Transverse mode-coupling instability with longitudinal impedance

Transverse mode-coupling instability(TMCI)is a dangerous transverse single-bunch instability that can lead to severe par-ticle loss.The mechanism of TMCI can be explained by the coupling of transverse coherent oscillation modes owing to the transverse short-range wakefield(i.e.,the transverse broadband impedance).Recent studies on future circular colliders,e.g.,FCC-ee,showed that the threshold of TMCI decreased significantly when both longitudinal and transverse impedances were included.We performed computations for the circular electron-positron collider(CEPC)and observed a similar phenom-enon.Systematic studies on the influence of longitudinal impedance on the TMCI threshold were conducted.We concluded that the imaginary part of the longitudinal impedance,which caused a reduction in the incoherent synchrotron tune,was the primary reason for the reduction in the TMCI threshold.Additionally,the real part of the longitudinal impedance assists in increasing the TMCI threshold.

Longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis associated with scrub typhus:A case report

Rationale:Longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis(LETM)is a rare inflammatory demyelinating disease predominantly associated with autoimmune and inflammatory disorders.Scrub typhus can cause a variety of neurological complications,which may result in poor recovery and long-term disability.This report reveals a rare linkage between LETM and scrub typhus.Patient concerns:A 24-year-old female presented with a history of fever for 10 days associated with progressive quadriparesis.Physical examination revealed bilateral lower limb weakness(grade 0/5)and bilateral upper limb weakness(grade 2/5)with reduced sensation below the T3 dermatome.Diagnosis:Scrub typhus presenting with longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis.Interventions:Steroid pulse therapy with antibiotics supported by early intensive rehabilitation.Outcomes:Complete recovery was achieved.Lessons:This case report highlights the importance of considering scrub typhus as a potential cause of LETM in endemic regions,particularly in patients presenting with febrile illness and neurological symptoms.

Ground-State Phase Diagram of Transverse Spin-2 Ising Model with Longitudinal Crystal-Field

The transverse spin-2 Ising ferromagnetic model with a longitudinal crystal-field is studied within the mean-field theory based on Bogoliubov inequality for the Gibbs free energy. The ground-state phase diagram and the tricritical point are obtained in the transverse field Ω/ zJ-longitudinal crystal D / zJ field plane. We find that there are the first order-order phase transitions in a very small range of D /zJ besides the usual first order-disorder phase transitions and the second order-disorder phase transitions,

Investigation in Longitudinal Compression of Wool Based Suiting Fabrics

This paper describes an investigation in the fabric longi-tudinal compressibility of thirty-one suiting and trouse-ring materials using a newly developed device attached to the advanced Instron extensometer Model4466.The at-tachment was designed mainly to ensure a correct align-meat of fabric plane at the start of compression.Usingthe newly developed testing method,fabric longitudinalcompression curve was obtained and the results of longi-tudinal compressibility measured by two different com-pression load ranges(from 0 to 0.5 N/m width and 0 to1 N/m width)were examined.In addition,their rela-tionships with the fabric low-stress mechanical proper-ties measured by the KES-F system were investigatedusing statistical analysis.The results clearly indicatedthat significant differences existed when substituting fab-ric longitudinal compressibility with fabric extensibilitymeasured using the KES-F system under a low-load.Significant infiuence of yarn rotational movement in fab-ric on the longitudinal

Longitudinal stent compression of everolimus-eluting stent: A report of 2 cases

Second generation drug eluting stents(DES) have shown better safety and efficacy in comparison to first generation DES,because of thinner struts,nondurable polymers and coating with better anti-proliferative drugs.The newer DES with cobalt alloy base have demonstrated a greater trackability,deliverability,conformability,flexibility and radio-opacity.However,these thin strut stents have a downside of poor longitudinal axial strength,and therefore get easily deformed/ compressed at their end with a slight trauma during exchange of various catheters.We hereby report two cases of "longitudinal stent compression(LSC)" of everolimus-eluting stent,which happened during percutaneous coronary intervention of right coronary artery.Both the cases were successfully managed with non-compliant balloon dilatation.Various reasons for LSC and its management are discussed in the article.

Longitudinal and Transverse Incremental Permeability in Mu-metal Thin Films

The transverse permeability ratio (TPR) and longitudinal permeability ratio (LPR) as a function of an external field of mumetal films have been investigated in conjunction with the magnetic properties. The mumetal films were prepared by the R.F.magnetron sputtering method in Ar atmosphere. The LPR curve shows the single peak pattern, and the TPR curve shows the double peak pattern indicating the existence of the magnetic anisotropy effect. The magnitude of the incremental permeability are strongly depended on the magnetic softness. The large changes of LPR and TPR in low external fields can be useful for the evaluation of the magnetic softness.

