Exploring the Long-Term Mechanism of the Construction of College Teachers’Ethics in the New Era Under the Concept of“Sanquan Education”

This paper takes the long-term mechanism exploration of the construction of teachers’ethics in the new era under the concept of“Sanquan education,”aiming to explore how to establish a long-term mechanism of the construction to meet the needs of college education development under the background of the new era.A series of targeted measures and suggestions are put forward,including improving the system and mechanism,strengthening the education and training of teachers’ethics,and establishing the evaluation and assessment mechanism.The implementation of these measures can promote the formation of the long-term mechanism of the construction of teachers’ethics in colleges and universities,improve teachers’ethics and behavior quality,and provide strong support for the development of education in colleges and universities.

基于改进EfficientNetB0模型的葡萄叶部病害识别方法

为了高效、准确地识别葡萄叶部病害,文中提出了LE-EfficientNet模型,在EfficientNetB0模型基础上,采用大核注意力(LKA)机制替换原模型部分MBConv模块中的压缩激励网络(SENet),接着利用跳跃连接在最后一层卷积层后面融入高效通道注意力机制(ECA),结合三种注意力机制让网络更高效地提取葡萄叶部病害的局部重要信息,并引用Adam优化器替换原模型的SGD优化器,提升了分类模型的泛化能力。在PlantVillage葡萄叶部病害数据集上训练,结果表明,LE-EfficientNet模型相比原模型准确率提升了1.58%,总体精度提升了1.62%,召回率提升了1.46%,F_(1)分数提升了1.53%,并且参数量仅有10.18 MB,比原模型参数量降低2.7 MB,与其他经典网络模型相比,性能评估指标均有不同程度的提升,该研究为葡萄叶部病害识别提供了新的参考与借鉴。

Formation mechanism of nanopores in dense films of anodic alumina

Constant-current anodization of pure aluminum was carried out in non-corrosive capacitor working electrolytes to study the formation mechanism of nanopores in the anodic oxide films.Through comparative experiments,nanopores are found in the anodic films formed in the electrolytes after high-temperature storage(HTS)at 130°C for 240 h.A comparison of the voltage-time curves suggests that the formation of nanopores results from the decrease in formation efficiency of anodic oxide films rather than the corrosion of the electrolytes.FT-IR and UV spectra analysis shows that carboxylate and ethylene glycol in electrolytes can easily react by esterification at high temperatures.Combining the electronic current theory and oxygen bubble mold effect,the change in electrolyte composition could increase the electronic current in the anodizing process.The electronic current decreases the formation efficiency of anodic oxide films,and oxygen bubbles accompanying electronic current lead to the formation of nanopores in the dense films.The continuous electronic current and oxygen bubbles are the prerequisites for the formation of porous anodic oxides rather than the traditional field-assisted dissolution model.

Operational mechanism of comprehensive benefit evaluation of existing building energy efficient renovation project based on value-added life

The comprehensive benefit evaluation of the existing building energy efficient renovation project cannot be separated from the scientific and effective evaluation mechanism.Based on the value-added life perspective,this paper analyzes the implementation subject,standard,system and principle of the comprehensive benefit evaluation of the existing building energy efficient renovation project.It plans the process of comprehensive benefit evaluation,and builds a scientific and reasonable operation platform of evaluation system,with a view to promoting the effective implementation of the comprehensive benefit evaluation of existing building energy-saving retrofits.

