Relationship among Teacher,Students and Teaching Material based on Balance Theory

Balance theory holds that when the subject is in the unbalanced state,there is two basic way to eliminate this situation.One is to change his attitude on the cognitive object;the other is to change the subject's attitude on reference person.To ex plain the relationship among teacher,students and teaching material by applying the Balance theory can help us find and solve problems during the education.It can generate motivation to restore a new balance to promote the development of education.

The Multi-Polar Structure and New Balance of the China-US Relationship

The multi-polar structure is a new international relationship structure, which differs greatly from both the bi-polar and uni-polar structures in both structure and nature, mainly emerging from the evolution of two aspects: first, the meaning of"polar"has undergone a major change; and second, beyond the power structure, the relationship structure between nations is much different from the past and is inflicting an increasingly important impact on the structure. Decentralization is the core implication of the multi-polar structure. In the current reality of international politics, decentralization refers to the dissolution of US hegemony, as different nations and power centers are busy competing and cooperating with one another at different levels in accordance with their own advantages and characteristics. Globally, the multi-polar structure manifests a state in which the current power structure is loosening, while international relationships have become more diversified due to their ongoing development. This is the development of a new relationship structure that is of great significance and what calls for our closest attention.

Soil phosphorus dynamic, balance and critical P values in longterm fertilization experiment in Taihu Lake region, China

Phosphorus（P） is an important macronutrient for plant but can also cause potential environmental risk. In this paper, we studied the long-term fertilizer experiment（started 1980） to assess the soil P dynamic, balance, critical P value and the crop yield response in Taihu Lake region, China. To avoid the effect of nitrogen（N） and potassium（K）, only the following treatments were chosen for subsequent discussion, including： C0（control treatment without any fertilizer or organic manure）, CNK treatment（mineral N and K only）, CNPK（balanced fertilization with mineral N, P and K）, MNK（integrated organic manure and mineral N and K）, and MNPK（organic manure plus balanced fertilization）. The results revealed that the response of wheat yield was more sensitive than rice, and no significant differences of crop yield had been detected among MNK, CNPK and MNPK until 2013. Dynamic and balance of soil total P（TP） and Olsen-P showed soil TP pool was enlarged significantly over consistent fertilization. However, the diminishing marginal utility of soil Olsen-P was also found, indicating that high-level P application in the present condition could not increase soil Olsen-P contents anymore. Linear-linear and Mitscherlich models were used to estimate the critical value of Olsen-P for crops. The average critical P value for rice and wheat was 3.40 and 4.08 mg kg^（–1）, respectively. The smaller critical P value than in uplands indicated a stronger ability of P supply for crops in this paddy soil. We concluded that no more mineral P should be applied in rice-wheat system in Taihu Lake region if soil Olsen-P is higher than the critical P value. The agricultural technique and management referring to activate the plant-available P pool are also considerable, such as integrated use of low-P organic manure with mineral N and K.

Improvement of soil fertility and rice yield after long-term application of cow manure combined with inorganic fertilizers

Fertilization is an effective technique to improve soil fertility and increase crop yield.The long-term effects of different fertilizers on soil considerably vary.Over 38 consecutive years of different fertilization positioning experiments in a double cropping rice field of Qiyang Red Soil Experimental Station,seven different fertilization treatments including CK(no fertilization),NPK(nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium fertilizer),M(cow manure),NPKM(nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium with cow manure),NPM(nitrogen and phosphorus with cow manure),NKM(nitrogen and potassium with cow manure),and PKM(phosphorus and potassium with cow manure)were applied to study the effects on rice yield,soil fertility,and nutrient apparent balance in a paddy field.The results showed that the annual average yields of rice in NPKM,NPM,NKM,PKM,M,NPK and CK treatments ranged from 6214 to 11562 kg ha-1.Yields under long-term organic and inorganic treatments(NPKM,NPM,NKM and PKM)were 22.58,15.35,10.53 and 4.41%,respectively,greater than under the NPK treatment.Soil organic carbon(SOC),total nitrogen(TN),available nitrogen(AN)and available potassium(AK)concentration with long-term organic and inorganic treatment(NPKM,NPM,NKM and PKM)were significantly higher than in inorganic fertilizer(NPK)treatments.Soil total phosphorus(TP)and available phosphorus(AP)contentration with organic fertilizer combined with inorganic N and P fertilizer treatment(NPKM,NPM and PKM)were significantly higher than with inorganic fertilizer alone(NPK treatments).The average annual rice yield(11562 kg ha-1),SOC(20.88 g kg-1),TN(2.30 g kg-1),TP(0.95 g kg-1),TK(22.50 g kg-1)and AP(38.94 mg kg-1)concentrations were the highest in the NPKM treatment.The soil AN concentration(152.40 mg kg-1)and AK contentration(151.00 mg kg-1)were the highest in the NKM treatment.N and P application led to a surplus of nitrogen and phosphorus in the soil,but NPKM treatment effectively reduced the surplus compared with other treatments.Soils under all treatments were deficient in potassium.Correlation analysis showed that SOC,TN,AN,TP,and AP contentration was significantly correlated with rice yield;the correlation coefficients were 0.428,0.496,0.518,0.501,and 0.438,respectively.This study showed that the combined application of N,P,and K with cow manure had important effects on rice yield and soil fertility,but balanced application of N,P,and K with cow manure was required.