Occurrence of longitudinal stent compression before stent deployment: Two case studies

Several recent reports have described the occurrence of longitudinal stent deformation(LSD, defined as the distortion or shortening of a stent along the longitudinal axis), following its successful deployment. However, few reports have described LSD prior to any stent deployment. This previously unrecognized complication is the result of modifications to stent design. It has been noted that the new-generation stent platforms have a reduced number of connectors, which in turn causes a reduction in longitudinal stent strength. To corroborate previous findings by our lab and others(Vijayvergiya et al, 2013), we describe here two cases of LSD prior to stent deployment that occurred due to crushing of the proximal stent edge by the guide catheter while attempting to withdraw the crimped stent. In addition, we discuss the associated risk factors, such as the length of the stent, and specific management strategies, including technical guidelines and use of fluoroscopic guidance for maneuvering the stent during the procedure.

Correlation between serum uric acid levels and clinical characteristics in patients with longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis A case-control study

Uric acid is reduced in demyelinating diseases, including multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica （NMO）. Longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis （LETM） is often an early manifestation of NMO. Whether uric acid levels are reduced at presentation of LETM remains unknown. The present study investigated serum uric acid levels by evaluating 35 patients with LETM, 64 with NMO, 62 with multiple sclerosis, 63 with other neurological diseases and 65 healthy controls. In addition, we tested the correlation between serum uric acid and the clinical characteristics of LETM. All patients were in the acute phase, defined as less than 1 month from onset or relapse. The results revealed that serum uric acid levels in LETM were significantly lower than in multiple sclerosis, other neurological diseases and healthy controls, but no difference was found between LETM and NMO. A negative correlation between uric acid levels and Expanded Disability Status Scale scores was found in LETM patients （r = -0.545, P 〈 0.05）. The results suggest that uric acid levels are reduced in patients with LETM, raising the possibility that lower uric acid levels are an indicator of disease disability. Moreover, reduced uric acid levels may be a risk factor in NMO.

Saturable Absorption Enchantment of Au Nanorods Based on Energy Transfer between Longitudinal and Transverse Energy Levels

Four kinds of Au nanorods（NRs）with different aspect ratios are designed to adjust the relationship between resonance energy level of longitudinal（L）and transverse（T）modes.During the femto-second Z-scan experiments,huge saturable absorption phenomena are observed while the energy level T is located between one to two times of the energylevel L.This means that the energy may transfer between longitudinal and transverse energylevels in the same and/or different Au NRs.It effectively depresses the production of revised saturated absorption and increases the saturable absorption efficiency.This method is significant for the preparation of high-efficiency saturable absorption devices.

Differential Effects of K⁺Channel Blockers on Phasic Contractility of Transverse and Longitudinal Rat Detrusor Strips

Spontaneous phasic contractions of detrusor smooth muscle are pivotal to the normal bladder filling process. The role of K+ channels in mediating phasic contractions has been investigated on different occasions, but only in detrusor strips isolated longitudinally. In this study, the effects of individual K+ blockers were examined in both transverse and longitudinal detrusor strips. Detrusor strips were isolated transversely and longitudinally from young adult rat bladders. Tension before and after the introduction of K+channel blockers was measured using a myograph. Phasic activity was determined by calculating the integral of tension fluctuations. Phasic activity of transverse strips was increased under tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA), 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) and iberiotoxin (IbTx) treatments. Longitudinal phasic activity was increased under charybdotoxin (ChTx) treatment. Neither glibenclamide (Glib) nor apamin treatment elicited any significant effect in both transverse and longitudinal phasic activity. The results indicated that phasic activity was mediated differently depending on the contractile direction. Data from this study reiterate that in addition to the conventional longitudinal direction, the transverse direction also presents significance when examining the contractility of a sac-like organ like the bladder.

