Characteristics of long-distance mobile mRNAs from shoot to root in grafted plant species

Thousands of long-distance mobile mRNAs were identified from different grafting systems,based on high-throughput sequencing technology.Moreover,the long-distance delivery of RNAs was proved to involve multiple mechanisms.Here,we analyzed the homology,motif,and tRNA-like structure(TLS)of long-distance mobile mRNAs identified by RNA-seq as well as the RNA-binding protein(RBP)in nine grafting combinations including Arabidopsis thaliana,Vitis vinifera,Cucumis sativus,Citrullus lanatus,Nicotiana benthamiana,Malus domestica,Pyrus spp.,Glycine max and Phaseolus vulgaris.Although several mRNAs were found to be shared in herbaceous,woody,and related species,the vast majority of long-distance mobile mRNAs were species-specific.Four non-specific movement-related motifs were identified,while the TLS was not necessary for mRNA long distance mobility.In addition,we found that RBPs were conserved among herbaceous and woody plants as well as related species.This paper reports a further in-depth analysis of the endogenous mechanisms by which the species-specific transportable m RNAs were selected by bioinformatics,in order to provide insights for future research on long-distance mobile mRNAs.

Water hammer protection for diversion systems in front of pumps in long-distance water supply projects

For a water supply system with long-distance diversion pipelines, in addition to the water hammer problems that occur beyond pumps, the safety of the water diversion pipeline in front of pumps also deserves attention. In this study, a water hammer protection scheme combined with an overflow surge tank and a regulating valve was developed. A mathematical model of the overflow surge tank was developed, and an analytical formula for the height of the overflow surge tank was derived. Furthermore, a practical water supply project was used to evaluate the feasibility of the combined protection scheme and analyze the sensitivity of valve regulation rules. The results showed that the combined protection scheme effectively reduced the height of the surge tank, lessened the difficulties related to construction, and reduced the necessary financial investment for the project. The two-stage closing rule articulated as fast first and then slow could minimize the overflow volume of the surge tank when the power failure occurred, while the two-stage opening rule articulated as slow first and then fast could be more conducive to the safety of the water supply system when the pump started up.

Patient satisfaction and follow-up adherence to glaucoma case management clinic in China

AIM:To assess glaucoma patient satisfaction and follow-up adherence in case management and identify associated predictors to improve healthcare quality and patient outcomes.METHODS:In this cross-sectional study,a total of 119 patients completed a Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire-18 and a sociodemographic questionnaire.Clinical data was obtained from the case management system.Follow-up adherence was defined as completing each follow-up within±30d of the scheduled time set by ophthalmologists during the study period.RESULTS:Average satisfaction scored 78.65±7,with an average of 4.39±0.58 across the seven dimensions.Age negatively correlated with satisfaction(P=0.008),whilst patients with follow-up duration of 2 or more years reported higher satisfaction(P=0.045).Multivariate logistics regression analysis revealed that longer follow-up durations were associated with lower follow-up adherence(OR=0.97,95%CI,0.95-1.00,P=0.044).Additionally,patients with suspected glaucoma(OR=2.72,95%CI,1.03-7.20,P=0.044)and those with an annual income over 100000 Chinese yuan demonstrated higher adherence(OR=5.57,95%CI,1.00-30.89,P=0.049).CONCLUSION:The case management model proves effective for glaucoma patients,with positive adherence rates.The implementation of this model can be optimized in the future based on the identified factors and extended to glaucoma patients in more hospitals.

Loss to Specialized Cardiology Follow-Up in Adults Living with Congenital Heart Disease

Background:Much has been written about the loss to follow-up in the transition between pediatric and adult Congenital Heart Disease(CHD)care centers.Much less is understood about the loss to follow-up(LTF)after a successful transition.This is critical too,as patients lost to specialised care are more likely to experience mor-bidity and premature mortality.Aims:To understand the prevalence and reasons for loss to follow-up(LTF)at a large Australian Adult Congenital Heart Disease(ACHD)centre.Methods:Patients with moderate or highly complex CHD and gaps in care of>3 years(defined as LTF)were identified from a comprehensive ACHD data-base.Structured telephone interviews examined current care and barriers to clinic attendance.Results:Overall,407(22%)of ACHD patients(n=1842)were LTF.The mean age at LTF was 31(SD 11.5)years and 54%were male;311(76%)were uncontactable.Compared to adults seen regularly,lost patients were younger,with a greater socio-economic disadvantage,and had less complex CHD(p<0.05 for all).We interviewed 59 patients(14%).The top 3 responses for care absences were“feeling well”(61%),losing track of time(36%),and not needing fol-low-up care(25%).Conclusions:A large proportion of the ACHD population becomes lost to specialised cardiac care,even after a successful transition.This Australian study reports younger age,moderate complexity defects,and socio-economic disadvantage as predictive of loss to follow-up.This study highlights the need for novel approaches to patient-centered service delivery even beyond the age of transition and resources to maintain patient engagement within the ACHD service.