Bionic Design and Simulation Analysis of Energy⁃Efficient and Vibration⁃Damping Walking Mechanism

African ostrich can run for 30 min at a speed of 60 km/h in the desert,and its hindlimb has excellent energy saving and vibration damping performance.In order to realize the energy⁃efficient and vibration⁃damping design of the leg mechanism of the legged robot,the principle of engineering bionics was applied.According to the passive rebound characteristic of the intertarsal joint of the ostrich foot and the characteristic of variable output stiffness of the ostrich hindlimb,combined with the proportion and size of the structure of the ostrich hindlimb,the bionic rigid⁃flexible composite legged robot single⁃leg structure was designed.The locomotion of the bionic mechanical leg was simulated by means of ADAMS.Through the motion simulation analysis,the influence of the change of the inner spring stiffness coefficient within a certain range on the vertical acceleration of the body centroid and the motor power consumption was studied,and the optimal stiffness coefficient of the inner spring was obtained to be 200 N/mm,and it was further verified that the inner and outer spring mechanism could effectively reduce the energy consumption of the mechanical leg.Simulation results show that the inner and outer spring mechanism could effectively reduce the motor energy consumption by about 72.49%.

Thermally Evaporated ZnSe for Efficient and Stable Regular/Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells by Enhanced Electron Extraction

Electron transport layers(ETLs)are crucial for achieving efficient and stable planar perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Reports on versatile inorganic ETLs using a simple film fabrication method and applicability for both low-cost planar regular and inverted PSCs with excellent efficiencies(>22%)and high stability are very limited.Herein,we employ a novel inorganic ZnSe as ETL for both regular and inverted PSCs to improve the efficiency and stability using a simple thermal evaporation method.The TiO_(2)-ZnSe-FAPbl_(3)heterojunction could be formed,resulting in an improved charge collection and a decreased carrier recombination further proved through theoretical calculations.The optimized regular PSCs based on TiO_(2)/ZnSe have achieved 23.25%efficiency with negligible hysteresis.In addition,the ZnSe ETL can also effectively replace the unstable bathocuproine(BCP)in inverted PSCs.Consequently,the ZnSe-based inverted device realizes a champion efficiency of 22.54%.Moreover,the regular device comprising the TiO_(2)/ZnSe layers retains 92%of its initial PCE after 10:00 h under 1 Sun continuous illumination and the inverted device comprising the C_(60)/ZnSe layers maintains over 85%of its initial PCE at 85℃for 10:00 h.This highlights one of the best results among universal ETLs in both regular and inverted perovskite photovoltaics.

Mechanisms of Difference in Mn Efficiency Between Wheat and Oilseed Rape

By solution culture experiment, three wheat genotypes (Ttiticum aestivum L.) and two oilseed rape genotypes (Brassica napus L.) differing in Mn efficiency under Mn-deficient conditions were used to study mechanisms of the difference in Mn efficiency between wheat and oilseed rape. The results showed that there were significant differences in the abilities of MnIV reduction and acidification in root rhizosphere between the two species. Compared with wheat, oilseed rape had much higher reducing capacity and intensity of rhizosphere acidification under Mn-deficient conditions. Moreover, the higher ratio of functional leaves Mn/old leaves Mn in oilseed rape than in wheat was also an important factor for the different Mn efficiencies between the two species.

改进EfficientNet图像分类的恶意流量检测模型

基于深度学习流量图像分类的恶意流量检测模型大多专注于通过改进学习器来提高准确率,忽视了图像数据集中因图像的复杂程度导致的图像样本不平衡、特征提取不佳的问题。针对该问题,提出一种改进EfficientNet图像分类的恶意流量检测模型。首先将注意力机制SE(Squeeze-Excitation)模块替换为ECA(Efficient Channel Attention)模块,增强网络对图像有效特征的提取。然后通过替换EfficientNet模型最后Softmax层中的损失函数,提高模型提取图像特征的能力。最后给模型增加容忍度机制,在模型训练准确率一直未能提高的情况下,可以依据指标回调模型的学习率,进而提高模型的检测准确率。使用913个恶意网络流量PCAP可视化图像公共数据集进行实验验证,其中测试平均准确率为97.51%,损失率为0.02%,相对原模型准确率提高1.93%,损失率减少0.07%,说明本文改进的EfficientNet模型具有一定的适用性和有效性。

Numerical and experimental analyses of rock failure mechanisms due to microwave treatment

