Life-Cycle Bearing Capacity for Pre-Stressed T-beams Based on Full-Scale Destructive Test

To investigate the evolution of load-bearing characteristics of pre-stressed beams throughout their service life and to provide a basis for accurately assessing the actual working state of damaged pre-stressed concrete T-beams,destructive tests were conducted on full-scale pre-stressed concrete beams.Based on the measurement and ana-lysis of beam deflection,strain,and crack development under various loading levels during the research tests,combined with the verification coefficient indicators specified in the codes,the verification coefficients of bridges at different stages of damage can be examined.The results indicate that the T-beams experience complete,incom-plete linear,and non-linear stages during the destructive test process.In the complete linear elastic stage,both the deflection and bottom strain verification coefficients comply with the specifications,indicating a good structural load-bearing capacity no longer adheres to the code’s requirements.In the non-linear stage,both coefficients exhi-bit a sharp increase,resulting in a further decrease in the structure’s load-bearing capacity.According to the pro-visions of the current code,the beam can be in the incomplete linear stage when both values fall within the code’s specified range.The strain verification coefficient sourced from the compression zone at the bottom of theflange is not recommended for assessing the bridge’s load-bearing capacity.

A new tube chamber system for evaluation of anterior chamber pressure during phacoemulsification tested in porcine eyes

AIM:To measure the optimal anterior chamber pressure(ACP)for safe phacoemulsification using a new tube chamber system with internal pressure measurement function in the porcine eye.METHODS:The 20-gauge and 21-gauge straight tips with yellow and orange sleeves,respectively,were covered by a test chamber combined with a pressure sensor for measuring ACP.This was measured for 20s from 10s after starting aspiration in the linear mode using vacuum levels of 200 and 150 mm Hg with a 20-gauge tip,and 300 and 250 mm Hg with a 21-gauge tip.Using a porcine eye,a pressure sensor fixed with a 0.9 mm corneal incision measured ACP.For the posterior capsule contact assay,porcine eyes were treated as described above,and the ultrasonic needle tip was held at the height of the iris and aspirated for 30s in linear mode at a vacuum of 200 and 150 mm Hg for the 20-gauge tip,and 300 and 250 mm Hg for the 21-gauge tip.The bottle height at which the posterior capsule accidentally contacted the ultrasonic tip was recorded,and the estimated ACP was calculated.RESULTS:The internal pressure of the new tube chamber system and ACP from the porcine eye closely matched proportional changes at vacuum levels of 200 and 150 mm Hg with 20-gauge tips.Similarly,proportional changes at vacuum levels of 300 and 250 mm Hg with the 21-gauge tip were nearly equal.The bottle height at which the posterior capsule contacted with the tip and estimated ACP were 57.5±12.6 cm(20.2±7.9 mm Hg)at 200 mm Hg with a 20-gauge tip,35.0±10.0 cm(16.6±6.3 mm Hg)at 150 mm Hg with a 20-gauge tip,47.5±12.6 cm(18.7±8.7 mm Hg)at 300 mm Hg with a 21-gauge tip,and 32.5±5.0 cm(15.7±3.5 mm Hg)at 250 mm Hg with a 21-gauge tip.CONCLUSION:A comprehensive understanding of this chamber system’s characteristics and usage can resolve anterior chamber instability caused by changing preoperative settings on the phaco machine.

Landslide model tests with a miniature 2D principal stress sensor

Understanding the stress distribution derived from monitoring the principal stress(PS)in slopes is of great importance.In this study,a miniature sensor for quantifying the two-dimensional(2D)PS in landslide model tests is proposed.The fundamental principle and design of the sensor are demonstrated.The sensor comprises three earth pressure gages and one gyroscope,with the utilization of three-dimensional(3D)printing technology.The difficulties of installation location during model preparation and sensor rotation during testing can be effectively overcome using this sensor.Two different arrangements of the sensors are tested in verification tests.Additionally,the application of the sensor in an excavated-induced slope model is tested.The results demonstrate that the sensor exhibits commendable performance and achieves a desirable level of accuracy,with a principal stress angle error of±5°in the verification tests.The stress transformation of the slope model,generated by excavation,is demonstrated in the application test by monitoring the two miniature principal stress(MPS)sensors.The sensor has a significant potential for measuring primary stress in landslide model tests and other geotechnical model experiments.