Long-term assessment of collagenase treatment for Dupuytren’s contracture:A 10-year follow-up study

BACKGROUND Enzymatic fasciotomy with collagenase clostridium histolyticum(CCH)has revolutionized the treatment for Dupuytren’s contracture(DC).Despite its benefits,the long-term outcomes remain unclear.This study presented a comprehensive 10-year follow-up assessment of the enduring effects of CCH on patients with DC.AIM To compare the short-term(12 wk)and long-term(10 years)outcomes on CCH treatment in patients with DC.METHODS A cohort of 45 patients was treated with CCH at the metacarpophalangeal(MCP)joint and the proximal interphalangeal(PIP)joint and underwent systematic reevaluation.The study adhered to multicenter trial protocols,and assessments were conducted at 12 wk,7 years,and 10 years post-surgery.RESULTS Thirty-seven patients completed the 10-year follow-up.At 10 years,patients treated at the PIP joint exhibited a 100%recurrence.However,patients treated at the MCP joint only showed a 50%recurrence.Patient satisfaction varied,with a lower satisfaction reported in PIP joint cases.Recurrence exceeding 20 degrees on the total passive extension deficit was observed,indicating a challenge for sustained efficacy.Significant differences were noted between outcomes at the 7-year and 10-year intervals.CONCLUSION CCH demonstrated sustained efficacy when applied to the MCP joint.However,caution is warranted for CCH treatment at the PIP joint due to a high level of recurrence and low patient satisfaction.Re-intervention is needed within a decade of treatment.

Environmental Impact Assessment Follow-Up of Seismic Survey Offshore Activities in Brazil

Follow-up of environmental impacts is an integral part of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) process, closely related to the effectiveness of the instrument. EIA follow-up has been receiving a lot of interest from scientists and practitioners, though it is recognized as one of the weakest points of EIA systems globally. Also, EIA follow-up is influenced by the context, mainly in terms of the types of projects or activities and their related impacts on the environment. Therefore, the present paper is focused on the investigation of the follow-up stage applied to the activity of seismic survey coupled with offshore oil & gas exploitation in Brazil. Research was based on a qualitative approach that included document analysis and semi-structured interviews with analysts involved in EIA processes, and sought to generate evidence of effectiveness of the EIA follow-up as conducted by the Federal Environment Agency (Ibama) in order to situate the practice of follow-up in the broader context of international best practice principles. Based on the findings, it was concluded that, due to the peculiarities of offshore seismic survey, it is necessary to promote adaptations in the procedures for monitoring impacts in order to ensure proper alignment with the principles and conceptual foundations that guide EIA practice. Specifically, the timing of the execution of the activity imposes challenges for its integration into the “conventional” cycle that has guided the monitoring of the impacts in the EIA of projects.

Study on the Technology of Supplying Water Safely by Long-Distance Pipeline

The extensively built long-distance water transmission pipelines have become the main water sources for urban areas. To ensure the reliability and safety of the water supply, from the viewpoint of overall management, it would be necessary to establish a system of information management for the pipeline. The monitoring, calculating and analyzing functions of the system serve to give controlling instructions and safe operating rules to the automatic equipment and technician, making sure the resistance coefficient distribution along the pipeline is reasonable; the hydraulic state transition is smooth when operating conditions change or water supply accidents occur, avoiding the damage of water hammer. This paper covered the composition structures of the information management system of long-distance water transmission pipelines and the functions of the subsystems, and finally elaborated on the approaches and steps of building a mathematics model for the analysis of dynamic hydraulic status.

Study on the long-distance target apperception techniques for underwater vehicles

The limited physical size for autonomous underwater vehicles （AUV） or unmanned underwater vehicles （UUV） makes it difficult to acquire enough space gain for localizing long-distance targets. A new technique about long-distance target apperception with passive synthetic aperture array for underwater vehicles is presented. First, a synthetic aperture-processing algorithm based on the FFT transform in the beam space （BSSAP） is introduced. Then, the study on the flank array passive long-distance apperception techniques in the frequency scope of 11-18 kHz is implemented from the view of improving array gains, detection probability and augmenting detected range under a certain sea environment. The results show that the BSSAP algorithm can extend the aperture effectively and improve detection probability. Because of the augment of the transmission loss, the detected range has the trend of decline with the increase of frequency under the same target source level. The synthesized array could improve the space gain by nearly 7 dB and SNR is increased by about 5 dB. The detected range is enhanced to nearly 2 km under the condition of 108-118 dB of the target source level for AUV system in measurement interval of nearly 1 s.

