In order to reveal the rapid increase mechanism of particulate concentration in short time,a notion of short-term cumulative effect of air particulate is defined as the significant increase of pollutant concentration ...In order to reveal the rapid increase mechanism of particulate concentration in short time,a notion of short-term cumulative effect of air particulate is defined as the significant increase of pollutant concentration in a short time under the condition of breeze,stable weather and constant emission caused by human being's activities. Subsequently,an index of short-term cumulative effect is established with air diffusive equation,and then the macro-scale meteorological situation and micro-scale factors of forming the short-term cumulative effect are discussed with the observation data. The macro-scale meteorological variables contain upper-level weather situations and surface weather situations. The micro-scale factors mainly include the boundary-layer height and boundary-layer stability. The analyses show that boundary-layer factors and weather variables have a significant influence on the short-term cumulative effect. The notion of short-term cumulative effect will play an important role in interpreting the severe pollution weather.展开更多
<span style="font-family:Verdana;">The subjects of this study were to observe the improved short-term effects of anti-tumor purified Chinese medicine injection Ai-Jing for 138 cases with malignant tumo...<span style="font-family:Verdana;">The subjects of this study were to observe the improved short-term effects of anti-tumor purified Chinese medicine injection Ai-Jing for 138 cases with malignant tumors. This was a multi-center clinical study, and a total of 138 patients include</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">d</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 96 males and 42 females, with the age from 60 to 76 years. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Ai-Jing has obtained the Chinese invention patent since 2008</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (ZL991-03528.3). A novel technique acupoint injection method was adopted. Except for lung cancer, patients with other malignant tumors were injected once every other day, 2</span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ml each time. A course of treatment needs 6 Ai-Jing injections, lung cancer patients need 10</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">20 Ai-Jing injections. At the same time, patients were treated with traditional medicine decoction. Due to the limited number of cases, cure rate, recovery rate and remission rate were calculated as a whole, respectively</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">18.12%, 44.20% and 32.15%. All the invalid patients were lung cancer, accounting for 16.67% of the patients treated with lung cancer, and the total treatment inefficiency was 6.52%. Conclusion: Chinese Medicine Injection Ai-Jing extracts the effective components of anti-cancer and tumorig</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">enesis, and has the effects of anti-cancer and tumorigenesis, anti-infl</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">am</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">matory and analgesic, and repairing body damage, with small toxic and side effects and low cost.</span>展开更多
Cemented paste backfill(CPB) is largely used in underground mines worldwide.A key issue associated with application of CPB is to estimate the stresses in backfilled stopes and on barricades.Recent numerical and experi...Cemented paste backfill(CPB) is largely used in underground mines worldwide.A key issue associated with application of CPB is to estimate the stresses in backfilled stopes and on barricades.Recent numerical and experimental results show that arching effect is absent shortly after the placement of CPB in stopes.However,stress decreases in barricade drift with increasing distance between the measurement points and drawpoint have also been observed,demonstrating arching effect shortly after the pouring of CPB.To explain these paradoxes,CPB is considered as Bingham fluid having a yield shear stress.Three dimensional analytical solutions are proposed to evaluate the short-term total stresses in backfilled stopes and on barricades,accounting for the CPB's yield shear stress-induced arching effect.Stress diminution due to such arching effect in the backfilled stopes and on barricades is indeed obtained.But the reduction becomes insignificant using typical yield shear stress and stope geometry.More analyses indicate that the typical yield shear stress values do not fully correspond to field conditions where the yield shear stress would increase exponentially due to apparent consolidation(loss of water by drainage,a phenomenon similar to the desiccation of overly saturated fine-grained materials).展开更多
Using a 5-layer P- o mixed coordinates primitive equations model, a process of heavy rain is simulated that occurred over the middle-and lower-reaches of the Changjiang River on July 1- 2, 1991 and numerical experimen...Using a 5-layer P- o mixed coordinates primitive equations model, a process of heavy rain is simulated that occurred over the middle-and lower-reaches of the Changjiang River on July 1- 2, 1991 and numerical experiments are done of the effects of sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies over different waters on the precipitation. The result has shown that the appearance of SST anomaly is followed in a short term (2 or 3 days) by. A change in the pattern of circulation as well as in precipitation to some extent.展开更多
In clinical trials, drug effect is measured by a difference between subjects who are treated by experimental drug against placebo-treated subjects. In case of binary data, with observing YES/NO on each subject in cert...In clinical trials, drug effect is measured by a difference between subjects who are treated by experimental drug against placebo-treated subjects. In case of binary data, with observing YES/NO on each subject in certain period of time, it is the proportion of subjects who respond in treatment group minus the proportion of responders in placebo group (for example, 50% vs. 30%). However, a greater difference was proposed by Rihmer et al. (2011) [1] with their supporting arguments, in that antidepressant response and placebo response had different mechanisms and there were equal chances for antidepressant responder to be responding to placebo and not responding to placebo at all. Therefore, the authors proposed 50% - 30% * 50% when the response rate in the treatment group and the placebo group are 50% and 30% respectively, resulting in higher drug-placebo difference than traditional understanding of 50% - 30%. In this article, we tried to explain why the authors misunderstood the drug-placebo concept for evaluating drug superiority, their misunderstanding of assumptions of traditional calculation, as well as their wrong reasoning on their proposed approach. All in all, we conclude the traditional approach of 50% - 30% is the right way of evaluating drug-placebo difference and the possible methods to control impact of placebo effect are briefly discussed at the end of this article.展开更多
The skin effect in the reversely switched dynistor （RSD） devices is investigated in this paper. Based on the plasma bipolar drift model of the RSD, the current density distributions on the chip are simulated with co...The skin effect in the reversely switched dynistor （RSD） devices is investigated in this paper. Based on the plasma bipolar drift model of the RSD, the current density distributions on the chip are simulated with considering the skin effect. The results indicate that the current density on the border can be several hundred to a thousand A/cm2 higher than that in the center of the chip. The skin effect becomes more prominent as the voltage increases and the inductance decreases in the main circuit. The phenomenon that most of a certain group of chips break over on the border has proved the existence of the skin effect.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Science Foundation of China(41675046)
文摘In order to reveal the rapid increase mechanism of particulate concentration in short time,a notion of short-term cumulative effect of air particulate is defined as the significant increase of pollutant concentration in a short time under the condition of breeze,stable weather and constant emission caused by human being's activities. Subsequently,an index of short-term cumulative effect is established with air diffusive equation,and then the macro-scale meteorological situation and micro-scale factors of forming the short-term cumulative effect are discussed with the observation data. The macro-scale meteorological variables contain upper-level weather situations and surface weather situations. The micro-scale factors mainly include the boundary-layer height and boundary-layer stability. The analyses show that boundary-layer factors and weather variables have a significant influence on the short-term cumulative effect. The notion of short-term cumulative effect will play an important role in interpreting the severe pollution weather.