Large-scale shaking table test on unlined tunnel in fault zone under threedimensional earthquake

A fault is a geological structure characterized by significant displacement of rock masses along a fault plane within the Earth's crust.The Yunnan Tabaiyi Tunnel intersects multiple fault zones,making tunnel construction in fault-prone areas particularly vulnerable to the effects of fault activity due to the complexities of the surrounding geological environment.To investigate the dynamic response characteristics of tunnel structures under varying surrounding rock conditions,a three-dimensional large-scale shaking table physical model test was conducted.This study also aimed to explore the damage mechanisms associated with the Tabaiyi Tunnel under seismic loading.The results demonstrate that poor quality surrounding rock enhances the seismic response of the tunnel.This effect is primarily attributed to the distribution characteristics of acceleration,dynamic strain,and dynamic soil pressure.A comparison between unidirectional and multi-directional(including vertical)seismic motions reveals that vertical seismic motion has a more significant impact on specific tunnel locations.Specifically,the maximum tensile stress is observed at the arch shoulder,with values ranging from 60 to 100 k Pa.Moreover,NPR(Non-Prestressed Reinforced)anchor cables exhibit a substantial constant resistance effect under low-amplitude seismic waves.However,when the input earthquake amplitude reaches 0.8g,local sliding occurs at the arch shoulder region of the NPR anchor cable.These findings underscore the importance of focusing on seismic mitigation measures in fault zones and reinforcing critical areas,such as the arch shoulders,in practical engineering applications.

Model tests and numerical analysis of emergency treatment of cohesionless soil landslide with quick-setting polyurethane

Shotcrete is one of the common solutions for shallow sliding.It works by forming a protective layer with high strength and cementing the loose soil particles on the slope surface to prevent shallow sliding.However,the solidification time of conventional cement paste is long when shotcrete is used to treat cohesionless soil landslide.The idea of reinforcing slope with polyurethane solidified soil(i.e.,mixture of polyurethane and sand)was proposed.Model tests and finite element analysis were carried out to study the effectiveness of the proposed new method on the emergency treatment of cohesionless soil landslide.Surcharge loading on the crest of the slope was applied step by step until landslide was triggered so as to test and compare the stability and bearing capacity of slope models with different conditions.The simulated slope displacements were relatively close to the measured results,and the simulated slope deformation characteristics were in good agreement with the observed phenomena,which verifies the accuracy of the numerical method.Under the condition of surcharge loading on the crest of the slope,the unreinforced slope slid when the surcharge loading exceeded 30 k Pa,which presented a failure mode of local instability and collapse at the shallow layer of slope top.The reinforced slope remained stable even when the surcharge loading reached 48 k Pa.The displacement of the reinforced slope was reduced by more than 95%.Overall,this study verifies the effectiveness of polyurethane in the emergency treatment of cohesionless soil landslide and should have broad application prospects in the field of geological disasters concerning the safety of people's live.

Advances in genotypic antimicrobialresistance testing: a comprehensive review

Antimicrobial resistance(AMR)represents a substantial threat to global public health,complicating the treatment of common infections and leading to prolonged illness and escalated healthcare expenses.To effectively combat AMR,timely and accurate detection is crucial for AMR surveillance and individual-based therapy.Phenotypic antibiotic resistance testing(AST)has long been considered the gold standard in clinical applications,serving as the foundation for clinical AMR diagnosis and optimized therapy.It has significantly contributed to ensuring patients′health and the development of novel antimicrobials.Despite advancements in automated culture-based AST technologies,inherent limitations impede the widespread use of phenotypic AST in AMR surveillance.Genotypic AST technologies offer a promising alternative option,exhibiting advantages of rapidity,high sensitivity,and specificity.With the continuous advancement and expanding applications of genotypic AST technologies,such as microfluidics,mass spectrometry,and high-resolution melting curve analysis,new vigor has been injected into the development and clinical implementation of genotypic AST technologies.In this narrative review,we discuss the principles,applications,and advancements of emerging genotypic AST methods in clinical settings.The comprehensive review aims to highlight the significant scientific potential of emerging genotypic AST technologies in clinical AMR diagnosis,providing insights to enhance existing methods and explore novel approaches.

