[Objective] The aim was to select the optimal amount of controlled-release fertilizer and provide theoretical references for controlled-release fertilizers use in summer maize. [Method] Long-term controlled-release fe...[Objective] The aim was to select the optimal amount of controlled-release fertilizer and provide theoretical references for controlled-release fertilizers use in summer maize. [Method] Long-term controlled-release fertilizers were applied once at sowing summer maize to explore effects on maize growth, yield, economic profits and environment. [Result] Maize yield reduced a little in the treatment group with 60% CRF, and increased in varying degrees in the rest groups in the range of 1.1%-7.4%, and some showed significant differences. [Conclusion] Controlled-release fertilizers can be applied once at the amount of 80% common fertilizer＇s, with con- sideration of maize yield, nitrogen use rate and economic profits, which is beneficial for summer maize application and promotion in North China.展开更多
Due to the large-scale production and wide applications, many nanoparticles(NPs) enter wastewater treatment plants and accumulate in activated sludge. It is reported that titanium dioxide(Ti O2) NPs show severe damage...Due to the large-scale production and wide applications, many nanoparticles(NPs) enter wastewater treatment plants and accumulate in activated sludge. It is reported that titanium dioxide(Ti O2) NPs show severe damage to many model microbes. However, it is still unknown whether the long-term(e.g., 100 d) presence of Ti O2 NPs would affect the performance of sludge fermentation. In this study, long-term exposure experiments(105 d)were conducted to investigate the potential risk of Ti O2 NPs to sludge fermentation system. It is found that the presence of environmentally relevant [6 mg·(g TSS)-1] and higher [150 mg·(g TSS)-1] concentrations of Ti O2 NPs does not affect methane production from sludge fermentation. The analysis of fluorescence in situ hybridization indicates that these concentrations of Ti O2 NPs present marginal influences on abundances of bacteria and methanogenic archaea in sludge fermentation system. The viability of sludge microorganisms and activities of key enzymes related to methane production such as protease, acetate kinase, and coenzyme F420 are unchanged by the long-term presence of 6 and 150 mg·(g TSS)-1of Ti O2 NPs. Further investigations reveal that the insolubility of NPs and the protection role of sludge extracellular polymeric substances are the main reasons for the marginal influence of Ti O2 NPs on sludge fermentation.展开更多
The Indian and East Asian summer monsoons are two components of the whole Asian summer monsoon system. Previous studies have indicated in-phase and out-of-phase variations between Indian and East Asian summer rainfall...The Indian and East Asian summer monsoons are two components of the whole Asian summer monsoon system. Previous studies have indicated in-phase and out-of-phase variations between Indian and East Asian summer rainfall. The present study reviews the current understanding of the connection between Indian and East Asian summer rainfall. The review covers the relationship of northern China, southern Japan, and South Korean summer rainfall with Indian summer rainfall; the atmospheric circulation anomalies connecting Indian and East Asian summer rainfall variations; the long-term change in the connection between Indian and northern China rainfall and the plausible reasons for the change; and the influence of ENSO on the relationship between Indian and East Asian summer rainfall and its change. While much progress has been made about the relationship between Indian and East Asian summer rainfall variations, there are several remaining issues that need investigation. These include the processes involved in the connection between Indian and East Asian summer rainfall, the non-stationarity of the connection and the plausible reasons, the influences of ENSO on the relationship, the performance of climate models in simulating the relationship between Indian and East Asian summer rainfall, and the relationship between Indian and East Asian rainfall intraseasonal fluctuations.展开更多
Summer green tea(SGT)is not favored by consumers due to its strong bitterness and astringency.This study aims to improve the taste of SGT using tea-derived fungi isolated from Liupao tea by solid-state fermentation.Ba...Summer green tea(SGT)is not favored by consumers due to its strong bitterness and astringency.This study aims to improve the taste of SGT using tea-derived fungi isolated from Liupao tea by solid-state fermentation.Based on 19 detected main compounds,principal component analysis(PCA)and hierarchical cluster analysis(HCA)showed Aspergillus sydowii,Penicillium manginii,Aspergillus intermedius,Aspergillus amstelodami,and Aspergillus niger groups were clustered together with significant differences from the control.Additionally,metabolomics analysis showed P.manginii,A.intermedius,and A.amstelodami strains could reduce the chemical components associated with bitter and astringent flavors,such as epicatechin gallate,epicatechin,(+)-gallocatechin,quercetin,kaempferol,myricetin,procyanidin B2,L-phenylalanine and its glycoside derivatives(VIP>1,P<0.05),and increase the contents of theabrownins associated with umami taste(P<0.05).In summary,the taste of SGT can be improved by the above fungi fermentation.展开更多
