After the discovery of the ARECh2(A=alkali or monovalent ions,RE=rare-earth,Ch=chalcogen)triangular lattice quantum spin liquid(QSL)family,a series of its oxide,sulfide,and selenide counterparts has been consistently ...After the discovery of the ARECh2(A=alkali or monovalent ions,RE=rare-earth,Ch=chalcogen)triangular lattice quantum spin liquid(QSL)family,a series of its oxide,sulfide,and selenide counterparts has been consistently reported and extensively investigated.While KErTe_(2) represents the initial synthesized telluride member,preserving its triangular spin lattice,it was anticipated that the substantial tellurium ions could impart more pronounced magnetic attributes and electronic structures to this material class.This study delves into the magnetism of KErTe_(2) at finite temperatures through magnetization and electron spin resonance(ESR)measurements.Based on the angular momentum J after spin-orbit coupling(SOC)and symmetry analysis,we obtain the magnetic effective Hamiltonian to describe the magnetism of Er^(3+)in R3m space group.Applying the mean-field approximation to the Hamiltonian,we can simulate the magnetization and magnetic heat capacity of KErTe_(2) in paramagnetic state and determine the crystalline electric field(CEF)parameters and partial exchange interactions.The relatively narrow energy gaps between the CEF ground state and excited states exert a significant influence on the magnetism.For example,small CEF excitations can result in a significant broadening of the ESR linewidth at 2 K.For the fitted exchange interactions,although the values are small,given a large angular momentum J=15/2 after SOC,they still have a noticeable effect at finite temperatures.Notably,the heat capacity data under different magnetic fields along the𝑐axis direction also roughly match our calculated results,further validating the reliability of our analytical approach.These derived parameters serve as crucial tools for future investigations into the ground state magnetism of KErTe_(2).The findings presented herein lay a foundation for exploration of the intricate magnetism within the triangular-lattice delafossite family.展开更多
We study the phase,Larmor and dwell times of a particle scattered off triangular barriers(TBs).It is interesting that the dependences of dwell,reflective phase and Larmor times on the wave number,barrier width and hei...We study the phase,Larmor and dwell times of a particle scattered off triangular barriers(TBs).It is interesting that the dependences of dwell,reflective phase and Larmor times on the wave number,barrier width and height for a pair of mirror-symmetric(MS)exact triangular barriers(ETBs)are quite different,as the two ETBs have quite distinct scattering surfaces.In comparison,the dependence of the transmitted phase or Larmor times is exactly the same,since the transmitted amplitudes are the same for a pair of MS TBs.We further study the Hartman effect by defining the phase and Larmor velocities associated with the phase and Larmor times.We find no barrier width saturation effect for the transmitted and reflected times.This is indicated by the fact that all the velocities approach finite constants that are much smaller than the speed of light in vacuum for TBs with positive-slope impact faces.As for ETBs with vertical left edges,the naive velocities seem to also indicate the absence of the Hartman effect.These are quite distinct from rectangular barriers and may shed new light on the clarification of the tunneling time issues.展开更多
Triangular fibrocartilage complex injuries are common in amateur and professional sports.These injuries are mainly caused by acute or chronic repetitive axial loads on the wrist,particularly on the ulnar side and in a...Triangular fibrocartilage complex injuries are common in amateur and professional sports.These injuries are mainly caused by acute or chronic repetitive axial loads on the wrist,particularly on the ulnar side and in association with rotations or radial/ulnar deviations.In order to treat professional athletes,a detailed specific knowledge of the pathology is needed.Moreover,the clinician should fully understand the specific and unique environment and needs of the athletes,their priorities and goals,the type of sport,the time of the season,and the position played.An early diagnosis and appropriate management with the quickest possible recovery time are the uppermost goals for both the athlete and the surgeon.A compromise between conservative vs surgical indications,athletes’needs and expectations,and financial implications should be achieved.Arthroscopic procedures should be timely planned when indicated as they could allow early diagnosis and treatment at the same time.Conservative measures are often used as first line treatment when possible.Peripheral lesions are treated by arthroscopic repair,whilst central lesions are treated by arthroscopic debridement.Further procedures(such as the Wafer procedure,ulnar osteotomies,etc.)have specific indications and great implications with regard to rehabilitation.展开更多
It is a complex and important topic to study the linkage mechanism of government audit,social audit,and internal audit in the context of China’s high-quality economic development.The implementation of measures,such a...It is a complex and important topic to study the linkage mechanism of government audit,social audit,and internal audit in the context of China’s high-quality economic development.The implementation of measures,such as establishing a sound and perfect organizational safeguard mechanism,strengthening project collaborative audit mechanism,enhancing the mechanism for utilizing audit results,and establishing an audit and rectification joint mechanism can promote the efficient operation of the audit supervision system and the high-quality development of audit services.展开更多