Ultra-tight GPS/INS integration based long-range rocket projectile navigation method

Accurate navigation is important for long-range rocket projectile＇s precise striking. To obtain stable and high-per- formance navigation result, a ultra-tight global positioning system/inertial navigation system （GPS/INS） integration based nav- igation approach is proposed. The accurate short-time output of INS is used by GPS receiver to assist in acquisition of signal, and output information of INS and GPS is fused based on federated filter. Meanwhile, the improved cubature Kalman filter with strong tracking ability is chosen to serve as the local filter, and then the federated filter is enhanced based on vector sharing theory. Finally, simulation results show that the navigation accuracy with the proposed method is higher than that with traditional methods. It provides reference for long-range rocket projectile navigation.

LDRA Testbed在动车EBCU软件测试中的应用与研究

动车制动控制系统是高铁安全运行的重要保障。随着动车系统的复杂性和自动化程度的提高,对制动控制系统的软件测试也提出了更高的要求。文章通过将LDRA Testbed软件自动化测试工具应用于动车EBCU软件,详细介绍了静态分析、单元测试及集成测试的方法和步骤,并结合实际测试结果分析其有效性和重要性。通过全面的测试手段,不仅提高了EBCU软件的可靠性和安全性,还为动车制动控制系统的维护和优化提供了科学依据。

In- and Anti-transition of Firing Patterns Induced by Random Long-range Connections in Coupled Hindmarsh-Rose Neurons System

The effects of random long-range connections （shortcuts） on the transitions of neural firing patterns in coupled Hindmarsh-Rose neurons are investigated, where each neuron is subjected to an external current. It is found that, on one hand, the system can achieve the transition of neural firing patterns from the fewer-period state to the multi-period one, when the number of the added shortcuts in the neural network is greater than a threshold value, indicating the occurrence of in-transition of neural firing patterns. On the other hand, for a stronger coupling strength, we can also find the similar but reverse results by adding some proper random connections. In addition, the influences of system size and coupling strength on such transition behavior, as well as the internality between the transition degree of firing patterns and its critical characteristics for different external stimulation current, are also discussed.

AquiferTest软件在抽水试验中的应用

通过现场原位抽水试验确定的水文地质参数的精度和准确性会直接影响基坑降水工程的准确性和可靠性。结合在某场地进行的潜水非稳定流抽水试验,在数据处理过程中,传统人工配线法效率、精度低,运用AquiferTest软件计算了潜水含水层渗透系数,采用Neuman法、Boulton法、仿泰斯公式法计算,提高计算结果精度,并对计算结果进行分析优化得到最终结果,符合实际水文地质条件。

Ag、Cu、Au、Ni、Pd、Pt的Long-range Finis-Sinclair势构建及其二元合金形成焓的计算

构建了fcc金属Cu、Ag、Au、Ni、Pd、Pt的Long-range Finnis-Sinclair势,并利用晶格常数、体弹性模量和金属的内聚能的实验数据拟合了这几种金属的Long-range Finnis-Sinclair势参数;利用Miedema理论和所构建的原子间相互作用势计算了Cu,Ag,Au,Ni,Pd,Pt的二元合金的形成焓.对两种计算结果进行了比较,并与已有的实验结果进行了比较.结果表明,使用Long-range Finnis-Sinclair势计算合金的形成焓能够得到令人满意的结果.

SwinFusion: Cross-domain Long-range Learning for General Image Fusion via Swin Transformer

This study proposes a novel general image fusion framework based on cross-domain long-range learning and Swin Transformer,termed as SwinFusion.On the one hand,an attention-guided cross-domain module is devised to achieve sufficient integration of complementary information and global interaction.More specifically,the proposed method involves an intra-domain fusion unit based on self-attention and an interdomain fusion unit based on cross-attention,which mine and integrate long dependencies within the same domain and across domains.Through long-range dependency modeling,the network is able to fully implement domain-specific information extraction and cross-domain complementary information integration as well as maintaining the appropriate apparent intensity from a global perspective.In particular,we introduce the shifted windows mechanism into the self-attention and cross-attention,which allows our model to receive images with arbitrary sizes.On the other hand,the multi-scene image fusion problems are generalized to a unified framework with structure maintenance,detail preservation,and proper intensity control.Moreover,an elaborate loss function,consisting of SSIM loss,texture loss,and intensity loss,drives the network to preserve abundant texture details and structural information,as well as presenting optimal apparent intensity.Extensive experiments on both multi-modal image fusion and digital photography image fusion demonstrate the superiority of our SwinFusion compared to the state-of-theart unified image fusion algorithms and task-specific alternatives.Implementation code and pre-trained weights can be accessed at https://github.com/Linfeng-Tang/SwinFusion.

