RPLP0/TBP are the most stable reference genes for human dental pulp stem cells under osteogenic differentiation

BACKGROUND Validation of the reference gene(RG)stability during experimental analyses is essential for correct quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)data normalisation.Commonly,in an unreliable way,several studies use genes involved in essential cellular functions[glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydro-genase(GAPDH),18S rRNA,andβ-actin]without paying attention to whether they are suitable for such experimental conditions or the reason for choosing such genes.Furthermore,such studies use only one gene when Minimum Information for Publication of Quantitative Real-Time PCR Experiments guidelines recom-mend two or more genes.It impacts the credibility of these studies and causes dis-tortions in the gene expression findings.For tissue engineering,the accuracy of gene expression drives the best experimental or therapeutical approaches.We cultivated DPSCs under two conditions:Undifferentiated and osteogenic dif-ferentiation,both for 35 d.We evaluated the gene expression of 10 candidates for RGs[ribosomal protein,large,P0(RPLP0),TATA-binding protein(TBP),GAPDH,actin beta(ACTB),tubulin(TUB),aminolevulinic acid synthase 1(ALAS1),tyro-sine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein,zeta(YWHAZ),eukaryotic translational elongation factor 1 alpha(EF1a),succinate dehydrogenase complex,subunit A,flavoprotein(SDHA),and beta-2-micro-globulin(B2M)]every 7 d(1,7,14,21,28,and 35 d)by RT-qPCR.The data were analysed by the four main algorithms,ΔCt method,geNorm,NormFinder,and BestKeeper and ranked by the RefFinder method.We subdivided the samples into eight subgroups.RESULTS All of the data sets from clonogenic and osteogenic samples were analysed using the RefFinder algorithm.The final ranking showed RPLP0/TBP as the two most stable RGs and TUB/B2M as the two least stable RGs.Either theΔCt method or NormFinder analysis showed TBP/RPLP0 as the two most stable genes.However,geNorm analysis showed RPLP0/EF1αin the first place.These algorithms’two least stable RGs were B2M/GAPDH.For BestKeeper,ALAS1 was ranked as the most stable RG,and SDHA as the least stable RG.The pair RPLP0/TBP was detected in most subgroups as the most stable RGs,following the RefFinfer ranking.CONCLUSION For the first time,we show that RPLP0/TBP are the most stable RGs,whereas TUB/B2M are unstable RGs for long-term osteogenic differentiation of human DPSCs in traditional monolayers.

Comparison study on measurement of rail weld joint between inertial reference method and multi-point chord reference method

Purpose – Straightness measurement of rail weld joint is of essential importance to railway maintenance. Dueto the lack of efficient measurement equipment, there has been limited in-depth research on rail weld joint with a5-m wavelength range, leaving a significant knowledge gap in this field.Design/methodology/approach – In this study, the authors used the well-established inertial referencemethod (IR-method), and the state-of-the-art multi-point chord reference method (MCR-method). Two methodshave been applied in different types of rail straightness measurement trollies, respectively. These instrumentswere tested in a high-speed rail section within a certain region of China. The test results were ultimatelyvalidated through using traditional straightedge and feeler gauge methods as reference data to evaluate the railweld joint straightness within the 5-m wavelength range.Findings – The research reveals that IR-method and MCR-method produce reasonably similar measurementresults for wavelengths below 1 m. However, MCR-method outperforms IR-method in terms of accuracy forwavelengths exceeding 3 m. Furthermore, it was observed that IR-method, while operating at a slower speed,carries the risk of derailing and is incapable of detecting rail weld joints and low joints within the track.Originality/value – The research compare two methods’ measurement effects in a longer wavelength rangeand demonstrate the superiority of MCR-method.