BACKGROUND Extragastric lesions are typically not misdiagnosed as gastric submucosal tumor(SMT).However,we encountered two rare cases where extrinsic lesions were misdiagnosed as gastric SMTs.CASE SUMMARY We describe ...BACKGROUND Extragastric lesions are typically not misdiagnosed as gastric submucosal tumor(SMT).However,we encountered two rare cases where extrinsic lesions were misdiagnosed as gastric SMTs.CASE SUMMARY We describe two cases of gastric SMT-like protrusions initially misdiagnosed as gastric SMTs by the abdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomography(CT)and endoscopic ultrasound(EUS).Based on the CT and EUS findings,the patients underwent gastroscopy;however,no tumor was identified after incising the gastric wall.Subsequent surgical exploration revealed no gastric lesions in both patients,but a mass was found in the left triangular ligament of the liver.The patients underwent laparoscopic tumor resection,and the postoperative diagnosis was hepatic hemangiomas.CONCLUSION During EUS procedures,scanning across different layers and at varying degrees of gastric cavity distension,coupled with meticulous image analysis,has the potential to mitigate the likelihood of such misdiagnoses.展开更多
The rise of artificial microstructures has made it possible to modulate propagation of various kinds of waves,such as light,sound and heat.Among them,the focusing effect is a modulation function of particular interest...The rise of artificial microstructures has made it possible to modulate propagation of various kinds of waves,such as light,sound and heat.Among them,the focusing effect is a modulation function of particular interest.We propose an atomic level triangular structure to realize the phonon focusing effect in single-layer graphene.In the positive incident direction,our phonon wave packet simulation results confirm that multiple features related to the phonon focusing effect can be controlled by adjusting the height of the triangular structure.More interestingly,a completed different focusing pattern and an enhanced energy transmission coefficient are found in the reverse incident direction.The detailed mode conversion physics is discussed based on the Fourier transform analysis on the spatial distribution of the phonon wave packet.Our study provides physical insights to achieving phonon focusing effect by designing atomic level microstructures.展开更多
A stabilizer-free weak Galerkin(SFWG)finite element method was introduced and analyzed in Ye and Zhang(SIAM J.Numer.Anal.58:2572–2588,2020)for the biharmonic equation,which has an ultra simple finite element formulat...A stabilizer-free weak Galerkin(SFWG)finite element method was introduced and analyzed in Ye and Zhang(SIAM J.Numer.Anal.58:2572–2588,2020)for the biharmonic equation,which has an ultra simple finite element formulation.This work is a continuation of our investigation of the SFWG method for the biharmonic equation.The new SFWG method is highly accurate with a convergence rate of four orders higher than the optimal order of convergence in both the energy norm and the L^(2)norm on triangular grids.This new method also keeps the formulation that is symmetric,positive definite,and stabilizer-free.Four-order superconvergence error estimates are proved for the corresponding SFWG finite element solutions in a discrete H^(2)norm.Superconvergence of four orders in the L^(2)norm is also derived for k≥3,where k is the degree of the approximation polynomial.The postprocessing is proved to lift a P_(k)SFWG solution to a P_(k+4)solution elementwise which converges at the optimal order.Numerical examples are tested to verify the theor ies.展开更多
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs)are widely used and meet many demands in military and civilian fields.With the continuous enrichment and extensive expansion of application scenarios,the safety of UAVs is constantly bein...Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs)are widely used and meet many demands in military and civilian fields.With the continuous enrichment and extensive expansion of application scenarios,the safety of UAVs is constantly being challenged.To address this challenge,we propose algorithms to detect anomalous data collected from drones to improve drone safety.We deployed a one-class kernel extreme learning machine(OCKELM)to detect anomalies in drone data.By default,OCKELM uses the radial basis(RBF)kernel function as the kernel function of themodel.To improve the performance ofOCKELM,we choose a TriangularGlobalAlignmentKernel(TGAK)instead of anRBF Kernel and introduce the Fast Independent Component Analysis(FastICA)algorithm to reconstruct UAV data.Based on the above improvements,we create a novel anomaly detection strategy FastICA-TGAK-OCELM.The method is finally validated on the UCI dataset and detected on the Aeronautical Laboratory Failures and Anomalies(ALFA)dataset.The experimental results show that compared with other methods,the accuracy of this method is improved by more than 30%,and point anomalies are effectively detected.展开更多
Let U be a (B, A)-bimodule, A and B be rings, and be a formal triangular matrix ring. In this paper, we characterize the structure of relative Ding projective modules over T under some conditions. Furthermore, using t...Let U be a (B, A)-bimodule, A and B be rings, and be a formal triangular matrix ring. In this paper, we characterize the structure of relative Ding projective modules over T under some conditions. Furthermore, using the left global relative Ding projective dimensions of A and B, we estimate the relative Ding projective dimension of a left T-module.展开更多