Long-range electron synergy over Pt_(1)-Co_(1)/CN bimetallic single-atom catalyst in enhancing charge separation for photocatalytic hydrogen production

The development of novel single-atom catalysts with optimal electron configuration and economical noble-metal cocatalyst for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen production is of great importance,but still challenging.Herein,we fabricate Pt and Co single-atom sites successively on polymeric carbon nitride(CN).In this Pt_(1)-Co_(1)/CN bimetallic single-atom catalyst,the noble-metal active sites are maximized,and the single-atomic Co_(1)N_4sites are tuned to Co_(1)N_3sites by photogenerated electrons arising from the introduced single-atomic Pt_(1)N_4sites.Mechanism studies and density functional theory(DFT)calculations reveal that the 3d orbitals of Co_(1)N_3single sites are filled with unpaired d-electrons,which lead to the improved visible-light response,carrier separation and charge migration for CN photocatalysts.Thereafter,the protons adsorption and activation are promoted.Taking this advantage of long-range electron synergy in bimetallic single atomic sites,the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity over Pt_(1)-Co_(1)/CN achieves 915.8 mmol g^(-1)Pt h^(-1),which is 19.8 times higher than Co_(1)/CN and 3.5 times higher to Pt_(1)/CN.While this electron-synergistic effect is not so efficient for Pt nanoclusters.These results demonstrate the synergistic effect at electron-level and provide electron-level guidance for the design of efficient photocatalysts.

Super long-range diffusion of carbon during proeutectoid ferrite transformation

In order to explore the possible diffusion distance of carbon during proeutectoid ferrite transformation, a slow cooling test of low carbon steel was carried out under vacuum of the thermal simulator. The microstructure and thermal expansion curve were discussed and the carbon concentration inside the sample was measured. The ferrite layer of about 450 μm thickness was obtained without pearlite on the surface of the sample in the microstructure. The thermal expansion curve shows that the ferrite layer without pearlite is formed during the local phase transformation, which is followed by the global transformation. The carbon concentration in the core of the sample (0.061%) is significantly higher than that of the bulk material (0.054%). All results show that carbon has long-range diffusion from the outer layer to the inner layer of the sample. The transformation is predominantly interface-controlled mode during local transformation, and the interface migration rate is about 2.25 μm/s.

The influence of magnetic field on the beam quality of relativistic electron beam long-range propagation in near-Earth environment

In recent years,it has been proposed to use satellite-mounted radio-frequency(RF)accelerators to produce high-current relativistic electron beams to complete debris removal tasks.However,when simulating the long-range propagation(km-range)process of the electron beam,it is difficult to directly use the particle-in-cell method to simultaneously consider the space charge effect of beam and the influence of the geomagnetic field.Owing to these limitations,in this paper,we proposed a simplified method.The ps-range electronic micropulses emitted by the RF accelerator were transmitted and fused to form a ns-range electron beam;then,combined with the improved moving window technology,the model was constructed to simulate the long-range propagation process of the relativistic electron beam in near-Earth environment.Finally,by setting the direction of movement of the beam to be parallel,perpendicular and at an inclination of 3°to the magnetic field,we analyzed and compared the effects of the applied magnetic fields in different directions on the quality of the beam during long-range propagation.The simulation results showed that the parallel state of the beam motion and magnetic fields should be achieved as much as possible to ensure the feasibility of the space debris removal.