Long-distance propagation of pseudo-partially coherent Gaussian Schell-model beams in atmospheric turbulence

Propagation properties of spatially pseudo-partially coherent Gaussian Schell-model beams through the atmo- spheric turbulence over a long-distance uplink path are studied by numerical simulation. A linear coordination trans- formation is introduced to overcome the window effect and the loss-of-resolution problem. The beam spreading, beam wandering, and intensity scintillation as functions of turbulence strength, source correlation length, and change fre- quency of random phase that models the partial coherence of the source are analyzed. It is found that the beam spreading and the intensity scintillation of the partially coherent beam are less affected by the turbulence than those of the coherent one, but it suffers from a more severe diffractive effect, and the change frequency of random phase has no evident influence on it. The beam wandering is insensitive to the variation of source correlation length, and decreases firstly then goes to a fixed value as the change frequency increases.

Criterions and Measures of Route Selection of Shallowly Embedded Long-Distance Oil and Gas Pipeline in Mountain Areas

According to the engineering investigation of long-distance oil and gas pipelines, the criterions and measures of route selection are drawn as follows： the flat landform is the first choice in route alignment. The foot of mountain is the first choice when the route passes by the valley. The route should pass by but the shady and deposited slope and not in sunny and erosive slope as possible as it can. The pipeline should be vertical to contour climbing and descending the mountain except steep slope. Tunnel can be used in crossing foothill. Perpendicularly traversing the river is better than beveling; the worst choice is to put the pipeline along the river. Bypass is the best choice in karsts area. The order of route selection should be pre-choosing, investigation, optimization and adjustment.

THE RISK ASSESSMENT OF THE LONG-DISTANCE OILPIPELINE ENGINEERING

The oilfield construction and long-distance oil pipeline engineering has been developed extensively in China. The risk assessment of oil industry will, however, be an important objective to cope with the development of oil industry , The risk assessment of oil industry has many subjects worthy to be studied.The major purpose of the paper is to research the risk cases of long-distance oil pipeline engineering in Ganshu and Shaanxi provinces.

Long-distance super-exchange and quantum magnetic relaxation in a hybrid metal–organic framework

The hybrid metal-organic framework [（CH3）2NH2]Fe（HCOO）3 with a perovskite-like structure exhibits a variety of unusual magnetic behaviors at low temperatures. While the long-distance super-exchange through the Fe-（Y-CH-O- Fe exchange path leads to a canted antiferromagnetic ordering at TN - 19 K, a second transition of magnetic blocking develops at TB- 9 K. The stair-shaped magnetization hysteresis loops below TB resemble the behaviors of resonant quantum tunneling of magnetization in single-molecular quantum magnets. Moreover, the magnetic relaxation also exhibits several features of resonant quantum relaxation, such as the exponential law with a single characteristic relaxation time, and the nonmonotonic dependence of relaxation rate on the applied magnetic field with a much faster relaxation around the resonant fields. The origin of quantum tunneling behaviors in the [（CH3）2NH2]Fe（HCOO）3 metal-organic framework is discussed in terms of magnetic phase separation due to the modification of hydrogen bonding on the long-distance super-exchange interaction.

Estimation of the Probability of Long-Distance Dispersal: Stratified Diffusion of <i>Spartina alterniflora</i>in the Yangtze River Estuary

