Design and Implementation of a Battery Big Data Platform Through Intelligent Connected Electric Vehicles

The development of a battery management algorithm is highly dependent on high-quality battery operation data,especially the data in extreme conditions such as low temperatures.The data in faults are also essential for failure and safety management research.This study developed a battery big data platform to realize vehicle operation,energy interaction and data management.First,we developed an electric vehicle with vehicle navigation and position detection and designed an environmental cabin that allows the vehicle to operate autonomously.Second,charging and heating systems based on wireless energy transfer were developed and equipped on the vehicle to investigate optimal charging and heating methods of the batteries in the vehicle.Third,the data transmission network was designed,a real-time monitoring interface was developed,and the self-developed battery management system was used to measure,collect,upload,and store battery operation data in real time.Finally,experimental validation was performed on the platform.Results demonstrate the efficiency and reliability of the platform.Battery state of charge estimation is used as an example to illustrate the availability of battery operation data.

Design and Characterization of Electrical Connections for Conductive Yarns

The development of flexible and stretchable electronics has attracted much attention.As an important part of wearable electronic systems,the connection between conductive yarns and electronic components affects the stability and accuracy of their electrical reliability.In this paper,three different connections were attempted to electrically and mechanically link two conductive yarns,including soldering followed by waterborne polyurethane(WPU)encapsulation,coating of conductive silver adhesive with WPU encapsulation,as well as coating of conductive silver adhesive with polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)encapsulation.The surface morphologies and electro-mechanical behaviors of the three created connected conductive yarns were characterized.Compared with their electro-mechanical behaviors of the established three connections,the connection with soldering remained electrically conductive to around 200%,which mainly came from the stress concentration between the stiff soldering and soft conductive yarns.However,the coating of conductive silver adhesive and encapsulated protection of PDMS can make the connected conductive yarns stretchable up to 300%with almost constant electrical resistance.

Energy-Optimal Braking Control Using a Double-Layer Scheme for Trajectory Planning and Tracking of Connected Electric Vehicles

Most researches focus on the regenerative braking system design in vehicle components control and braking torque distribution,few combine the connected vehicle technologies into braking velocity planning.If the braking intention is accessed by the vehicle-to-everything communication,the electric vehicles(EVs)could plan the braking velocity for recovering more vehicle kinetic energy.Therefore,this paper presents an energy-optimal braking strategy(EOBS)to improve the energy efficiency of EVs with the consideration of shared braking intention.First,a double-layer control scheme is formulated.In the upper-layer,an energy-optimal braking problem with accessed braking intention is formulated and solved by the distance-based dynamic programming algorithm,which could derive the energy-optimal braking trajectory.In the lower-layer,the nonlinear time-varying vehicle longitudinal dynamics is transformed to the linear time-varying system,then an efficient model predictive controller is designed and solved by quadratic programming algorithm to track the original energy-optimal braking trajectory while ensuring braking comfort and safety.Several simulations are conducted by jointing MATLAB and CarSim,the results demonstrated the proposed EOBS achieves prominent regeneration energy improvement than the regular constant deceleration braking strategy.Finally,the energy-optimal braking mechanism of EVs is investigated based on the analysis of braking deceleration,battery charging power,and motor efficiency,which could be a guide to real-time control.

AI Based Traffic Flow Prediction Model for Connected and Autonomous Electric Vehicles

There is a paradigm shift happening in automotive industry towards electric vehicles as environment and sustainability issues gainedmomentum in the recent years among potential users.Connected and Autonomous Electric Vehicle(CAEV)technologies are fascinating the automakers and inducing them to manufacture connected autonomous vehicles with self-driving features such as autopilot and self-parking.Therefore,Traffic Flow Prediction(TFP)is identified as a major issue in CAEV technologies which needs to be addressed with the help of Deep Learning(DL)techniques.In this view,the current research paper presents an artificial intelligence-based parallel autoencoder for TFP,abbreviated as AIPAE-TFP model in CAEV.The presented model involves two major processes namely,feature engineering and TFP.In feature engineering process,there are multiple stages involved such as feature construction,feature selection,and feature extraction.In addition to the above,a Support Vector Data Description(SVDD)model is also used in the filtration of anomaly points and smoothen the raw data.Finally,AIPAE model is applied to determine the predictive values of traffic flow.In order to illustrate the proficiency of the model’s predictive outcomes,a set of simulations was performed and the results were investigated under distinct aspects.The experimentation outcomes verified the effectual performance of the proposed AIPAE-TFP model over other methods.