Impacts of Opinion Propagation on Social Balance

In social networks, opinions diffusion often leads to relationships evolution. Then changes of relationships result in the change of balance degree of social system. We simulate the opinion diffusion on Barabasi & Albert (BA) network and Watts & Strogatz (WS) network to study the effects of the two types of networks, dynamical parameters and structural parameters on the balance degree of system. We employ the spectral analysis to quantify the balance degree of system before and after opinion propagation. The result reveals that it is very similar effect of BA networks and WS networks on it. However, it is opposite effects between dynamical parameters and structural parameters. The balance degree of system is proportional to the two dynamical factors (P,Q) at initial state and always inversely proportional to the two structural factors (,Pne) at initial and convergence state.

区域水平衡及失衡程度度量方法

区域水平衡量化及诊断是水网工程建设优化和水资源均衡调控的基础,对提升水安全保障能力、支撑经济社会稳定发展、实现人水和谐具有重要意义。本文从空间、时间、结构、过程、总量五个维度解构了区域人水系统的四大平衡,即反映水收入项和支出项定量关系的水收支平衡、体现经济社会供水量与需水量匹配关系的经济社会供需水平衡、结合经济社会-生态系统发展与用水定量关系的经济社会与生态用水平衡、表征人水系统发展状态的人水关系和谐平衡,并提出相应的水平衡度量方法。多角度解析了区域水平衡的失衡状态,提出四大平衡的失衡程度度量方法及区域水平衡的失衡程度综合度量方法。以沁河流域为实例应用和检验了上述方法,结果表明:提出的度量方法具有科学性和适用性,能够应用于区域水平衡研究实践;2019年沁河流域水平衡的失衡度为0.327,处于蓄水量减少、水资源短缺、生态端亏水、水系统受损的中度失衡状态,后续应注重人类涉水行为的管控。研究成果可为区域水平衡评估与调控提供理论支撑,服务国家或区域水平衡策略制定和水网工程规划。

经济社会与生态用水平衡计算规则与方法

从平衡的概念出发,针对经济社会与生态用水竞争问题,提出了经济社会与生态用水平衡的概念,并论述了其内涵及特性;构建了经济社会与生态用水平衡计算规则框架,包括遵循四大规律、基于六大理论、考虑六大因素、符合三大准则;提出了经济社会与生态用水平衡的计算思路,包括资料处理、量化计算、结果检验3个步骤,并给出了其计算方法和计算结果表征方式。以2019年沁河流域为例,量化了流域经济社会与生态用水平衡;在求解一次平衡点以及经济社会用水刚性约束、生态用水刚性约束、综合效益刚性约束条件下平衡结果的基础上,综合考虑六大因素以及总需水量与水资源总量关系,确定了沁河流域经济社会与生态用水平衡点,即经济社会用水与生态用水的比例为0.71∶0.29。

我国本科职业教育治理的批判性思考:场域理论的视角

基于场域理论的视角,分析我国本科层次职业教育各场域及其组织间的互动情境,以此探寻不同场域与组织间的关系。立足科层管理、育人定位、职业技能和社会空间四个主要关系场域,思考如何突破科层权力失衡、育人资本缺失、职业惯习固化、社会资源协同不足等困局,进而结合组织与场域理论的适切性,分析路径过程为“入场准备”“中场适应”“出场联动”三个阶段。为应对关系场域形成的困局,提出应从以下三个场域阶段进行治理路径探究:首先是入场的环境建构,考虑权力与文化资本的完善;其次是控场的惯习重塑,重在加深职业行动能力;最后是出场的社会资本联动,关注治理的社会化发展,以期丰富我国本科职业教育治理思路,促进治理多样化发展。

论马克思法哲学的基础

长期以来流传甚广但迄今为止尚未解决的一道难题是对马克思法哲学基础的原则性错解。这一错解不仅在理论上造成了对马克思重要经典思想的错解,而且在实践中对我国社会主义法制建设产生了诸多不利的影响。这一误解认为马克思把法和法律看成是统治阶级意志的产物。这一误解会给人一种错觉,以为法制不过是权力和意志的附庸、工具和手段。然而马克思认为,无论是主张法律是权力的表现还是认为法律是意志的表现都是错误的;本质上,法律既与权力无关也与意志无关,而只与生产力和生产的经济条件有关。经济条件与生产力构成一种可以用自然科学精确性指明的平衡关系,而法和法律与生产力和经济条件在此平衡的基础上构成一种不平衡关系。政制的特点表现为强力和及时,法制则具有长效和稳定的特点。社会主义国家比资本主义国家有更长远的规划,因此比资本主义国家更需要建立健全法制建设,习近平总书记关于全过程人民民主的重要论述对此有重要的指导作用。

