In the last issue,two case reports separately present examples of the extremely rare and complex congenital heart diseases that show concordant atrioventricular connections to the L-looped ventricles in the presence o...In the last issue,two case reports separately present examples of the extremely rare and complex congenital heart diseases that show concordant atrioventricular connections to the L-looped ventricles in the presence of situs solitus.Both cases highlight that the relationship between the two ventricles within the ventricular mass is not always harmonious with the given atrioventricular connection.Such disharmony between the connections and relationships requires careful assessment of the three basic facets of cardiac building blocks,namely their morphology,the relationship of their component parts,and their connections with the adjacent segments.3D imaging and printing can now facilitate an otherwise difficult diagnosis in such complex situations.Rotation of either the 3D images or the models permit accurate assessment of the ventricular topologic pattern by creating the right ventricular en-face septal view,thus facilitating placement of the observer’s hands.As we now emphasize,an alternative approach,which might prove more attractive to imagers,is to rotate the ventricular mass to provide the ventricular apical view,thus permitting determination of the ventricular relationship without using the hands.展开更多
Primers based upon the mitochondrial genome sequences of Bos taurus were used to amplify and sequence the complete mitochondrial D-loop region of Jiulong yak(Poephagus grunniens).The results showed that the length of ...Primers based upon the mitochondrial genome sequences of Bos taurus were used to amplify and sequence the complete mitochondrial D-loop region of Jiulong yak(Poephagus grunniens).The results showed that the length of D-loop was 893 bp,with 87.4%homology to the Bos taurus D-loop sequence;there were 17 bp deletion.Using Ovis aries as an outgroup,the phylogeny of representative species of Bovinae(P.grunniens,P.mutus,Bos taurus,Bos indicus,Bison bison,Bison bonasus,and Bubalus bubalis)was analyzed.Among Bovinae,the sequence divergence between P.grunniens,P.mutus and American bison(Bison bison)was 6.2%-6.8%,which was less than that of Bos taurus and Bos indicus within Bos(10.0%-11.3%).Phylogenetic analysis found that P.grunniens,P.mutus and Bison bison clustered first of all,indicating there was higher genetic comparability among them than to that of Bos.Combining data from paleontology,morphology,and molecular biology,the present analysis supports the argument that Poephagus grunniens and Poephagus mutus should be classified as a distinct genus in Bovinae,that is Poephagus.展开更多
This study was aimed at examining the phylogenetic and morphometric relationship of frigate tuna（Auxis thazard） and bullet tuna（Auxis rochei） using mt DNA D-loop（control） region sequences and truss measurements,...This study was aimed at examining the phylogenetic and morphometric relationship of frigate tuna（Auxis thazard） and bullet tuna（Auxis rochei） using mt DNA D-loop（control） region sequences and truss measurements,respectively. Maximum-likelihood（ML） tree and median-joining network showed that haplotypes from Auxis populations grouped separately. Discriminant function analyses and non-metric multidimensional scaling of morphometric data showed that bullet and frigate tuna were differed mainly with respect to truss measurements on the anterior region, suggesting adaptation to different diets available in different environments. Historic demographic analyses of sequence data showed that both bullet and frigate tuna had not undergone a significant sudden population expansion recently. Non-significant value of Tajimas＇ s D and Fu＇s F_S were indicated an effective large and stable population size for longer period of both species in South China Sea and Java Sea species. This study gives first report on the complementary relationship between morphometric and genetic analysis in stock discrimination of genus Auxis.展开更多
文摘In the last issue,two case reports separately present examples of the extremely rare and complex congenital heart diseases that show concordant atrioventricular connections to the L-looped ventricles in the presence of situs solitus.Both cases highlight that the relationship between the two ventricles within the ventricular mass is not always harmonious with the given atrioventricular connection.Such disharmony between the connections and relationships requires careful assessment of the three basic facets of cardiac building blocks,namely their morphology,the relationship of their component parts,and their connections with the adjacent segments.3D imaging and printing can now facilitate an otherwise difficult diagnosis in such complex situations.Rotation of either the 3D images or the models permit accurate assessment of the ventricular topologic pattern by creating the right ventricular en-face septal view,thus facilitating placement of the observer’s hands.As we now emphasize,an alternative approach,which might prove more attractive to imagers,is to rotate the ventricular mass to provide the ventricular apical view,thus permitting determination of the ventricular relationship without using the hands.
文摘Primers based upon the mitochondrial genome sequences of Bos taurus were used to amplify and sequence the complete mitochondrial D-loop region of Jiulong yak(Poephagus grunniens).The results showed that the length of D-loop was 893 bp,with 87.4%homology to the Bos taurus D-loop sequence;there were 17 bp deletion.Using Ovis aries as an outgroup,the phylogeny of representative species of Bovinae(P.grunniens,P.mutus,Bos taurus,Bos indicus,Bison bison,Bison bonasus,and Bubalus bubalis)was analyzed.Among Bovinae,the sequence divergence between P.grunniens,P.mutus and American bison(Bison bison)was 6.2%-6.8%,which was less than that of Bos taurus and Bos indicus within Bos(10.0%-11.3%).Phylogenetic analysis found that P.grunniens,P.mutus and Bison bison clustered first of all,indicating there was higher genetic comparability among them than to that of Bos.Combining data from paleontology,morphology,and molecular biology,the present analysis supports the argument that Poephagus grunniens and Poephagus mutus should be classified as a distinct genus in Bovinae,that is Poephagus.
文摘This study was aimed at examining the phylogenetic and morphometric relationship of frigate tuna（Auxis thazard） and bullet tuna（Auxis rochei） using mt DNA D-loop（control） region sequences and truss measurements,respectively. Maximum-likelihood（ML） tree and median-joining network showed that haplotypes from Auxis populations grouped separately. Discriminant function analyses and non-metric multidimensional scaling of morphometric data showed that bullet and frigate tuna were differed mainly with respect to truss measurements on the anterior region, suggesting adaptation to different diets available in different environments. Historic demographic analyses of sequence data showed that both bullet and frigate tuna had not undergone a significant sudden population expansion recently. Non-significant value of Tajimas＇ s D and Fu＇s F_S were indicated an effective large and stable population size for longer period of both species in South China Sea and Java Sea species. This study gives first report on the complementary relationship between morphometric and genetic analysis in stock discrimination of genus Auxis.