Study of Material Evaluation Probe Using a Longitudinal Wave and a Transverse Wave

Transmitting a longitudinal wave and a traverse wave into a composite material in a molten state has been studied in the online control of the composite material which cannot be evaluated by a conventional ultrasonic sensor as a final analysis, using the difference in the propagation characteristics of both modes. It is especially expected that measurement of the physical quantity which was not able to be conventionally measured can be performed by carrying out coincidence measurement of the ultrasonic wave in both modes. Therefore, in this research study, an ultrasonic probe, which can simultaneously transmit and receive a longitudinal wave and a traverse wave has been developed using an electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) because it has the advantage of measuring high temperature samples. In this study, two methods have been compared. The 1st method uses a traverse wave EMAT that travels in a vertical direction and a bar wave by which the low order mode is equivalent to longitudinal wave vibration. The other method is to carry out the mode conversion of the traverse wave by a traverse wave-EMAT. The longitudinal converted from the transverse wave are spread in the axis direction. As the experimental results of both optimizations of the drive conditions, it has been confirmed that the 2nd mode conversion method was promising. This paper reports about the trial process and the experimental results.

The Ultrasonic NDT Technique Utilizing the Longitudinal or Transverse Waves Induced by Lamb Wave in Thin Plates

This paper presents a new ultrasonic NDT technique for measuring the thicknessof a nonmetal material(called the ciadding material)with low sound velocity which iscladded on the one side of a thin metal plate(called the base)with high sound velocity such as tubes,tins and other closed containers,testing and inspecting the unglued area betweenthem,detecting the inner defect of the compesite from the side of the base in case that themeasurement and inspection has to be carried out on the side of the base.The principle ofthe technique is that a longitudinal or transverse wave induced by the pulse Lamb wave inthe base is transmited in certam direction into the compounded material,then reflected bythe upper and lower boundary of the compounded material.The same mode pulse Lambwave is formed while the longitudinal or transverse wave in the compounded material returnthe base.

Longitudinal and transverse structure functions in decaying nearly homogeneous and isotropic turbulence

Streamwise evolution of longitudinal and transverse velocity structure functions in a decaying homogeneous and nearly isotropic turbulence is reported for Reynolds numbers Reλ up to 720. First, two theoretical relations between longitudinal and transverse structure functions are examined in the light of recently derived relations and the results show that the low-order transverse structure functions can be well approximated by longitudinal ones within the sub-inertial range. Reconstruction of fourth-order transverse structure functions with a recently proposed relation by Grauer et al. is comparatively less valid than the relation already proposed by Antonia et al. Secondly, extended self-similarity methods are used to measure the scaling exponents up to order eight and the streamwise evolution of scaling exponents is explored. The scaling exponents of longitudinal structure functions are, at first location, close to Zybin's model, and at the fourth location, close to She–Leveque model. No obvious trend is found for the streamwise evolution of longitudinal scaling exponents, whereas, on the contrary, transverse scaling exponents become slightly smaller with the development of a steamwise direction. Finally, the stremwise variation of the order-dependent isotropy ratio indicates the turbulence at the last location is closer to isotropic than the other three locations.

Space Charge Effects of Bunched Beam with Nonuniform Distribution in Both Longitudinal and Transverse Directions

The nonlinear space charge effect of bunched beam with nonuniform densitydistribution in both longitudinal and transverse directions is discussed.Some usefulformulae are derived for calculating the potential induced by a cylinder model of spacecharge in the waveguide of a linac with longitudinal density distributions of waterbag(WB) or parabolic (PA) type combining with transverse density distributions ofKapchinskij-Vladimirskij (K-V).waterbag,parabolic and Gaussian (GA) types,resepectively.

Free-Energy and Emittance Growth Caused by Bunched Beam with Nonuniform Distributions in Both Longitudinal and Transverse Directions in Linac

The nonlinear space charge effect of bunched beam in linac is one of theimportant factors that induces the emittance growth due to the conversion of thefield energy to kinetic energy. Using a cylinder model of space charge in a linac,we derive the internal energy for a bunched beam with some nonuniform spacecharge distributions, such as Gaussian, waterbag and parabolic distributions inboth the longitudinal and transverse directions. And the emittance growth causedby these nonuniformities is worked out.

Dynamic Response of Pultruded Glass-Graphite/Epoxy Hybrid Composites Subjected to Transverse High Strain-Rate Compression Loading

In a previous study, the energy absorption and dynamic response of different combinations of cylindrical fiber-reinforced pultruded hybrid composite samples made of unidirectional glass and graphite fiber/epoxy, were investigated under longitudinal compression loading. It was found that placing glass fibers in the inner core of composites resulted in a higher ultimate compressive strength and specific energy absorption. In this study, the dynamic responses of pultruded glass-graphite/epoxy hybrid specimens with rectangular cross-section subjected to transverse compression loading are reported. Crack initiation and propagation was monitored using a high-speed video camera, and the effects of hybridization were analyzed. It was found that the location of glass or graphite fibers inside the pultruded composites has no significant effect on the ultimate compressive strength under such transverse compression loading. The energy absorption in all the hybrid specimens was almost identical. Graphite/epoxy composite showed higher specific energy absorption due to its lower density, and glass/epoxy composite had the lowest specific energy absorption.

