Orbital angular momentum conversion of acoustic vortex beams via planar lattice coupling

Orbital angular momentum(OAM)conversion is critical in understanding interactions between a structural sound field and a planar lattice.Herein,we explore the evolution of a monochromatic acoustic vortex beam(AVB)that is scattered by a phononic crystal(PnC)or a correlated random lattice.The phenomenon is ascribed to the enhanced orbit–orbit angular momentum coupling induced by the band structure.By modifying the coupling condition,accurate and continuous micromanipulation of AVBs can be achieved,including the transverse/lateral gravity shift,the dynamics of the phase singularities,and the spatial distribution of acoustic pressure,etc.This research provides insight to the inhomogeneous coupling of AVBs with both propagating Bloch waves and localized Anderson modes,and may facilitate development of novel OAM-based acoustic devices for active sound field manipulation.

Nonlinear wave propagation in acoustic metamaterials with bilinear nonlinearity

Nonlinear phononic crystals have attracted great interest because of their unique properties absent in linear phononic crystals.However,few researches have considered the bilinear nonlinearity as well as its consequences in acoustic metamaterials.Hence,we introduce bilinear nonlinearity into acoustic metamaterials,and investigate the propagation behaviors of the fundamental and the second harmonic waves in the nonlinear acoustic metamaterials by discretization method,revealing the influence of the system parameters.Furthermore,we investigate the influence of partially periodic nonlinear acoustic metamaterials on the second harmonic wave propagation,and the results suggest that pass-band and band-gap can be transformed into each other under certain conditions.Our findings could be beneficial to the band gap control in nonlinear acoustic metamaterials.

Ultrafast optical probe of coherent acoustic phonons in Co2MnAl Heusler film

In this work, pronounced oscillations in the time-resolved reflectivity of Heusler alloy Co2MnAl films which are epitaxially grown on Ga As substrates are observed and investigated as a function of film thickness, probe wavelength,external magnetic field and temperature. Our results suggest that the oscillation response at 24.5 GHz results from the coherent phonon generation in Co2MnAl film and can be explained by a propagating strain pulse model. From the probe wavelength dependent oscillation frequency, a sound velocity of（3.85±0.1）×10-3m/s at 800 nm for the epitaxial Co2MnAl film is determined at room temperature. The detected coherent acoustic phonon generation in Co2MnAl reported in this work provides a valuable reference for exploring the high-speed magnetization manipulation via magnetoelastic coupling for future spintronic devices based on Heusler alloy films.

Merging phononic crystals and acoustic black holes

Phononic crystals(PCs) have recently been developed as effective components for vibration suppression and sound absorption. As a typical design of PCs, wave attenuation occurs in the so-called stop-band. However, the structural response is still significantly large in the pass-band. In this paper, we combine PCs and acoustic black holes(ABHs) in a unique device, achieving a versatile device that can attenuate vibration in the stop-band, while suppress vibration in the pass-band. This approach provides a versatile platform for controlling vibration in a multiband with a simple design.

Coherent Acoustic Phonon and Its Chirping in Dirac Semimetal Cd_3As_2

Ultrafast optical spectroscopy of a single crystal of a Dirac semimetal Cd_3As_（2 ）is carried out.An acoustic phonon（AP）mode with central frequency f=0.037 THz（i.e.,1.23 cm^（-1）or 0.153 meV）is unambiguously generated and detected,which we attribute to laser-induced thermal strain.An AP chirping（i.e.,variation of the phonon frequency）is clearly detected,which is ascribed to heat capacity variation with time.By comparing our experimental results and the theoretical model,we obtain a chirping time constant,which is 31.2 ps at 6 K and 19.8 ps at 300 K,respectively.Significantly,we identify an asymmetry in the AP frequency domain peak and find that it is caused by the chirping,instead of a Fano resonance.Moreover,we experimentally demonstrate that the central frequency of AP is extremely stable with varying laser fluence,as well as temperature,which endows Cd_3As_2application potentials in thermoelectric devices.

Electron–acoustic phonon interaction and mobility in stressed rectangular silicon nanowires

We investigate the effects of pre-stress and surface tension on the electron–acoustic phonon scattering rate and the mobility of rectangular silicon nanowires. With the elastic theory and the interaction Hamiltonian for the deformation potential, which considers both the surface energy and the acoustoelastic effects, the phonon dispersion relation for a stressed nanowire under spatial confinement is derived. The subsequent analysis indicates that both surface tension and pre-stress can dramatically change the electron–acoustic phonon interaction. Under a negative（positive） surface tension and a tensile（compressive） pre-stress, the electron mobility is reduced（enhanced） due to the decrease（increase） of the phonon energy as well as the deformation-potential scattering rate. This study suggests an alternative approach based on the strain engineering to tune the speed and the drive current of low-dimensional electronic devices.