This paper is an introduction to mesh based generated reluctance network modeling using triangular elements.Many contributions on mesh based generated reluctance networks using rectangular shaped elements have been pu...This paper is an introduction to mesh based generated reluctance network modeling using triangular elements.Many contributions on mesh based generated reluctance networks using rectangular shaped elements have been published,but very few on those generated from a mesh using triangular elements.The use of triangular elements is aimed at extending the application of the approach to any shape of modeled devices.Basic concepts of the approach are presented in the case of electromagnetic devices.The procedure for coding the approach in the case of a flat linear permanent magnet machine is presented.Codes developed under MATLAB environment are also included.展开更多
As a generalization of fuzzy set,hesitant probabilistic fuzzy set and pythagorean triangular fuzzy set have their own unique advantages in describing decision information.As modern socioeconomic decision-making proble...As a generalization of fuzzy set,hesitant probabilistic fuzzy set and pythagorean triangular fuzzy set have their own unique advantages in describing decision information.As modern socioeconomic decision-making problems are becoming more and more complex,it also becomes more and more difficult to appropriately depict decision makers’cognitive information in decision-making process.In order to describe the decision information more comprehensively,we define a pythagorean probabilistic hesitant triangular fuzzy set(PPHTFS)by combining the pythagorean triangular fuzzy set and the probabilistic hesitant fuzzy set.Firstly,the basic operation and scoring function of the pythagorean probabilistic hesitant triangular fuzzy element(PPHTFE)are proposed,and the comparison rule of two PPHTFEs is given.Then,some pythagorean probabilistic hesitant triangular fuzzy aggregation operators are developed,and their properties are also studied.Finally,a multi-attribute decision-making(MADM)model is constructed based on the proposed operators under the pythagorean probabilistic hesitant triangular fuzzy information,and an illustration example is given to demonstrate the practicability and validity of the proposed decision-making method.展开更多
This paper proposes a two-parameter block triangular splitting(TPTS)preconditioner for the general block two-by-two linear systems.The eigenvalues of the corresponding preconditioned matrix are proved to cluster aroun...This paper proposes a two-parameter block triangular splitting(TPTS)preconditioner for the general block two-by-two linear systems.The eigenvalues of the corresponding preconditioned matrix are proved to cluster around 0 or 1 under mild conditions.The limited numerical results show that the TPTS preconditioner is more efficient than the classic block-diagonal and block-triangular preconditioners when applied to the flexible generalized minimal residual(FGMRES)method.展开更多
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U1932215 and 12274186)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFA1402704)+1 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB33010100)the Synergetic Extreme Condition User Facility(SECUF)。
文摘After the discovery of the ARECh2(A=alkali or monovalent ions,RE=rare-earth,Ch=chalcogen)triangular lattice quantum spin liquid(QSL)family,a series of its oxide,sulfide,and selenide counterparts has been consistently reported and extensively investigated.While KErTe_(2) represents the initial synthesized telluride member,preserving its triangular spin lattice,it was anticipated that the substantial tellurium ions could impart more pronounced magnetic attributes and electronic structures to this material class.This study delves into the magnetism of KErTe_(2) at finite temperatures through magnetization and electron spin resonance(ESR)measurements.Based on the angular momentum J after spin-orbit coupling(SOC)and symmetry analysis,we obtain the magnetic effective Hamiltonian to describe the magnetism of Er^(3+)in R3m space group.Applying the mean-field approximation to the Hamiltonian,we can simulate the magnetization and magnetic heat capacity of KErTe_(2) in paramagnetic state and determine the crystalline electric field(CEF)parameters and partial exchange interactions.The relatively narrow energy gaps between the CEF ground state and excited states exert a significant influence on the magnetism.For example,small CEF excitations can result in a significant broadening of the ESR linewidth at 2 K.For the fitted exchange interactions,although the values are small,given a large angular momentum J=15/2 after SOC,they still have a noticeable effect at finite temperatures.Notably,the heat capacity data under different magnetic fields along the𝑐axis direction also roughly match our calculated results,further validating the reliability of our analytical approach.These derived parameters serve as crucial tools for future investigations into the ground state magnetism of KErTe_(2).The findings presented herein lay a foundation for exploration of the intricate magnetism within the triangular-lattice delafossite family.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11974108,11875127,and 12211530044)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.2020MS052).