A Classical Explanation for Relativistic Longitudinal and Transverse Mass Increase

In this paper, I show that the Special Relativistic effect of mass increase that occurs within objects when they move at high speed can be explained using Classical Physics principles. In my analysis, the wave nature of condensed matter and energy/mass equivalence are taken into consideration. The wave nature of particles is modelled as the particle structure comprising three-dimensional standing waves. When this is done, the difference in the energy sum of the component waves that comprise a particle moving at a high speed, when compared to those of a stationary particle, completely accounts for the mass increase. Furthermore, the additional momentum of the wave components in the direction of motion (the Longitudinal direction) is the cause of the inertia, or effective mass, of the object being greater than that in the Transverse direction (orthogonal to the direction of motion).

Aerodynamic Sound Radiated from Longitudinal and Transverse Vortex Systems Generated around the Leading Edge of Delta Wings

Flow around the front pillar of an automobile is typical of a flow field with separated and reattached flow by a vortex system. It is known that the vortex system causes the greatest aerodynamic sound around a vehicle. The objective of the present study is to clarify the relationship between vortical structures and aerodynamic sound by the vortex system generated around the front pillar. The vortex system consists of the longitudinal and the transverse system. The characteristics of the longitudinal vortex system were investigated in comparison with the transverse one. Two vortex systems were reproduced by three-dimensional delta wings. The flow visualization experiment and the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) captured well the characteristics of the flow structure of the two vortex systems. These results showed that the longitudinal with the rotating axis along mean flow direction had cone-shaped configuration whereas the transverse with the rotating axis vertical to mean flow direction had elliptic one. Increasing the tip angles of the wings from 40 to 140 degrees, there first exists the longitudinal vortex system less than 110 degrees, with the transition region ranging from 110 to 120 degrees, and finally over 120 degrees the transverse appears. The characteristics of aerodynamic sound radiated from the two vortex systems were investigated in low Mach numbers, high Reynolds number turbulent flows in the lownoise wind tunnel. As a result, it was found that the aerodynamic sound radiated from both the longitudinal and the transverse vortex system was proportional to the fifth from sixth power of mean flow velocity, and that the longitudinal vortex generated the aerodynamic sound larger than the transverse.

CRITICAL BEHAVIOR OF S -3/2 ISING MODEL IN RANDOM LONGITUDINAL AND TRANSVERSE FIELDS

The phase diagrams and the other crtical properties of S-3/2 Ising model in random longitudinal and transverse fields(RLIM) are dicussed with the approximate scheme combined by mean-field renormalization group theory(MFRG) and the discretized path-integral representation(DPIR).

Comparison of joint function and trauma severity after arthroscopic headless compression screw fixation and conventional open reduction and internal fixation treatment of patellar transverse fracture

Objective:To study the differences in joint function and trauma severity after arthroscopic headless compression screw fixation and conventional open reduction and internal fixation treatment of patellar transverse fracture.Methods: 58 patients with patellar transverse fracture who accepted operative treatment in our hospital between August 2012 and December 2015 were collected and divided into open surgery group (n=30) and arthroscopic surgery group (n=28) according to the surgical approach. Before operation and 3 months after operation, the knee joint function of two groups of patients was evaluated respectively;3 d after operation, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect serum pain mediators, stress hormones and other trauma-related indicators.Results:Differences in the knee joint function index levels were not statistically significant between two groups of patients before operation (P>0.05);3 months after operation, the maximal knee joint flexibility and maximal extension levels of arthroscopic surgery group were higher than those of open surgery group (P<0.05);3 d after operation, serum prostaglandin (PGI2), dopamine (DA), neuropeptide Y (NPY), substance P (SP), glucocorticoid (Cor), renin (R), angiotensin 1 (Ang1), angiotensin 2 (Ang2), epinephrine (E), norepinephrine (NE) and aldosterone (ALD) levels of arthroscopic surgery group were significantly lower than those of open surgery group (P<0.05).Conclusions:Arthroscopic headless compression screw fixation can optimize the knee joint function and reduce the surgical trauma in patients with patellar transverse fracture.