Gigahertz longitudinal acoustic phonons originating from ultrafast ligand field transitions in hematite thin films

The creation and propagation of longitudinal acoustic phonons （LAPs） in high quality hematite thin films （α-Fe203） epitaxially grown on different substrates （BaTiO3, SrTiO3, and LaAlO3） are investigated using the femtosecond pump- probe technique. Transient reflection measurements （AR/R） indicate the photo-excited electron dynamics, and the initial decay less than 1 ps and the slow decay of -500 ps are attributed to the electron-LO phonon coupling and electron-hole nonradiative recombination, respectively. LAPs in α-Fe2O3 film can be created by ultrafast excitation of the ligand field state, such as the ligand field transitions under 800-nm excitation as well as the ligand to metal charge-transfer with 400- nm excitation. The strain modulations of the sound velocity and the out-of-plane elastic properties are demonstrated in α-Fe2O3 film on different substrates.

Resonant enhancement of magnetic damping driven by coherent acoustic phonons in thin Co_(2)FeAl film epitaxied on GaAs

The magnetic dynamics of a thin Co_(2)FeAl film epitaxially grown on GaAs substrate was investigated using the timeresolved magneto-optical Kerr measurement under an out-of-plane external field.The intrinsic magnetic damping constant,which should do not vary with the external magnetic field,exhibits an abnormal huge increase when the precession frequency is tuned to be resonant with that of the coherent longitudinal acoustic phonon in the Co_(2)FeAl/GaAs heterostructure.The experimental finding is suggested to result from the strong coherent energy transfer from spins to acoustic phonons via magnetoelastic effect under a resonant coupling condition,which leads to a huge energy dissipation of spins and a greatly enhanced magnetic damping in Co_(2)FeAl.Our experimental findings provide an experimental evidence of spin pumping-like effect driven by propagating acoustic phonons via magnetoelastic effect,suggesting an alternative approach to the possible long-range spin manipulation via coherent acoustic waves.

The Propagation, Excitation and Coupling of Acoustic Waves in Phonon Band-gap Materials

Acoustic wave exhibits inherently different characters of propagation, excitation and coupling in phonon band-gap materials in which its elastic, piezoelectric constants are modulated in order of acoustic wavelength. These kinds of novel materials were exampled by phononic crystals with elastic constants modulation, acoustic superlattice and ionic-type phononic crystals with piezoelectric constants modulation. In this talk, phonic crystals were constructed with steel rods embedded in air. Negative refraction of acoustic wave was both experimentally and theoretically established in the phononic crystals. The propagation of acoustic wave in the crystals show acoustic band structures because the waves are strong scattered at the Brillouin Zone Boundaries, analogy to electron band structure in real crystals and photonic band structure in photonic crystals. In the acoustic superlattice, ultrasonic waves could be excited by applied alternative electric fields by piezoelectric effect. The frequency, mode and amplitude of the excited wave are determined by the microstructured parameters of the acoustic superlattice at the condition of phase matching. Ionic-type phononic crystals describe the coupling between superlattice phonon and electromagnetic wave. The coupling process resulted in the polariton with a dispersion relation totally different from that of both superlattice phonon and E-M waves, analogy to the polariton of the ionic crystals but in microwave instead of infrared light. These microstructural dielectric materials show artificial abnormal properties and will find novel application in ultrasonic devices and microwave devices.

Numerical analysis of acoustic band gaps in two-dimensional periodic materials

Using the plane-wave expansion (PWE)method , the band gaps of the two-dimension phononic crystals composed of square, triangle and honeycomb arrays aluminum cylinders in the air are calculated numerically. The band structures of three lattices were compared and analyzed. It is concluded that the band-gap of honeycomb lattices is located at lower frequency fields, compared with square and triangle lattices. When the filling fraction is between 0.091 and 0.6046, the honeycomb lattices have larger band gaps and gain an advantage over square and triangle lattices. In addition, the gap map is introduced to illustrate the influences of filling fraction on the number, the relative width and the limit frequency of the band-gap.

On the possibility of self-trapping transition of acoustic polarons in two dimensions

A 2D electron-longitudinal-acoustic-phonon interaction Hamiltonian is derived and used to calculate the groundstate energy of the acoustic polarons in two dimensions. The numerical results for the ground-state energy of the acoustic polarons in two and three dimensions are obtained. The 3D results agree with those obtained by using the Feynman path-integral approach. It is found that the critical coupling constant of the transition from the quasifree state to the self-trapped state in the 2D case is much smaller than in the 3D case for a given cutoff wave-vector. The theory has been used to judge the possibility of the self-trapping for several real materials. The results indicate that the self-trappings of the electrons in AlN and the holes in AlN and GaN are expected to be observed in 2D systems.