基于权值对三角关系中结构平衡的预测研究

[研究目的]随着信息化社会的不断发展变化,开源情报的重要性日益突出。通过社交网络中的公开信息对实体间的关系演化进行预测,为使用者提供决策支持。[研究方法]利用微博文本数据挖掘技术,对一年内的官博文本进行收集和清洗,再运用共现次数及链路赋予数值等方法,构建社会关系网络,以预测结构不平衡的社交网络。[研究结论]研究结果表明,该方法在一定参数约束下能够生成符合预期的社会关系网络,并有效预测在社会关系网络中结构不平衡状态下可能出现的变化。

基于手机信令的重庆市渝中区职住空间关系研究

依据手机信令大数据,识别具有稳定居住地与工作地的人群,探究重庆市渝中区职工的通勤联系及平衡特征。研究结果显示,内部通勤、内向通勤与外向通勤者主要集中于20~35岁年龄段人群,35岁后职工的通勤人数明显减少。渝中区职工平均通勤距离为5.28 km。内向通勤人口数量随通勤距离增长衰减更快,且聚集规模及强度大于外向通勤。渝中区职住结构在数量及质量上并不平衡,但好于往年及东部平原大城市。渝中区职住分布的相对均衡与“交通-空间结构”的耦合有效提高了重庆市主城区多中心空间的运行绩效。

基于用户-配变功率平衡关系的高比例户用光伏户变关系模型研究

目前,分布式光伏发展迅猛,户用光伏系统在低压配电网中的并网数量增长迅速,需建立准确的互变关系为线损计算提供必要的支持。但传统方法很难保证户变关系记录档案更新的灵活性与有效性。对相关文献进行查阅,结合用户-配变功率平衡关系,建立高比例户用光伏的低压户变关系的多元线性回归模型,结合光伏时序识别、电压聚类的优化目标函数等技术,对模型准确率进行优化与提升,强化户变关系的准确率,以期为户用光伏工作的高质量开展提供技术支持。

基于均差容量的电池运维系统均衡策略及实现

运维系统可以实现电池储能电站的均衡管理,为解决电池不确定性导致的SOC估算问题,设计了含CAN总线和电池组识别模块的运维系统硬件电路,并提出了一种基于特征数据提取的SOC估算方法;在此基础上,以电池组作为能量来源开发了均衡控制模块,研究了基于均差容量的主动均衡策略以获得均衡时长和电流,从而解决平均电压法易于引起均衡失效的问题。实验结果表明,该电池运维系统可以实现储能电站多个电池组的数据采集,在SOC差异5%、10%、15%等工况下均可进行持续补电,最大电流达到1.5 A,有效提高了电池组内部电池的一致性水平。

基于多元数据驱动的配电网户变关系识别方法

针对配电网户变关系识别不准确而影响配电网正常运作和故障诊断定位的问题,提出了一种基于多元数据驱动的配电网户变关系识别方法。首先,定义了电压的多维波动特征参数指标;其次,采用t分布随机邻域嵌入(t-SNE)算法对电压波动特征矩阵进行降维;然后,利用BIRCH聚类算法对降维后的电压波动特征进行聚类,生成虚拟用户;最后,基于用户功率与上级电表的功率平衡关系假设进行户变关系配对,完成配电网户变关系的识别。案例分析结果表明,相比于之前的户变关系识别方法,所提方法提高了识别准确率。

基于Lotka-Volterra模型的社交平台的流量之争分析

文章以抖音与微信活跃用户数量作为研究对象,在Lotka-Volterra模型的基础上加以改进,建立抖音与微信社交软件平台之间的用户数竞争模型并进行全面的动力学行为分析,得出抖音和微信市场规模达到正平衡点可实现资源的合理利用,实现最大经济效益。

Nitrogen mobility,ammonia volatilization,and estimated leaching loss from long-term manure incorporation in red soil