Despite the extensive studies conducted on the effectiveness of microwave treatment as a novel rock preconditioning method,there is yet to find reliable data on the rock failure mechanisms due to microwave heating.In addition,there is no significant discussion on the energy efficiency of the method as one of the important factors among the mining and geotechnical engineers in the industry.This study presents a novel experimental method to evaluate two main rock failure mechanisms due to microwave treatment without applying any mechanical forces,i.e.distributed and concentrated heating.The result shows that the existence of a small and concentrated fraction of a strong microwave absorbing mineral will change the failure mechanism from the distributed heating to the concentrated heating,which can increase the weakening over microwave efficiency(WOME)by more than 10 folds.This observation is further investigated using the developed coupled numerical model.It is shown that at the same input energy,the existence of microwave absorbing minerals can cause major heat concentration inside the rock and increase the maximum temperature by up to three times.

3D inner-outer asymmetric sponge for enormous-volume emulsion wastewater treatment based on a new“demulsification-transport”mechanism

Although oily wastewater treatment realized by superwetting materials has attracted heightened attention in recent years,how to treat enormous-volume emulsion wastewater is still a tough problem,which is ascribed to the emulsion accumulation.Herein,to address this problem,a material is presented by subtly integrating chemical demulsification and 3D inner-outer asymmetric wettability to a sponge substrate,and thus wettability gradient-driven oil directional transport for achieving unprecedented enormous-volume emulsion wastewater treatment is realized based on a“demulsification-transport”mechanism.The maximum treatment volume realized by the sponge is as large as 3 L(2.08×10^(4) L per cubic meter of the sponge)in one cycle,which is about 100 times of the reported materials.Besides,owing to the large pore size of the sponge,9000 L m^(2)h^(-1)(LMH)separation flux and 99.5%separation efficiency are realized simultaneously,which overcomes the trade-off dilemma.Such a 3D inner-outer asymmetric sponge displaying unprecedented advantage in the treatment volume can promote the development of the oily wastewater treatment field,as well as expand the application prospects of superwetting materials,especially in continuous water treatment.

Efficiency and mechanism of pretreatment on water supply in reservoirs of Yellow River by subsurface constructed wetlands

In order to improve the source water quality of drinking water and mitigate the load of drinking water treatment plant, a pilot test was conducted with integrated horizontal flow constructed wetlands to pretreat the water supply in the reservoirs of Yellow River. Resuhs show that under the hydraulic loading rate of 4 m^3/（ m^2 · d）, the average removal rates of chemical oxygen demand （COD）, total nitrogen （TN）, ammonium nitrogen （ NH4 ^＋ - N）, nitrate nitrogen （ NO3 ^- - N）, nitrite - nitrogen （ NO2^ - - N） and total phosphorus （TP） in the horizontal flow constructed wetlands are 49. 68% , 53.01%, 48.48%, 53.61% , 62. 57% and 49. 56%, re- spectively. The study on purifying mechanism of the constructed wetlands indicates that the disposal of contamination by subsurface wetlands is the combined actions of physical chemistry, plants and microorganism.

Efficient Frontier via Production Functions and Mechanization

This study attempts to reconcile data envelopment analysis (DEA) with the production function approach in economics. We examine not only the inputs of capital and labor, but also the ranges of these inputs in production process steps, and endogenously derive a Leontief production function. The Leontief production functions shift northeasterly owing to mechanization, which is the replacement of labor inputs by capital inputs in some steps. Consequently, we describe the efficient frontier as the convex hull of the Leontief production functions. Furthermore, we consider the possibility of efficient production below the efficient frontier.

Countermeasures for Establishing a Long-term Security Mechanism for Landless Farmers

In the process of urbanization,farmers will inevitably lose their land,which is resulted from the large-scale requisition of rural collective land.The imperfect social security system in rural areas has resulted in a large number of landless farmers being transformed into urban poor people.Therefore,proper resettlement of landless farmers and the establishment of a long-term security mechanism for ensuring the basic livelihood of landless farmers are important issues that need to be resolved in the process of China’s social and economic development.