恒频声学二极管的设计及特性研究

声学二极管能控制声波仅在一个方向有效传输在反方向无法传播,在通信技术中具有广泛的应用,然而目前大多数的声学二极管设计是基于非线性效应使系统只通过新的高次频率并阻止原频率的传输.本文利用不对称结构与弱非线性声子晶体的组合,提出了一种一维声二极管模型,实现弹性波的不对称传输,并保持频率不变.该模型由左端的变幅杆和右端的非线性弹簧质量链组成,理论分析表明,该声学二极管具有与电子二极管相同的正向和反向特性,并通过有限元仿真验证了该模型的有效性.

基于声子晶体的高速列车地板支撑层隔声研究

随着高速列车运营速度不断提高,轨道交通产生的振动噪声会严重影响列车的车内声环境,进而降低乘坐舒适性,因此针对列车噪声源部位的车体隔声设计至关重要。目前的隔声措施能够有效控制车内中高频噪声,而对于低频噪声的抑制效果还有待进一步提升。声子晶体是一种具有弹性波带隙的周期性结构材料,该结构不需要大尺寸即可在局域共振作用下形成低频带隙,进而抑制弹性波的传播从而起到低频降噪作用。基于声子晶体周期性理论,以车辆转向架部位地板的木骨支撑层为对象,研究声子晶体在木骨支撑层隔声中的应用,系统分析声子晶体结构的带隙特性和隔声特性以及基于声子晶体结构的支撑层隔声性能。研究结果表明:通过改变结构形式及其参数可实现对于声子晶体结构的带隙形成频带及其隔声特性的人为设计和控制;以高速列车地板中的木骨结构为对象,结合声子晶体理论将其设计为木骨和声子晶体组合结构形式,不仅能够保持声子晶体在0~220 Hz低频段和620~710 Hz频段优越的隔声性能,同时可极大提升220~620 Hz频段的隔声性能;既维持该层结构的支撑作用,又能很好提升隔声性能,在高速列车地板设计中具有很强的有效性和适用性。

基于压电声子晶体板波声场的微粒操控

声镊可以非接触、无损伤地操控微粒,在细胞分离、组织工程、材料组装等领域具有广阔的应用前景.近期有研究利用声人工结构调控声场提升声镊性能,然而,与换能器分离的人工结构导致声镊装置复杂且操控现象不太稳定.本文基于压电声子晶体板调制声场实现对微粒的灵活操控,其主要机制是由压电陶瓷片构成的压电声子晶体板可激发A0模式Lamb波模式和共振周期声场模式,板上微粒在这两个模式中分别受到平行于板面的声停驻力和垂直于板面的声捕获力或声悬浮力,从而实现排列、捕获、悬浮等多种模式的灵活操控.由于压电声子晶体板整合了换能器与声人工结构,该器件为研究高精度、低能耗、紧凑型声镊技术提供了物理基础和实验验证.

声表面波-自旋波耦合及磁声非互易性器件

声表面波是激发和控制自旋波的一种新兴手段,不仅激励效率高,而且传输长度可以达到毫米量级,通过引入磁声耦合还可以打破时空反演对称性,实现声表面波的非互易传播.本文对不同类型的磁声耦合的物理机制进行了梳理,对比了磁弹性耦合、自旋-涡度耦合(包括非磁性层注入交变自旋流和磁性材料自身的Barnett效应),以及磁-旋转耦合在不同模式的声表面波激发下的等效驱动磁场,讨论了这些等效驱动场的角度依赖性,以及相应功率吸收的频率依赖性.这为在实际应用中区分和利用各种磁声耦合机制提供了理论支持.此外,本文还介绍了利用磁声耦合实现声表面波非互易性传输的两种主流手段,包括利用手性失配效应和引入具有非互易性自旋波色散关系的磁结构,对比并讨论了它们各自的物理机制和优劣势,希望为设计和发展基于磁声耦合的固态声学隔离器、环形器提供参考.