Nitrogen（N） loss from fertilization in agricultural fields has an unavoidable negative impact on the environment and a better understanding of the major pathways can assist in developing the best management practices. The aim of this study was to evaluate the fate of N fertilizers applied to acidic red soil（Ferralic Cambisol） after 19 years of mineral（synthetic） and manure fertilizer treatments under a cropping system with wheat-maize rotations. Five field treatments were examined： control（CK）, chemical nitrogen and potash fertilizer（NK）, chemical nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer（NP）, chemical nitrogen, phosphorus and potash fertilizer（NPK） and the NPK with manure（NPKM, 70% N from manure）. Based on the soil total N storage change in 0–100 cm depth, ammonia（NH_3） volatilization, nitrous oxide（N_2O） emission, N plant uptake, and the potential N leaching loss were estimated using a mass balance approach. In contrast to the NPKM, all mineral fertilizer treatments（NK, NP and NPK） showed increased nitrate（NO_3~–） concentration with increasing soil depth, indicating higher leaching potential. However, total NH_3 volatilization loss was much higher in the NPKM（19.7%） than other mineral fertilizer treatments（≤4.2%）. The N_2O emissions were generally low（0.2–0.9%, the highest from the NPKM）. Total gaseous loss accounted for 1.7, 3.3, 5.1, and 21.9% for NK, NP, NPK, and NPKM treatments, respectively. Estimated N leaching loss from the NPKM was only about 5% of the losses from mineral fertilizer treatments. All data demonstrated that manure incorporation improved soil productivity, increased yield, and reduced potential leaching, but with significantly higher NH_3 volatilization, which could be reduced by improving the application method. This study confirms that manure incorporationis an essential strategy in N fertilization management in upland red soil cropping system.

Long-Term Study of Lake Evaporation and Evaluation of Seven Estimation Methods: Results from Dickie Lake, South-Central Ontario, Canada

Establishing satisfactory calculation methods of lake evaporation has been crucial for research and manage-ment of water resources and ecosystems. A 30 year dataset from Dickie Lake, south-central Ontario, Canada added to the limited long-term studies on lake evaporation. Evaporation during ice-free season was calcu-lated separately using seven evaporation methods, based on field meteorology, hydrology and lake water temperature data. Actual evaporation determined during a portion of a year was estimated using a lake en-ergy budget model, and the estimation was used as reference evaporation for evaluation of the seven methods. The deviation of method-induced evaporation from the reference evaporation was compared among the seven methods, and a performance rank was proposed based on the root mean squared deviation and coeffi-cient of efficiency. As for the whole ice-free season (roughly May to November), the water balance was the best method, followed by Makkink, DeBruin-Kejiman, Penman, Priestley-Taylor, Hamon, and Jensen-Haise methods. As for shorter duration (a week to a month), the DeBruin-Kejiman was the best method, followed by Penman, Priestley-Taylor, Makkink, Hamon, Jensen-Haise, and water balance method. Annual and sea-sonal changes of energy budget terms and the compensation function of lake heat storage in evaporation flux were also analyzed.

维持黄河流域水沙平衡的调控指标阈值体系研究

推进黄河流域系统治理与黄河水沙协同调控是确保黄河长久安澜的关键。因受气候、生态、地形地貌和强人类活动等多系统耦合影响,约束黄河水沙整体行为的分系统协调以及各单系统水沙关系协调的表征指标筛选及其阈值确定,一直是治黄实践的难题。基于维持黄河全流域水沙平衡,构建了黄土高原-干流河道-河口水沙协同调控三级指标阈值体系,包括1个一级指标、8个二级指标和20个三级指标。结果表明:(1)流域侵蚀防控指标阈值体系中,60%的林草梯田覆盖率下可致产沙的次降水量阈值为57 mm;可基本遏制流域产沙的林草有效覆盖率和梯田比阈值分别为60%和40%;淤地坝拦沙减蚀阈值为三级沟道控制率40%~50%。(2)河道水沙调控指标阈值体系中,近期宁蒙河段平滩流量阈值约为2 000 m^(3)/s,远期黑山峡水库建成后宁蒙河段平滩流量阈值约为2 500 m^(3)/s;近期潼关高程调控阈值约为328 m,远期古贤水库建成后潼关高程可冲刷下降至326 m左右;下游河道平滩流量阈值约为4 000 m^(3)/s。(3)考虑黄河三角洲淤蚀动态平衡,河口稳定沙量阈值约为2.6亿t/a。

陈云综合平衡论及其启示

陈云综合平衡论形成于抗日战争和解放战争时期,丰富和成熟于新中国成立初期国民经济恢复、社会主义经济制度基本建立和改革开放的伟大社会实践之中。陈云综合平衡论主要内容包括:经济建设要在稳定中增长,建设规模要与国力相适应;要保持总量平衡和主要结构平衡,促进国民经济要按比例发展;要处理好民生和建设的关系;注重农轻重协调发展,并优先确保农业发展等。陈云综合平衡论是马克思主义和中国社会主义经济建设实践具体结合的思想结晶,是马克思主义经典作家政治经济学思想的继承与发展。陈云综合平衡论对我国新发展阶段促进共同富裕具有重要的指导意义。