文摘We study the phase,Larmor and dwell times of a particle scattered off triangular barriers(TBs).It is interesting that the dependences of dwell,reflective phase and Larmor times on the wave number,barrier width and height for a pair of mirror-symmetric(MS)exact triangular barriers(ETBs)are quite different,as the two ETBs have quite distinct scattering surfaces.In comparison,the dependence of the transmitted phase or Larmor times is exactly the same,since the transmitted amplitudes are the same for a pair of MS TBs.We further study the Hartman effect by defining the phase and Larmor velocities associated with the phase and Larmor times.We find no barrier width saturation effect for the transmitted and reflected times.This is indicated by the fact that all the velocities approach finite constants that are much smaller than the speed of light in vacuum for TBs with positive-slope impact faces.As for ETBs with vertical left edges,the naive velocities seem to also indicate the absence of the Hartman effect.These are quite distinct from rectangular barriers and may shed new light on the clarification of the tunneling time issues.
文摘Triangular fibrocartilage complex injuries are common in amateur and professional sports.These injuries are mainly caused by acute or chronic repetitive axial loads on the wrist,particularly on the ulnar side and in association with rotations or radial/ulnar deviations.In order to treat professional athletes,a detailed specific knowledge of the pathology is needed.Moreover,the clinician should fully understand the specific and unique environment and needs of the athletes,their priorities and goals,the type of sport,the time of the season,and the position played.An early diagnosis and appropriate management with the quickest possible recovery time are the uppermost goals for both the athlete and the surgeon.A compromise between conservative vs surgical indications,athletes’needs and expectations,and financial implications should be achieved.Arthroscopic procedures should be timely planned when indicated as they could allow early diagnosis and treatment at the same time.Conservative measures are often used as first line treatment when possible.Peripheral lesions are treated by arthroscopic repair,whilst central lesions are treated by arthroscopic debridement.Further procedures(such as the Wafer procedure,ulnar osteotomies,etc.)have specific indications and great implications with regard to rehabilitation.
文摘It is a complex and important topic to study the linkage mechanism of government audit,social audit,and internal audit in the context of China’s high-quality economic development.The implementation of measures,such as establishing a sound and perfect organizational safeguard mechanism,strengthening project collaborative audit mechanism,enhancing the mechanism for utilizing audit results,and establishing an audit and rectification joint mechanism can promote the efficient operation of the audit supervision system and the high-quality development of audit services.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,No.LQ20H030007 and No.LY20H030010the Zhejiang Medical Health Technology Project,No.2019KY393.
文摘BACKGROUND Extragastric lesions are typically not misdiagnosed as gastric submucosal tumor(SMT).However,we encountered two rare cases where extrinsic lesions were misdiagnosed as gastric SMTs.CASE SUMMARY We describe two cases of gastric SMT-like protrusions initially misdiagnosed as gastric SMTs by the abdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomography(CT)and endoscopic ultrasound(EUS).Based on the CT and EUS findings,the patients underwent gastroscopy;however,no tumor was identified after incising the gastric wall.Subsequent surgical exploration revealed no gastric lesions in both patients,but a mass was found in the left triangular ligament of the liver.The patients underwent laparoscopic tumor resection,and the postoperative diagnosis was hepatic hemangiomas.CONCLUSION During EUS procedures,scanning across different layers and at varying degrees of gastric cavity distension,coupled with meticulous image analysis,has the potential to mitigate the likelihood of such misdiagnoses.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12075168 and 11890703)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(Grant No.21JC1405600)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.22120230212)。
文摘The rise of artificial microstructures has made it possible to modulate propagation of various kinds of waves,such as light,sound and heat.Among them,the focusing effect is a modulation function of particular interest.We propose an atomic level triangular structure to realize the phonon focusing effect in single-layer graphene.In the positive incident direction,our phonon wave packet simulation results confirm that multiple features related to the phonon focusing effect can be controlled by adjusting the height of the triangular structure.More interestingly,a completed different focusing pattern and an enhanced energy transmission coefficient are found in the reverse incident direction.The detailed mode conversion physics is discussed based on the Fourier transform analysis on the spatial distribution of the phonon wave packet.Our study provides physical insights to achieving phonon focusing effect by designing atomic level microstructures.