Mechanism of current efficiency improvement of Zn-Fe alloy electroplating by hydrogen inhibitor

The effect of hydrogen inhibitor on partial current densities ofZn, Fe and differential capacitance of electrode/electrolyte interface, and adsorbing type of hydrogen inhibitor were studied by the methods of electrochemistry. The mechanism of current efficiency improvement were explained from the point of valence electron theory. The results indicate that the partial current density of Fe increases in addition of hydrogen inhibitor, which reaches the maximum of 0.14 A/dm^2 when current density is 0.2 A/din〈 Differential capacitance of electrode/electrolyte interface decreases obviously from 20.3μF/cm^2 to 7 μF/cm^2 rapidly with the concentration varying from 0 to 20 mL/L, because hydrogen inhibitor chemically adsorbs on active points of Fe electrode surface selectively. Element S in hydrogen inhibitor with negative electricity and strong capacity of offering electron shares isolated electrons with Fe. The adsorption of H atom is inhibited when adsorbing on active points of Fe electrode surface firstly, and then current efficiency of Zn-Fe alloy electroplating is improved accordingly.

Electronegativity explanation on the efficiency-enhancing mechanism of the hybrid inorganic–organic perovskite ABX_3 from first-principles study

Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites play an important role in improving the efficiency of solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells. In this paper, we systematically explore the efficiency-enhancing mechanism of ABX_3（A = CH_3NH_3; B = Sn,Pb; X = Cl, Br, I） and provide the best absorber among ABX_3 when the organic framework A is CH_3NH_3 by first-principles calculations. The results reveal that the valence band maximum（VBM） of the ABX_3 is mainly composed of anion X p states and that conduction band minimum（CBM） of the ABX_3 is primarily composed of cation B p states. The bandgap of the ABX_3 decreases and the absorptive capacities of different wavelengths of light expand when reducing the size of the organic framework A, changing the B atom from Pb to Sn, and changing the X atom from Cl to Br to I. Finally, based on our calculations, it is discovered that CH_3NH_3 Sn I_3has the best optical properties and its light-adsorption range is the widest among all the ABX_3 compounds when A is CH_3NH_3. All these results indicate that the electronegativity difference between X and B plays a fundamental role in changing the energy gap and optical properties among ABX_3 compounds when A remains the same and that CH_3NH_3 Sn I_3 is a promising perovskite absorber in the high efficiency solar batteries among all the CH_3NH_3BX_3 compounds.

The Mesh Efficiency of the Planetary Mechanism of 2K-H[D] Style

The mesh efficiency of the planetary mechanism of 2K - H[D] style is discussed. It comes to a new formula. Usually, an approximate value is taken as the mesh efficiency of a planetary mechanism. If the formula is used, the theoretical value of mesh efficiency can be gotten. The theoretical mesh efficiency can help engineers to know the true efficiency of 2K - H[D] style when it runs. The mesh efficiency serves the transmitting efficiency of a planetary mechanism.

The Efficiency of Multi-Range Hydro-Mechanical Stepless Transmission

Aim To determine efficiency of multi-range hydro-mechanical stepless transmis- sion(HMT).Methods Ageneral model of HMT was of HMT was structured.On the basis of power flow analysis, the efficiency was obtained,Results efficiency of multi-range HMT changes continuously with output speed in speed range and is higher than the highest point of the hydraulic efficiency,The volumetric efficiency can potentially result in the speed fluctuation, which can be reduced or eliminated through controlling the ratio of the displacements ofhydraulic unity properly or changing the point of range exchanging .And the mechanical- constant output torque or different output torque under the condition of constant pressure when the transmission works in different parts of a range,Conclusion The multi-range HMT is an ideal stepless transmission with high efficiency.