Self-sustained target waves in excitable media with only a long-range link

In this paper we investigate spatiotemporal pattern formation in excitable media with only a long-range link. Besides the trivial solutions of spiral patterns, we find the asymptotic self-sustained target waves in the autonomous tissues. The wave source supporting this kind of new pattern is the oscillatory one-dimensional Winfree-loop self- organized under the presence of a long-range link, which is explored by the dominant phase-advanced driving method. Based on this understanding we can effectively regulate the oscillations of excitable media by suitably arranging the long-range link, including construction of self-sustained target waves with controllable period and wave length, or manipulation of system states between different patterns.

Preliminary research on the relationship between long-range correlations and predictability

By establishing the Markov model for a long-range correlated time series （LRCS） and analysing its evolutionary characteristics, this paper defines a physical effective correlation length （ECL） T, which reflects the predictability of the LRCS. It also finds that the ECL has a better power law relation with the long-range correlated exponent γ of the LRCS： T = Kexp（-γ/0.3） ＋ Y, （0 〈 γ〈 1） the predictability of the LRCS decays exponentially with the increase of γ It is then applied to a daily maximum temperature series （DMTS） recorded at 740 stations in China between the years 1960-2005 and calculates the ECL of the DMTS. The results show the remarkable regional distributive feature that the ECL is about 10-14 days in west, northwest and northern China, and about 5-10 days in east, southeast and southern China. Namely, the predictability of the DMTS is higher in central-west China than in east and southeast China. In addition, the ECL is reduced by 1-8 days in most areas of China after subtracting the seasonal oscillation signal of the DMTS from its original DMTS; however, it is only slightly altered when the decadal linear trend is removed from the original DMTS. Therefore, it is shown that seasonal oscillation is a significant component of daily maximum temperature evolution and may provide a basis for predicting daily maximum temperatures. Seasonal oscillation is also significant for guiding general weather predictions, as well as seasonal weather predictions.

THE VLASOV-POISSON-BOLTZMANN SYSTEM NEAR MAXWELLIANS FOR LONG-RANGE INTERACTIONS

In this article, we are concerned with the construction of global smooth small-amplitude solutions to the Cauchy problem of the one species Vlasov-Poisson-Boltzmann system near Maxwellians for long-range interactions. Compared with the former result obtained by Duan and Liu in [12] for the two species model, we do not ask the initial perturbation to satisfy the neutral condition and our result covers all physical collision kernels for the full range of intermolecular repulsive potentials.

A Long-Range Generalized Predictive Control Algorithm for a DFIG Based Wind Energy System

This paper presents a new Long-range generalized predictive controller in the synchronous reference frame for a wind energy system doubly-fed induction generator based. This controller uses the state space equations that consider the rotor current and voltage as state and control variables, to execute the predictive control action. Therefore, the model of the plant must be transformed into two discrete transference functions, by means of an auto-regressive moving average model, in order to attain a discrete and decoupled controller, which makes it possible to treat it as two independent single-input single-output systems instead of a magnetic coupled multiple-input multiple-output system. For achieving that, a direct power control strategy is used, based on the past and future rotor currents and voltages estimation. The algorithm evaluates the rotor current predictors for a defined prediction horizon and computes the new rotor voltages that must be injected to controlling the stator active and reactive powers. To evaluate the controller performance, some simulations were made using Matlab/Simulink. Experimental tests were carried out with a small-scale prototype assuming normal operating conditions with constant and variable wind speed profiles. Finally, some conclusions respect to the dynamic performance of this new controller are summarized.

Analysis of Long-Range Transmission Loss in the West Pacific Ocean

A long-range sound propagation experiment was conducted in the West Pacific Ocean in July 2013. Linear frequency-modulated signals with a frequency band of 260-360Hz were transmitted by a transducer hung on a floating ship during the experiment and were received by a horizontal line array towed by another ship sailing away from the transducer. The maximum distance between the two ships was 1029km. Signals were received at the distances 34-220 kin, 612-635 km and 926-1029 kin. Transmission loss versus distance between source and receiver was obtained and compared with the theoretical results predicted by the parabolic equation method program RAM. It is shown that RAM is adequate for estimating the transmission loss for distances up to 1029km. When the water depth is larger than the surface conjugate depth, the ocean bottom rarely influences the transmission loss in the convergence zones. However, in the opposite situation, the ocean bottom contributes significantly to the transmission loss.