Overview of the Rectangular Wire Windings AC Electrical Machine

The rectangular wire winding AC electrical machine has drawn extensive attention due to their high slot fill factor,good heat dissipation,strong rigidity and short end-windings,which can be potential candidates for some traction application so as to enhance torque density,improve efficiency,decrease vibration and weaken noise,etc.In this paper,based on the complex process craft and the electromagnetic performance,a comprehensive and systematical overview on the rectangular wire windings AC electrical machine is introduced.According to the process craft,the different type of the rectangular wire windings,the different inserting direction of the rectangular wire windings and the insulation structure have been compared and analyzed.Furthermore,the detailed rectangular wire windings connection is researched and the general design guideline has been concluded.Especially,the performance of rectangular wire windings AC machine has been presented,with emphasis on the measure of improving the bigger AC copper losses at the high speed condition due to the distinguished proximity and skin effects.Finally,the future trend of the rectangular wire windings AC electrical machine is prospected.

A Multivariable, Two-Dimensional Plot of Electromagnetic, Electric Field and Seismic Information for the Characterization of Earthquake Precursors

Removal of the electrical shielding from a type of Fourier transform seismometer overlays seismic information with Extremely Low Frequency-range (ELF) electromagnetic signals between about 0.3 Hz and 36 Hz (the ITU-designated range of ELF is 3 to 30 Hz). The observed signals originate in the electric power grid, shown clearly by the fact that they are sum and difference heterodyne products with the power grid’s higher harmonics of 60 Hz, typically the 36th and 37th, because the seismometer’s chosen frequency modulation (FM) carrier frequency is roughly 2200 Hz. It is especially interesting that on 2017-03-19, prior to 14:25:12 UTC, the instrument recorded an 11 minute sequence of 20.3 Hz ELF outbursts that culminated intimately with a 3.2 magnitude earthquake located a few miles west of Bardwell KY. These ~20.3 Hz ELF signals, very near the third Schumann resonance frequency, have been recorded numerous times. They are distinctive and fairly strong, ranging 15 to 30 db or more above the noise floor, but definitely not an every-day event;months can pass without them. So far most of these ELF signals do not have an intimately associated earthquake, with the event of 2017-03-19 being one of only two exceptions recorded thus far. That quake’s location was more than one hundred miles from the instrument, in the New Madrid Seismic Zone (NMSZ). The second case, a quake in Kansas, was about three times farther from the instrument, and its ELF signals were correspondingly weaker. Those other, unassociated electromagnetic events might come from quakes too weak to detect, but it should be noted that stronger, easily detected quakes also rarely exhibit any ELF/seismic “connectivity”. This paper describes an instrument that overlays ELF, electric field and seismic signals. The instrument’s two-dimensional (2D) output has a time axis (horizontal) resolution of ~3 seconds and an ELF frequency (vertical) resolution of ~0.3 Hz.

Analysis of Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Usage in Proximity to Charging Infrastructure in Indiana

This paper explores the movement of connected vehicles in Indiana for vehicles classified by the NHTSA Product Information Catalog Vehicle listing as being either electric (EV) or hybrid electric (HV). Analysis of trajectories from July 12-18, 2021 for the state of Indiana observed nearly 33,300 trips and 267,000 vehicle miles travelled (VMT) for the combination of EV and HV. Approximately 53% of the VMT occurred in just 10 counties. For just EVs, there were 9814 unique trips and 64,700 Electric Vehicle Miles Traveled (EVMTs) in total. A further categorization of this revealed that 18% of these EVMTs were on Interstate roadways and 82% on non-interstate roads. Proximity analysis of existing DC Fast charging stations in relation to interstate roadways revealed multiple charging deserts that would be most benefited by additional charging capacity. Eleven roadway sections among the 9 interstates were found to have a gap in available DC fast chargers of 50 miles or more. Although the connected vehicle data set analyzed did not include all EV’s the methodology presented in this paper provides a technique that can be scaled as additional EV connected vehicle data becomes available to agencies. Furthermore, it emphasizes the need for transportation agencies and automotive vendors to strengthen their data sharing partnerships to help accelerate the adoption of EV and reduce consumer range anxiety with EV. Graphics are included that illustrate examples of counties that are both overserved and underserved by charging infrastructure.

On the Electric Conductivity of Homoionic Montmorillonites at Low Water Content

Bibliographic reports on the electric conductivity of pure homoionic montmorillonite at low water content were analyzed in order to stress a general behavior of conductivity. At low water content, the conductivity is attributed to a mechanism of charge transport involving protons due to the influence of the electric field of the exchangeable cations on water molecules at the solvation shell. Conductivity was analyzed in relation with the polarizing power （ionic potential） of the exchangeable cations and with the influence of the connectivity within samples. The general conclusion stressed is that the connectivity due to the association between 2：1 unit layers （clay fabric） is the main factor on the experimental or ＂macroscopic＂ electric conductivity of pure homoionic montmorillonite at low water content. Considerations on the experimental conditions of different bibliographic reports were also made. The conclusion and the considerations made on experimental conditions are a good starting point for future researches on electric conductivity ofhomoionic montmorillonite at low water content.

