEAN Economic Community in setting up a common market in the field of logistics, shortening time to avoid mistakes and making the intended plan more possible to develop regional logistic activity. Logistic cooperation among nations has played an important and critical role in formation and development of country collaboration, creating the efficiency and capacity of trade among nations of region. Consequently, this paper can provide valuable pointers for shaping AEC.
文摘Logistics management is a very practical professional. How to cultivate applied Talents for the logistics industry needs to is a question to logistics management professional.This paper talk about the practice in terms of personnel training mode, curriculum system, practice and practice base construction and faculty building according to the actual situation of their own practice of logistics experience.
基金supported in part by the Huxiang Youth Talent Support Program(No.2020RC3030)in part by the Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Pulsed Power Laser Technology(Nos.SKL2021ZR02 and SKL2021KF05)。
文摘To guide the illuminating design to improve the on-state performances of gallium arsenide(GaAs)photoconductive semiconductor switch(PCSS),the effect of spot size on the operation mode of GaAsPCSS based on a semi-insulating wafer with a thickness of 1 mm,triggered by a 1064-nm extrinsic laser beam with the rectangular spot,has been investigated experimentally.It is found that the variation of the spot size in length and width can act on the different parts of the output waveform integrating the characteristics of the linear and nonlinear modes,and then significantly boosts the PCSS toward different operation modes.On this basis,a two-channel model containing the active and passive parts is introduced to interpret the relevant influencing mechanisms.Results indicate that the increased spot length can peak the amplitude of static domains in the active part to enhance the development of the nonlinear switching,while the extended spot width can change the distribution of photogenerated carriers on both parts to facilitate the linear switching and weaken the nonlinear switching,which have been proved by comparing the domain evolutions under different spot sizes.
文摘This thesis gives the overview of concept and constitution of the closed supply chain of green agricultural products based on logistics center,and the necessity of regarding logistics center as core enterprise.Meanwhile,it analyzes the function of logistics center of agricultural products,namely functions of exchange,collection,distribution,storage and transportation.It also poses the prerequisites of logistics center.The logistics center of agricultural products must have stable profit expectancy,prominent scale,strong appealing power,capacity of bearing market risk and basic thoughts of supply chain management.The functional design of the closed supply chain of green agricultural products has been discussed in 5 aspects,namely logistics center,production base,providers of means of production,retailer and consumer.The operating thoughts of the closed supply chain of green agricultural products based on logistics center are put forward on the basis of the research of operating objective and service target of supply chain as follows:first,based on local principal agricultural products,the logistics center mainly distributes the massed agricultural products;second,it is necessary to choose appropriate strategic cooperative partners to sign contract;third,the operating procedure of supply chain entails bringing in professional managerial talents of supply chain;finally,the relationships of supply chain should be maintained.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 12075276)partly by the Comprehensive Research Facility for Fusion Technology Program of China (No. 2018000052-73-01-001228)。
文摘In recent decades, tokamak discharges with zero total toroidal current have been reported in tokamak experiments, and this is one of the key problems in alternating current(AC) operations.An efficient free-boundary equilibrium code is developed to investigate such advanced tokamak discharges with current reversal equilibrium configuration. The calculation results show that the reversal current equilibrium can maintain finite pressure and also has considerable effects on the position of the X-point and the magnetic separatrix shape, and hence also on the position of the strike point on the divertor plates, which is extremely useful for magnetic design, MHD stability analysis, and experimental data analysis etc. for the AC plasma current operation on tokamaks.
基金supported by the Key Projects of Schoolenterprise Joint Fund(No.U22B20120)the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(No.52107141)。
文摘Booming low-power electric propulsion systems require 1–2 A hollow cathodes.Such cathodes are expected to go through more frequent ignitions in the low orbit,but the impact of cyclic ignitions on such 1–2 A barium tungsten hollow cathodes with a heater was not clear.In this study,a 12,638-cyclic ignition test and a 6,000-hour-long life test on two identical cathodes were carried out.The discharge voltage of the cathode and the erosion of the orifice after cyclic ignition were all larger than that of the cathode after stable operation.This indicated that the impact of cycle ignition on the discharge performance of a low current BaO-W cathode with a heater was higher than that of stable operation.The results of the ion energy distribution function measured during the ignition period indicated that the main reason for the orifice expansion was ion bombardment.Therefore,it was necessary to pay attention to the number of ignitions for the lifetime of this kind of cathode.
文摘East Japan Railway Company(JR East)is aiming to“realize driverless train operation”as one of the key measures to respond to rapid changes in the business environment.Currently,Automatic Train Operation(ATO)equipment is not installed on the Shinkansen,but there are plans to introduce ATO or driverless operation in the near future.From 2018-2021,the Ministry of Land,Infrastructure,Transport and Tourism(MLIT)held the“ATO Technology Study Group for Railways”in which the concept of technical requirements necessary for driverless operation was discussed.In 2021,JR East conducted the GOA4 demonstration test on the Joetsu Shinkansen.In this test,we were able to confirm the basic functions of Shinkansen vehicles such as automatic departure control,speed control,fixed position stop control,and remote stop control using ATO.We aim to realize unattended operation(GOA4)for deadhead trains between Niigata Station and the Niigata Shinkansen Rolling Stock Center by the end of the 2020 s,and driverless operation(GOA3)for passenger trains of the Joetsu Shinkansen by the mid-2030s and continue to develop the necessary technologies and build systems.