文摘A stabilizer-free weak Galerkin(SFWG)finite element method was introduced and analyzed in Ye and Zhang(SIAM J.Numer.Anal.58:2572–2588,2020)for the biharmonic equation,which has an ultra simple finite element formulation.This work is a continuation of our investigation of the SFWG method for the biharmonic equation.The new SFWG method is highly accurate with a convergence rate of four orders higher than the optimal order of convergence in both the energy norm and the L^(2)norm on triangular grids.This new method also keeps the formulation that is symmetric,positive definite,and stabilizer-free.Four-order superconvergence error estimates are proved for the corresponding SFWG finite element solutions in a discrete H^(2)norm.Superconvergence of four orders in the L^(2)norm is also derived for k≥3,where k is the degree of the approximation polynomial.The postprocessing is proved to lift a P_(k)SFWG solution to a P_(k+4)solution elementwise which converges at the optimal order.Numerical examples are tested to verify the theor ies.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of The Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(Grant No.19JKB520031).
文摘Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs)are widely used and meet many demands in military and civilian fields.With the continuous enrichment and extensive expansion of application scenarios,the safety of UAVs is constantly being challenged.To address this challenge,we propose algorithms to detect anomalous data collected from drones to improve drone safety.We deployed a one-class kernel extreme learning machine(OCKELM)to detect anomalies in drone data.By default,OCKELM uses the radial basis(RBF)kernel function as the kernel function of themodel.To improve the performance ofOCKELM,we choose a TriangularGlobalAlignmentKernel(TGAK)instead of anRBF Kernel and introduce the Fast Independent Component Analysis(FastICA)algorithm to reconstruct UAV data.Based on the above improvements,we create a novel anomaly detection strategy FastICA-TGAK-OCELM.The method is finally validated on the UCI dataset and detected on the Aeronautical Laboratory Failures and Anomalies(ALFA)dataset.The experimental results show that compared with other methods,the accuracy of this method is improved by more than 30%,and point anomalies are effectively detected.
文摘Let U be a (B, A)-bimodule, A and B be rings, and be a formal triangular matrix ring. In this paper, we characterize the structure of relative Ding projective modules over T under some conditions. Furthermore, using the left global relative Ding projective dimensions of A and B, we estimate the relative Ding projective dimension of a left T-module.
文摘This paper is an introduction to mesh based generated reluctance network modeling using triangular elements.Many contributions on mesh based generated reluctance networks using rectangular shaped elements have been published,but very few on those generated from a mesh using triangular elements.The use of triangular elements is aimed at extending the application of the approach to any shape of modeled devices.Basic concepts of the approach are presented in the case of electromagnetic devices.The procedure for coding the approach in the case of a flat linear permanent magnet machine is presented.Codes developed under MATLAB environment are also included.
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Project of Hunan Province(2019SK2331)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2019JJ40099,2019JJ40100,2020JJ4339)+2 种基金the Key Scientific Research Project of Hunan Education Department(18A317,19A202)the Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department(20B272)the Innovation Foundation for Postgraduate of Hunan Institute of Science and Technology(YCX2020A34).
文摘As a generalization of fuzzy set,hesitant probabilistic fuzzy set and pythagorean triangular fuzzy set have their own unique advantages in describing decision information.As modern socioeconomic decision-making problems are becoming more and more complex,it also becomes more and more difficult to appropriately depict decision makers’cognitive information in decision-making process.In order to describe the decision information more comprehensively,we define a pythagorean probabilistic hesitant triangular fuzzy set(PPHTFS)by combining the pythagorean triangular fuzzy set and the probabilistic hesitant fuzzy set.Firstly,the basic operation and scoring function of the pythagorean probabilistic hesitant triangular fuzzy element(PPHTFE)are proposed,and the comparison rule of two PPHTFEs is given.Then,some pythagorean probabilistic hesitant triangular fuzzy aggregation operators are developed,and their properties are also studied.Finally,a multi-attribute decision-making(MADM)model is constructed based on the proposed operators under the pythagorean probabilistic hesitant triangular fuzzy information,and an illustration example is given to demonstrate the practicability and validity of the proposed decision-making method.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.61273311 and 61803247.
文摘This paper proposes a two-parameter block triangular splitting(TPTS)preconditioner for the general block two-by-two linear systems.The eigenvalues of the corresponding preconditioned matrix are proved to cluster around 0 or 1 under mild conditions.The limited numerical results show that the TPTS preconditioner is more efficient than the classic block-diagonal and block-triangular preconditioners when applied to the flexible generalized minimal residual(FGMRES)method.