基于电成像的孔洞型碳酸盐岩储层连通性评价

碳酸盐岩储层非均质性强,孔隙结构复杂,相较于常规碎屑岩储层,其孔隙度、渗透率关系的规律及特征不明显。碳酸盐岩储层的连通性与孔洞特征具有强相关性,且连通性是影响储层渗透率的重要因素,因此,对碳酸盐岩孔洞连通性的评价是孔洞型碳酸盐岩储层评价的关键问题。以伊拉克东南部B油田FQ-1井M组MB21亚油组孔洞型碳酸盐岩储层为例,基于地层微电阻率扫描成像(FMI)测井的高分辨率动态图像,利用最大类间方差算法(OTSU)进行二次迭代分割,识别电成像图像孔洞;根据8连通域标记法标记连通孔洞;提取每个连通孔洞的特征孔径、内部最长通道距离、内部最长通道与水平方向夹角、平均通道宽度这4个几何参数,最终构建孔洞型碳酸盐岩储层连通指数。连通指数在伊拉克东南部B油田FQ-1井M组MB21亚油组孔洞型碳酸盐岩储层的应用表明,利用此方法建立的连通指数与FQ-1井碳酸盐岩储层岩心渗透率相关系数达0.8437,并且连通指数曲线的趋势符合岩心渗透率在储层不同深度的分布情况,证明了连通指数可以指示储层孔隙结构较好、溶蚀孔洞发育的深度段,并可以划分储层中连通性较好的深度区间,该参数对于寻找碳酸盐岩储层渗透层具有重要意义。

考虑车网互动的园区电网动态双层能量管理策略

为解决大量接入的清洁能源出力波动和充电场内汽车数量的随机变化给电网能量管理带来的困难,提出一种园区电网双层优化控制策略.上层基于模型预测控制技术建立风光储集成动态优化模型,综合应用园区电池储能系统和电动汽车(EV)电池储能系统参与电网能量平衡.下层则考虑同时满足EV车主对EV的充电需求和上层能量调度的车网互动管理需求,制定园区电网内停车场的EV有序充放电策略.仿真算例验证表明:所提策略能将分散园区各处的EV储能集成为统一虚拟储能,扩展园区电网储能系统,增加可再生分布式电源的消纳与园区电网的经济效益.

基于多尺度密集连接网络的电容层析成像图像重建

为求解电容层析成像中的非线性病态反问题,提出了一种多尺度密集连接网络(MD-Net)模型。该模型由多尺度特征融合模块和密集连接块组成,以通过融合多尺度特征进一步提高图像的重建精度。通过MATLAB仿真实验平台构建了流型数据集,利用密集连接网络的非线性映射能力,完成训练集的学习与训练,并利用测试集进行训练效果评价。在此基础上进行了静态实验。仿真与静态实验结果均表明:与LBP、Landweber迭代算法和其他深度学习方法相比,该方法的重建精度最高、抗噪能力强,并具有良好的泛化能力。

超级电容技术支持下电力储能功率调节系统仿真

储能过程中,相电压、相电流的频繁变化是导致电力功率无法保持稳定状态的主要原因,为解决上述问题,针对超级电容技术支持下电力储能功率调节系统进行仿真设计。在主电路传输回路中,设置有源滤波器与并网逆变器,实现对储能功率的调节,完成电力储能功率调节系统硬件单元的仿真设计。定义超级电容模型,并将其串联在电力回路中,从而在控制电力脉冲功率的同时,实施对电功率的等效调试,完成对电力系统储能功率的全面调节。

交流高压静电防护服装标准的解读

为推动标准的有效推广和实施,以及交流高压静电防护服装的科学制备和合理适用,对GB/T18136—2008《交流高压静电防护服装及试验方法》和DL/T 1238—2013《1000 kV交流系统用静电防护服装》中的关键技术指标进行了探讨。对比分析了两个标准的异同点,并提出了合理化建议,为标准的修订提供参考。认为:应进一步增加衣料撕破强力、透湿量、色牢度、甲醛含量、pH值、接缝强力等考核指标,并明确相关考核指标的测试参数。

接触面积对H62/T2弹性接触载流摩擦副性能的影响

针对接触条件对电连接器热插拔条件下性能影响不明的问题,采用H62/T2弹性接触摩擦副,在微-滑动摩擦试验机上,对其进行往复滑动载流摩擦实验,研究了接触面积对H62/T2载流摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明:在给定电流为2 A、4 A、6 A条件下,随接触面积的增加,摩擦系数波动性降低,即摩擦过程的稳定性提高,平均摩擦系数和总磨损体积均呈现增大趋势;在电流为2 A条件下,当圆弧半径从1.5 mm增加至5.5 mm时,电流波动性减小,载流稳定性提高,载流效率η从98.26%提高至99.73%。摩擦副的摩擦磨损机制包括磨粒磨损、粘着磨损、电弧侵蚀且多机制耦合作用,随接触面积的增加,以熔融和喷溅为主的电弧侵蚀减少,以犁沟和粘着为主的机械磨损加剧。