具有紧凑结构的芯片声表面波拓扑延迟线设计与分析

声表面波(SAW)延迟线常用于现代射频信号处理、陀螺仪、传感等领域,特别是在雷达工业中获得了广泛的运用。声表面波延迟线作为宽带通信、电子对抗、多相调制等雷达系统中的关键器件,其结构存在简并化、紧凑化的迫切需求。然而,传统的基于电声叉指换能器的声表面波延迟线器件主要采用速度更低的衬底材料或者运用多个叉指换能器的方式实现延迟时间的增加,这会导致机电耦合系数降低,且器件结构复杂,器件尺寸大。因此,利用拓扑保护边缘态的抗弯曲特性构建了一种片上声表面波延迟线,实现了声表面波的传输路径折叠,并对声表面波的速度进行了调制,实现了在极为紧凑的结构设计下较长的延迟时间。结果显示,在相同的器件体积和叉指换能器配置下,延迟时间比传统延迟线增加了4倍以上,并且还保留优化拓展空间。这种声表面波拓扑延迟与微机电系统(MEMS)工艺兼容,可以简便地集成到MEMS器件和集成电路中,为先进人造声子晶体材料在器件集成化领域应用奠定了设计基础.

复合柱局域共振声子晶体的超宽带隙与可调性研究

局域共振声子晶体因具有良好的低频带隙特性,在低频减振降噪方面具有广泛的应用前景。以设计一种具有超宽带隙的三组元二维复合柱声子晶体结构为目标,该结构由散射体、双包覆层和六棱柱基体板组成,相对应的局域共振单元附加质量比为65.13,利用有限元方法计算该声子晶体板的能带结构、传输损失谱和位移矢量场。结果表明:在0~3000 Hz的频率范围内相对带宽高达162.10%。与方形柱基体板声子晶体相比,所设计的六棱柱基体板声子晶体的第一完全带隙频率更低且第二带隙频率范围更宽。通过优化几何结构、改变材料参数以及引入压电效应等方式,实现对多条完全带隙的调控,并进一步拓宽完全带隙形成超宽带隙。研究结果可为研发可调低频减振降噪产品提供一定的理论参考。

基于声学超材料的低频隔声模型设计

由于低频声波波长较长且穿透力强、难以衰减,能很轻易地绕过障碍物,所以排除低频声波的干扰一直是声学研究中的一大问题。为了实现对低频波的有效吸收,解决现代生产生活中普遍存在的噪声污染问题,以声学超材料为基础,利用COMSOL有限元软件研究设计一种二维三分量局部共振型超材料模型,对不同频率、不同厚度和不同形状结构的超材料模型隔声效果展开研究。经仿真实验结果验证,模型能够实现对低频声波的吸收,在20~3000 Hz频率范围内有效降低低频宽频噪声,最大可得到30 dB的声衰减,从而达到良好的低频隔声效果,这项研究对声学的发展有很好的现实价值和发展空间,为民用及军用领域对减振降噪的高需求提供了更多的可能,可在许多不同的应用中发挥作用。

二维半导体的相干声学声子研究进展

飞秒脉冲激光激发固体薄膜材料产生的相干声学声子可以快速无损获取发光材料与器件结构特性,对于光电器件功能界面的无损检测及成像具有重要意义。相较于热弹性机制的传统金属薄膜光声换能器,二维半导体材料具备宽谱吸收、表面原子级平整、层数易控等优良特性。飞秒激光激发二维半导体能原位产生相干声学声子振荡,为进一步发射超快声波脉冲获取界面信息创造了条件,广泛适用于无损评测发光器件的缺陷分布、力学性能和界面品质。本文主要介绍二维半导体中相干声学声子的研究进展,并讨论利用超快光声转换的高穿透深度、高时空分辨测量技术重大的科学意义与社会价值。

基于声子晶体的声发射波源检测概率研究

声发射(acoustic emission,AE)检测就是利用采集和分析声发射现象所产生的信号从而实现对材料进行无损评价的技术,该技术具有实时监测并定位破坏源的能力但是由于检测过程中声发射源信号未知,因此评价检测可靠性的检测概率(probability of detection,POD)研究仍然是空白。进一步来说,在利用声发射监测损伤过程时,声发射波源直接决定其检测结果的可靠性,因此波源的检测概率可以成为量化声发射检测有效性的一个重要指标。为了确定声发射波源的检测概率,利用声子晶体(phononic crystals,PCs)的特性,通过部署声子晶体形成物理带隙,滤除噪声信号,从而获得铝合金试件在紧凑拉伸试验下由于疲劳裂缝活动而引起的声发射信号,最终确定声发射源的检测概率及其影响因素。结果表明,检测概率会随着疲劳裂缝扩展而提高,但裂缝长度达到一定值后开始下降,最终趋于一个平稳值,另外通过设置阈值和选择适当的滤波器,能有效提高检测概率,保证声发射评价结构损伤的有效性。该研究对声发射源识别和检测可靠性评价具有重要意义。