文摘<span style="font-family:Verdana;">The subjects of this study were to observe the improved short-term effects of anti-tumor purified Chinese medicine injection Ai-Jing for 138 cases with malignant tumors. This was a multi-center clinical study, and a total of 138 patients include</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">d</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 96 males and 42 females, with the age from 60 to 76 years. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Ai-Jing has obtained the Chinese invention patent since 2008</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (ZL991-03528.3). A novel technique acupoint injection method was adopted. Except for lung cancer, patients with other malignant tumors were injected once every other day, 2</span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ml each time. A course of treatment needs 6 Ai-Jing injections, lung cancer patients need 10</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">20 Ai-Jing injections. At the same time, patients were treated with traditional medicine decoction. Due to the limited number of cases, cure rate, recovery rate and remission rate were calculated as a whole, respectively</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">18.12%, 44.20% and 32.15%. All the invalid patients were lung cancer, accounting for 16.67% of the patients treated with lung cancer, and the total treatment inefficiency was 6.52%. Conclusion: Chinese Medicine Injection Ai-Jing extracts the effective components of anti-cancer and tumorig</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">enesis, and has the effects of anti-cancer and tumorigenesis, anti-infl</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">am</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">matory and analgesic, and repairing body damage, with small toxic and side effects and low cost.</span>
基金the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(NSERC)Institut de recherche Robert-Sauve en sante et en securite du travail(IRSST)industrial partners of the Research Institute on Mines and the Environment(RIME UQAT-Polytechnique)
文摘Cemented paste backfill(CPB) is largely used in underground mines worldwide.A key issue associated with application of CPB is to estimate the stresses in backfilled stopes and on barricades.Recent numerical and experimental results show that arching effect is absent shortly after the placement of CPB in stopes.However,stress decreases in barricade drift with increasing distance between the measurement points and drawpoint have also been observed,demonstrating arching effect shortly after the pouring of CPB.To explain these paradoxes,CPB is considered as Bingham fluid having a yield shear stress.Three dimensional analytical solutions are proposed to evaluate the short-term total stresses in backfilled stopes and on barricades,accounting for the CPB's yield shear stress-induced arching effect.Stress diminution due to such arching effect in the backfilled stopes and on barricades is indeed obtained.But the reduction becomes insignificant using typical yield shear stress and stope geometry.More analyses indicate that the typical yield shear stress values do not fully correspond to field conditions where the yield shear stress would increase exponentially due to apparent consolidation(loss of water by drainage,a phenomenon similar to the desiccation of overly saturated fine-grained materials).
文摘Using a 5-layer P- o mixed coordinates primitive equations model, a process of heavy rain is simulated that occurred over the middle-and lower-reaches of the Changjiang River on July 1- 2, 1991 and numerical experiments are done of the effects of sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies over different waters on the precipitation. The result has shown that the appearance of SST anomaly is followed in a short term (2 or 3 days) by. A change in the pattern of circulation as well as in precipitation to some extent.
文摘In clinical trials, drug effect is measured by a difference between subjects who are treated by experimental drug against placebo-treated subjects. In case of binary data, with observing YES/NO on each subject in certain period of time, it is the proportion of subjects who respond in treatment group minus the proportion of responders in placebo group (for example, 50% vs. 30%). However, a greater difference was proposed by Rihmer et al. (2011) [1] with their supporting arguments, in that antidepressant response and placebo response had different mechanisms and there were equal chances for antidepressant responder to be responding to placebo and not responding to placebo at all. Therefore, the authors proposed 50% - 30% * 50% when the response rate in the treatment group and the placebo group are 50% and 30% respectively, resulting in higher drug-placebo difference than traditional understanding of 50% - 30%. In this article, we tried to explain why the authors misunderstood the drug-placebo concept for evaluating drug superiority, their misunderstanding of assumptions of traditional calculation, as well as their wrong reasoning on their proposed approach. All in all, we conclude the traditional approach of 50% - 30% is the right way of evaluating drug-placebo difference and the possible methods to control impact of placebo effect are briefly discussed at the end of this article.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.50577028the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China under Grant No.20050487044the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation under Grant No.20080440931
文摘The skin effect in the reversely switched dynistor （RSD） devices is investigated in this paper. Based on the plasma bipolar drift model of the RSD, the current density distributions on the chip are simulated with considering the skin effect. The results indicate that the current density on the border can be several hundred to a thousand A/cm2 higher than that in the center of the chip. The skin effect becomes more prominent as the voltage increases and the inductance decreases in the main circuit. The phenomenon that most of a certain group of chips break over on the border has proved the existence of the skin effect.