The relative contribution of long-distance dispersal and local diffusion in the spread of invasive species has been a subject of much debate. Invasion of the intertidal mudflats by Spartina alterniflora is an ideal example of stratified diffusion, involving both long-distance dispersal of seeds and local diffusion due to clonal growth. In conjunction with experimental data on range radius-versus-time curve, a traveling wave equation-based model is used to investigate the sensitivity of the spread rate of exotic S. alterniflora to parameters of long distance dispersal (c, maximum colonial establishment rate) and local colony diffusion (r, intrinsic growth rate) at two tidal marshes, the Eastern Chongming and the Jiuduansha Islands, at the Yangtze River estuary. Both Eastern Chong ming and Jiuduansha Islands are now national natural reserves in China, which were established in 2005. However, the mudflats and salt marshes in the two reserves are now heavily infested with introduced S. alterniflora, which may threaten the estuarine ecosystems and their biodiversity. S. alterniflora was first found in 1995 on Chongming. For rapid sediment accretion in mudflats in the estuary, S. alterniflora was also intentionally introduced to Jiuduansha in 1997 and Chongming in 2001, which has led to a rapid range expansion in the estuary. Our results show that range expansion of species with stratified diffusion is affected by both long-distance dispersal and local colony diffusion, and that there is a critical c*, below which the spread rate is more influenced by long-distance dispersal than by local diffusion. After applying this model to the invasion of S. alterniflora in the Yangtze River estuary, we derive that c = 1.7 × 10-3, c* = 0.126 and c = 4.8 × 10-3 km-2·yr-1, c* = 0.140 km-2·yr-1 at Chongming and Jiuduansha (Shanghai), respectively. Our results suggest that the range spread of S. alterniflora in the Yangtze River estuary is more influenced by long-distance dispersal than local colony diffusion, and that S. alterniflora generates about 1.7 × 10-3 to 4.8 × 10-3 colonies per square kilometers per year. This study provides important information about dispersal dynamics of S. alterniflora that may be useful for finding optimal control strategies. ·

High-Performance Sodium Bose-Einstein Condensate Apparatus with a Hybrid Trap and Long-Distance Magnetic Transfer

We report on the production of large sodium Bose^Einstein condensates in a hybrid of magnetic quadrupole and optical dipole trap. With an optimized spin-flip Zeeman slower, 2 ~ 1010 sodium atoms are captured in the magneto-optical trap （MOT）. A long distance magnetic transfer setup moves the cold atom over 46cm from the MOT chamber to the UHV science chamber, which provides great optical access and long conservative trap lifetime. After evaporative cooling in the hybrid trap, we produce nearly pure condensates of 1 ~ 107 atoms with lifetime of 80 s in the optical dipole trap.

Research on the Long-distance Transmission

In view of the imbalanced distribution of power load and resources, including the status of “electric shortage” in some cities in our country, the article discusses the long-distance transmission technology. It mainly analyzed two ways of the long-distance transmission: UHV AC transmission and UHV DC transmission. The fractional frequency transmission technology and half wavelength AC transmission technology of AC transmission are introduced. Some key technologies of long-distance transmission are described. It has a guess for long-distance transmission future direction.

Retinal ganglion cells regenerate long-distance axons through neural activity stimulation and find their way back to the brain

Human central nerve system(CNS)is an extremely complex and delicate structure.While regeneration is possible in some reptiles and fish CNS,the regeneration capacity seems completely lost in adult mammals.Therefore,the classic concept is that once neurons in mammal

Utilization of HIV and Sexually Transmitted Infections Prevention Services, and Associated Factors among the Long-Distance Truck Drivers along the Northern Corridor Highway, Kenya

Background: Often, long-distance truck drivers’ (LDTDs’) work predisposes them to sexually transmitted infections (STIs) whose outcomes are influenced by access and behavior of seeking sexual health care. Methodology: In this study, we assessed the utilization of HIV/STI preventive services and associated factors among 296 LDTDs operating along the northern corridor highway using an interviewer-administered questionnaire for data collection at Mlolongo stopover in Machakos, Kenya. Responses for the investigated variables, including condom use, history of HIV testing, frequency of HIV testing, antiretroviral therapy (ART) use and follow-up for the HIV positive and STI treatment, were assigned a score of either 1 or 0 depending on the question’s dimension. Following summing up for each participant, we computed a weighted score ranging between 0 and 1 by dividing the summed responses by the number of eligible variables. We arbitrarily multiplied these scores by 8 to generate endpoint scores ranging from one to eight for each participant to help create a dichotomized outcome variable for utilization levels: limited utilization (1 to 4) and good utilization (5 to 8). Association between certain independent variables and the outcome variable (level of utilization of H.I.V./STIs preventive services) was analyzed using binomial logistic regression analysis in R statistical software. Results: The mean age of the LDTDs was 38.4 years, ranging from 24 - 57 years. The majority (n = 287, 97%) of the LDTDs had been tested on HIV at least once since the beginning of their career. Only 4.9% of the LDTDs had been tested on HIV within the previous three months. Of the 175 LDTDs who reported a history of STI, most (n = 173, 98.9%) of them had sought treatment. Condom use rates were higher (97.1%) among the LDTDs who had sexual interactions with casual sexual partners compared to 47.2% among regular sexual partners. Analyses classed most of the respondents (n = 231, 78.0%) as having good utilization, while the rest (22%) had limited utilization. History of STI was independently associated with utilizing HIV/STI preventive services (OR 8.4;95% CI;4.5, 16.7;P < 0.001). Conclusion: Although most of the LDTDs were classed to have good utilization of HIV/STI preventive services, the uptake of subsequent HIV testing services among them was low at only 4.9%. The association of STI history with utilization levels that we determined supports policies of integrating HIV and STI services in the delivery of sexual healthcare provision among LDTDs.