In this study,the long-term trend of water vapor over the Tibetan Plateau(TP)in boreal summer is investigated by using observation and reanalysis data from 1979 to 2019.The historical experiment simulations of 19 mode...In this study,the long-term trend of water vapor over the Tibetan Plateau(TP)in boreal summer is investigated by using observation and reanalysis data from 1979 to 2019.The historical experiment simulations of 19 models that participated in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6(CMIP6)are evaluated,and the future variation tendency under four emission scenarios is projected.The results indicate that the water vapor content and the net water vapor budget over the TP show notable increasing trends,which are mainly manifested by a significant increase in the net water vapor import and a significant decrease in the water vapor export on the eastern boundary of the TP.This is mainly due to an anomalous anticyclone from Lake Baikal to the Mongolian Plateau.The CMIP6 multi-model ensemble can well simulate the variation characteristics of the TP net water vapor budget.The projection results indicate that by the end of the twenty-first century,the water vapor content,the net water vapor import and precipitation over the TP will increase.Under a high-emissions scenario and compared with the current period(1991–2014),these three variables will increase by 47.99%,59.77%and 18.59%in the long term(2081–2100),respectively.The significant enhancement of meridional water vapor transport over the northern TP may be the main reason for the increase in humidity over the TP.展开更多
基金Supported by S&T Development Plan Program of Shandong Province(2014GNC113001)State Key Laboratory for Biology of Crops(2014KF11)S&T Development Plan Program of Tai'an City~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to select the optimal amount of controlled-release fertilizer and provide theoretical references for controlled-release fertilizers use in summer maize. [Method] Long-term controlled-release fertilizers were applied once at sowing summer maize to explore effects on maize growth, yield, economic profits and environment. [Result] Maize yield reduced a little in the treatment group with 60% CRF, and increased in varying degrees in the rest groups in the range of 1.1%-7.4%, and some showed significant differences. [Conclusion] Controlled-release fertilizers can be applied once at the amount of 80% common fertilizer＇s, with con- sideration of maize yield, nitrogen use rate and economic profits, which is beneficial for summer maize application and promotion in North China.
基金Supported by the National Hi-Tech Research and Development Program of China(863Program)(2011AA060903)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41301558and 51278354)Shanghai Tongji Gao Tingyao Environmental Science & Technology Development Foundation(STGEF)
文摘Due to the large-scale production and wide applications, many nanoparticles(NPs) enter wastewater treatment plants and accumulate in activated sludge. It is reported that titanium dioxide(Ti O2) NPs show severe damage to many model microbes. However, it is still unknown whether the long-term(e.g., 100 d) presence of Ti O2 NPs would affect the performance of sludge fermentation. In this study, long-term exposure experiments(105 d)were conducted to investigate the potential risk of Ti O2 NPs to sludge fermentation system. It is found that the presence of environmentally relevant [6 mg·(g TSS)-1] and higher [150 mg·(g TSS)-1] concentrations of Ti O2 NPs does not affect methane production from sludge fermentation. The analysis of fluorescence in situ hybridization indicates that these concentrations of Ti O2 NPs present marginal influences on abundances of bacteria and methanogenic archaea in sludge fermentation system. The viability of sludge microorganisms and activities of key enzymes related to methane production such as protease, acetate kinase, and coenzyme F420 are unchanged by the long-term presence of 6 and 150 mg·(g TSS)-1of Ti O2 NPs. Further investigations reveal that the insolubility of NPs and the protection role of sludge extracellular polymeric substances are the main reasons for the marginal influence of Ti O2 NPs on sludge fermentation.