基于用电特性分析的充电桩电价执行异常识别方法

随着全球变暖和环境污染问题日益突出,新能源汽车逐渐成为汽车产业发展的必然趋势。由于新能源电动汽车充电电价设定较低,出现了很多充电桩“高价低接”违约用电行为。文章采用互信息算法提炼有效的充电桩用户行为特征指标,结合主成分分析与最近邻(K-nearest neighbor,KNN)分类算法,构建充电桩电价执行异常智能识别模型,迅速准确定位违约用电用户,极大提高了稽查工作效率。通过实例分析,对比查准率、查全率、F1值、ROC曲线、AUC值等多项评估指标,验证了模型的有效性。

电导率作为排水管道水质特征指标的潜力分析

水质在线监测是推进排水管道实时分析与动态管理的重要基础。由于监测便捷、成本较低,电导率已被广泛应用于水环境日常监测与水处理效果分析等领域。文章综述了电导率在指示各类水质污染中的应用情况,发现排水系统中的电导率特征主要受排入的雨水及污水中离子含量变化的影响;综合分析排水管道水质特性与安装条件以及电导率测量原理后发现,以电磁法为测量原理的电导率在线监测设备具有更好的适用性,其测量的稳定性和设备的耐受性也要远高于其他化学指标;基于雨污混合试验,发现电导率可以灵敏地反馈不同的雨污混合比。综上,电导率作为排水管道的水质特征初筛指标具有显著优势,但仍需在属地特征方面做好前期研究工作。

串补电容对锁相环主导下变流器振荡问题的影响分析

串联电容补偿技术在电网中被广泛应用,然而串补电容的动态特性对锁相环型变流器的稳定性有重要的影响。为分析此影响,在极坐标下建立变流器经串补并网系统的阻抗模型,并导出考虑串补电容的广义阻抗判据。在此基础上,阐明了串补电容与锁相环的动态耦合以及相应的稳定机制。进一步地,分析了电网强度、串补度和锁相环参数变化对系统稳定性的影响,并提出基于广义阻抗判据的锁相环参数设计方法,以提升变流器经串补并网系统的稳定性。研究表明变流器经串补并网后容易恶化弱电网下锁相环主导的次同步振荡问题,且提升锁相环比例增益可显著增强串补并网系统的稳定性。

基于负荷介数的配电网电气连通性检测试验研究

在10 kV以上的高压配电网电气连通性检测中,负荷介数有较好的指标意义,并且介入性较小。通过运算高压配电网内各节点的加权介数与节点结构关键度,获得各节点的负荷介数,依据各节点负荷介数辨识出配电网内的关键节点;通过对配电网网络拓扑图的描述数据结构实施更改,设计针对拓扑图的连通性算法,采用此算法检测负荷介数,辨识出高压配电网内关键节点的电气连通性。试验研究结果表明,该方法可辨识出高压配电网内关键节点,且辨识结果准确可靠,能够针对辨识出的关键节点实施连通性检测,且具有较高的检测速度与精度,检测性能优越。

多路水电混用快速插拔系统的设计及应用

为了实现多路水、电连接与断开的自动化操作,开发了一种多路水电混用快速插拔系统。系统由插拔板、驱动机构、控制模块等组成,核心部件插拔板结构包括动板、定板、电连接器、流体连接器、导向结构、浮动对接结构等。采用了一种双流道密封直插直拔式流体连接器,解决了流体带压插拔的技术难题,设计了浮动对接结构,在一定位置偏差情况下插拔板仍能准确对接。为测试样机产品使用效果,同步研发并加工了测试试验机。测试结果表明,导向的最优配合间隙为0.2mm,经2000次插拔测试,产品运行稳定,使用效果良好。

燃油车和纯电车混杂智能网联队列系统的节能与稳定控制

提出了一种燃油汽车和纯电动汽车混杂的异构智能网联队列系统节能策略与稳定控制方法。考虑了异质车辆动力学特征、通讯时滞和外界干扰等多重不利因素对队列稳定性的影响,建立了异质车辆队列非线性系统动力学模型和能耗模型;基于能耗成本和后退动态规划方法,推导出了单车经济车速;依据所提出的节能型车间距策略,构建了状态跟踪误差系统;基于连续时间域分布式鲁棒控制方法,给出了在干扰和信息时滞下的队列系统稳定判据。对包含4辆跟随车的混杂队列系统进行仿真测试。结果表明:在保持队列系统稳定的前提下,4辆跟随车辆节能效果分别提高1.90%、1.25%、19.11%和12.22%。