Intensive follow-up vs conventional follow-up for patients with nonmetastatic colorectal cancer treated with curative intent:A metaanalysis

BACKGROUND The frequency and content of follow-up strategies remain controversial for colorectal cancer(CRC),and scheduled follow-ups have limited value.AIM To compare intensive and conventional follow-up strategies for the prognosis of non-metastatic CRC treated with curative intent using a meta-analysis.METHODS PubMed,Embase,and the Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched for potentially eligible randomized controlled trials(RCTs)from inception until April 2023.The Cochrane risk of bias was used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies.The hazard ratio,relative risk,and 95%confidence interval were used to calculate survival and categorical data,and pooled analyses were performed using the random-effects model.Additional exploratory analyses were performed for sensitivity,subgroups,and publication bias.RESULTS Eighteen RCTs involving 8533 patients with CRC were selected for the final analysis.Intensive follow-up may be superior to conventional follow-up in improving overall survival,but this difference was not statistically significant.Moreover,intensive follow-up was associated with an increased incidence of salvage surgery compared to conventional follow-up.In addition,there was no significant difference in the risk of recurrence between intensive and conventional follow-up strategies,whereas intensive follow-up was associated with a reduced risk of interval recurrence compared to conventional follow-up.Finally,the effects of intensive and conventional follow-up strategies differed when stratified by tumor location and follow-up duration.CONCLUSION Intensive follow-up may have a beneficial effect on the overall survival of patients with non-metastatic CRC treated with curative intent.

The natural course of bacillus Calmette-Guerin induced bladder lesions:A long-term follow-up study and systematic review

Objective:Bacillus Calmette-Gue´rin(BCG)instillation is the standard adjuvant treatment for intermediate-and high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer after transurethral resection.Nevertheless,its toxicity often causes bladder complications.On follow-up cystoscopy,post-BCG bladder lesions can be pathologically benign,urothelial carcinoma recurrence,or other types of bladder malignancy.Only a small number of case reports have been published on post-BCG bladder lesions.Their clinical features,natural course,and management remain unknown.Methods:We retrospectively studied cystoscopic videos and medical records of BCG-treated bladder cancer patients at our center.During a long-term follow-up,we took biopsies on tumor-like lesions and described their changes.In addition,we summarized previous studies on post-BCG bladder lesions by systematic literature searching and review.Results:We described a series of three cases with post-BCG bladder lesions mimicking tumor recurrence from a total of 38 cases with follow-up data for more than 5 years.Those lesions could last,grow,or disappear spontaneously,and remain pathological benign for years.In systematic review,we identified and analyzed a total of 15 cases with post-BCG bladder lesions with detailed clinical information.Eleven of the 15 were benign and have a good prognosis with nephrogenic adenoma being the most common pathological type.Conclusion:Based on previous studies and our experience,benign lesions after BCG instillation cannot distinguish with cancer recurrence by cystoscopy alone,even under narrow band imaging mode.Nonetheless,given most of them have a good prognosis,random biopsy or transurethral resection might be spared in the patients with long-term negative biopsy and urine cytology.

Long-Distance Pipe Jacking in Complex Urban Geological Environment

A steel underground pipeline with a diameter of 2.4 m and a total length of 3,617 m(plate thickness of 26 mm)has been constructed in a city in central Hubei,and the engineering,procurement,and construction(EPC)project has been lifted from the upstream channel to supplement water to the downstream lake inside the city.Through preliminary geological survey data,site topographic and geomorphic survey,urban construction,as well as the requirements of the construction party,the preliminary arrangement of working wells and receiving wells as well as the selection and customization of pipe jacking machines have been proposed.Frequency conversion motor and remote monitoring technology are adopted for geotechnical change and long-distance pipe jacking.Through detailed survey,the rock and soil change section as well as gradual change conditions have been determined,the accuracy of construction mechanics calculation and construction operation control have improved,the basis and analysis basis are provided,and some experiences in construction operation are summarized.