Hydraulic support crushed mechanism for the shallow seam mining face under the roadway pillars of room mining goaf

While the fully-mechanized longwall mining technology was employed in a shallow seam under a room mining goaf and overlained by thin bedrock and thick loose sands, the roadway pillars in the abandoned room mining goaf were in a stress-concentrated state, which may cause abnormal roof weighting, violent ground pressure behaviours, even roof fall and hydraulic support crushed(HSC) accidents. In this case,longwall mining safety and efficiency were seriously challenged. Based on the HSC accidents occurred during the longwall mining of 3-1-2 seam, which locates under the intersection zone of roadway pillars in the room mining goaf of 3-1-1 seam, this paper employed ground rock mechanics to analyse the overlying strata structure movement rules and presented the main influence factors and determination methods for the hydraulic support working resistance. The FLAC3 D software was used to simulate the overlying strata stress and plastic zone distribution characteristics. Field observation was implemented to contrastively analyse the hydraulic support working resistance distribution rules under the roadway pillars in strike direction, normal room mining goaf, roadway pillars in dip direction and intersection zone of roadway pillars. The results indicate that the key strata break along with rotations and reactions of the coal pillars deliver a larger concentrated load to the hydraulic support under intersection zone of roadway pillars than other conditions. The ‘‘overburden strata-key strata-roadway pillars-immediate roof" integrated load has exceeded the yield load that leads to HSC accidents. Findings in HSC mechanism provide a reasonable basis for shallow seam mining, and have important significance for the implementation of safe and efficient mining.

Fault Tree Analysis of Dust Suppression Mechanism in a Spray System with Wetting Agent

By using the fault tree analysis in reliability theory as the systematical analysis approach, the dust suppression mechanism in a spray system with wetting agent is shown in a logic tree and some graphical models. From these diagrams, all factors related to the spray system and their cause and effect relationship can be seen clearly. Based on the built logic tree, several mathematical models and new ideas for expressing the dust suppressing efficiency in the spray system are put forward. The significance of all factors related to the efficiency of suppressing dust is qualitatively described. Furthermore, the new concepts, such as, the effective reaction time between dust particle and droplet, the expansion phenomenon of laden dust droplet, the functions of volatile and the relative size distribution efficiency of wetting agent are presented. All this richenes the existing mechanism of dust abatement by spraying wetting agent. At last, several problems that need to be further investigated are also suggested in the paper.

Nitrogen Deep Placement Combined with Straw Mulch Cultivation Enhances Physiological Traits,Grain Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Mechanical Pot-Seedling Transplanting Rice

To assess the effects of straw return coupled with deep nitrogen(N)fertilization on grain yield and N use efficiency(NUE)in mechanical pot-seedling transplanting(MPST)rice,the seedlings of two rice cultivars,i.e.,Yuxiangyouzhan and Wufengyou 615 transplanted by MPST were applied with N fertilizer at 150 kg/hm2 and straw return at 6 t/hm2 in early seasons of 2019 and 2020.The experiment comprised of following treatments:CK(no fertilizer and no straw return),MDS(deep N fertilization and straw return),MBS(broadcasting fertilizer and straw return),MD(deep N fertilization without straw return),MB(broadcasting fertilizer without straw return).Results depicted that the MDS treatment significantly increased the rice yield by 41.69%-72.22%due to total above-ground biomass,leaf area index and photosynthesis increased by 54.70%-55.80%,38.52%-52.17%and 17.89%-28.40%,respectively,compared to the MB treatment.In addition,the MDS treatment enhanced the total N accumulation by 37.74%-43.69%,N recovery efficiency by 141.45%-164.65%,N agronomic efficiency by 121.76%-134.19%,nitrate reductase by 46.46%-60.86%and glutamine synthetase by 23.56%-31.02%,compared to the MB treatment.The average grain yield and NUE in both years for Yuxiangyouzhan were higher in the MDS treatment than in the MD treatment.Hence,deep N fertilization combined with straw return can be an innovative technique with improved grain yield and NUE in MPST in South China.