基金supported by the National Key Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2014CB953902)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2016YFA0600603)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41475081,41275081 and 41530425)
文摘The Indian and East Asian summer monsoons are two components of the whole Asian summer monsoon system. Previous studies have indicated in-phase and out-of-phase variations between Indian and East Asian summer rainfall. The present study reviews the current understanding of the connection between Indian and East Asian summer rainfall. The review covers the relationship of northern China, southern Japan, and South Korean summer rainfall with Indian summer rainfall; the atmospheric circulation anomalies connecting Indian and East Asian summer rainfall variations; the long-term change in the connection between Indian and northern China rainfall and the plausible reasons for the change; and the influence of ENSO on the relationship between Indian and East Asian summer rainfall and its change. While much progress has been made about the relationship between Indian and East Asian summer rainfall variations, there are several remaining issues that need investigation. These include the processes involved in the connection between Indian and East Asian summer rainfall, the non-stationarity of the connection and the plausible reasons, the influences of ENSO on the relationship, the performance of climate models in simulating the relationship between Indian and East Asian summer rainfall, and the relationship between Indian and East Asian rainfall intraseasonal fluctuations.
基金supported by the following project funds:1.Liupao tea processing technology optimization supported by Wuzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences(No.H20496)supported by Wuzhou Tea Industry Development Service Center(No.H220644),Wuzhou 543003,China。
文摘Summer green tea(SGT)is not favored by consumers due to its strong bitterness and astringency.This study aims to improve the taste of SGT using tea-derived fungi isolated from Liupao tea by solid-state fermentation.Based on 19 detected main compounds,principal component analysis(PCA)and hierarchical cluster analysis(HCA)showed Aspergillus sydowii,Penicillium manginii,Aspergillus intermedius,Aspergillus amstelodami,and Aspergillus niger groups were clustered together with significant differences from the control.Additionally,metabolomics analysis showed P.manginii,A.intermedius,and A.amstelodami strains could reduce the chemical components associated with bitter and astringent flavors,such as epicatechin gallate,epicatechin,(+)-gallocatechin,quercetin,kaempferol,myricetin,procyanidin B2,L-phenylalanine and its glycoside derivatives(VIP>1,P<0.05),and increase the contents of theabrownins associated with umami taste(P<0.05).In summary,the taste of SGT can be improved by the above fungi fermentation.
基金supported by the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research of China(Grant No.2019QZKK0208)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDA20100304)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41790471)the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2016YFA0602200)。
文摘In this study,the long-term trend of water vapor over the Tibetan Plateau(TP)in boreal summer is investigated by using observation and reanalysis data from 1979 to 2019.The historical experiment simulations of 19 models that participated in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6(CMIP6)are evaluated,and the future variation tendency under four emission scenarios is projected.The results indicate that the water vapor content and the net water vapor budget over the TP show notable increasing trends,which are mainly manifested by a significant increase in the net water vapor import and a significant decrease in the water vapor export on the eastern boundary of the TP.This is mainly due to an anomalous anticyclone from Lake Baikal to the Mongolian Plateau.The CMIP6 multi-model ensemble can well simulate the variation characteristics of the TP net water vapor budget.The projection results indicate that by the end of the twenty-first century,the water vapor content,the net water vapor import and precipitation over the TP will increase.Under a high-emissions scenario and compared with the current period(1991–2014),these three variables will increase by 47.99%,59.77%and 18.59%in the long term(2081–2100),respectively.The significant enhancement of meridional water vapor transport over the northern TP may be the main reason for the increase in humidity over the TP.