Defining the We-map Reference Frames and Providing Mathematical Expressions for Transformation Relations

We-map is an interactive mobile map that can be easily communicated and applied on personal electronic devices,such as personal computers and mobile phones.Therefore,the study of direction systems and coordinate systems is critical,and exploring reference frames is essential in direction and coordinate systems.Despite its significance,existing research on We-map lacks specific solutions for the exploration of reference frames is indispensable for the establishment of accurate direction and coordinate systems.In this paper,we endeavor to address this gap by elucidating the significance of We-map reference frames,defining them with mathematical constraints,summarizing their nature and characteristics,deriving their transformation relationships and representing them through mathematical formulars and equations.Our work contributes to the fundamental theory of We-map and provides valuable systems and support for the mathematical foundation of We-map,map production,and platform development.Ultimately,this research serves to advance the development of We-map.

Pathological and Etiological Aspects of Nephrotic Syndrome at the Niamey General Reference Hospital

Introduction: Studies have been conducted on nephrotic syndrome in Niger. The study aimed to determine the histological and etiological aspects of nephrotic syndrome. Patients and Method: This was a retrospective study from February 1st, 2018 to January 31st, 2024. All patients with nephrotic syndrome who underwent renal biopsy were included. Samples were analyzed at the anatomy-cytology pathology laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine in Dakar (Senegal). The variables studied included clinical, biological, histological and etiological characteristics. Data were analyzed using Excel 2013 and Epi-info 7.2.0 software. Results: The study included 119 patients with nephrotic syndrome. Prevalence of nephrotic syndrome was 11.24%. The male-to-female ratio was 2.25:1. The mean age at diagnosis was between 34.5 ± 18.84 years. Edema was the reason for admission in 40.34% of cases. The nephrotic syndrome was impure in 63.86% of cases. Nine histological lesions were identified. Focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (40.09%), minimal change disease (23.53%), membranous nephropathy (13.45%), diabetic nephropathy (10.92%), membranous proliferative glomerulonephritis (3.36%), acute glomerulonephritis (3.36%), glomerular thrombotic microangiopathy (2.52%), non-IgA mesengial proliferative glomerulonephritis (1.68%) and amyloidosis (0.84%). Nephrotic syndrome was primary in 57.98% of cases. Secondary etiologies were dominated by diabetes (11.76%), followed by hepatitis B virus (9.24%), lupus, lymphoma, malaria, syphilis, cryoglobulinemia, sickle cell disease and HIV. Conclusion: Future studies should investigate the causes of glomerulopathy secondary to chronic tubulointerstitial lesions.

Review of Two Years of Surgical Activities of the General Surgery Department of the Reference Health Center of Commune I of Bamako Mali

The objectives of this work were to evaluate the surgical activities carried out in the general surgery department of the Reference Health Center of Commune I of Bamako, to describe the sociodemographic characteristics of the operated patients, to determine the main pathologies encountered and to evaluate qualitatively the result of the treatment. In order to improve performance, and the quality of care, and to identify common pathologies in the surgical department, we undertook a retrospective study on surgical activities from January 2009 to December 2010. At the end of this study, out of 474 men and 187 women (equal sex ratio 2.53);we were able to determine the frequency of surgical pathologies. Farmers, housewives and pupils/students were the most represented with 25.9% respectively;20% and 13.3%. The most frequently observed pathologies were wall hernia (44.8%), prostate adenoma (12%) and acute appendicitis (10.5%). The average length of hospitalization was 3.43 days. Infectious complications affected 25 patients (3.8% of cases) and a death rate of 0.45% (i.e. 3 patients). The average cost of care was 53,500 FCFA. Indeed, the reality of surgical practice in health centers was not the same because of the level of skills of practicing surgeons.

Equalization Reconstruction Algorithm Based on Reference Signal Frequency Domain Block Joint for DTMB-Based Passive Radar

Channel equalization plays a pivotal role within the reconstruction phase of passive radar reference signals.In the context of reconstructing digital terrestrial multimedia broadcasting(DTMB)signals for low-slow-small(LSS)target detection,a novel frequency domain block joint equalization algorithm is presented in this article.From the DTMB signal frame structure and channel multipath transmission characteristics,this article adopts a unconventional approach where the delay and frame structure of each DTMB signal frame are reconfigured to create a circular convolution block,facilitating concurrent fast Fourier transform(FFT)calculations.Following equalization,an inverse fast Fourier transform(IFFT)-based joint output and subsequent data reordering are executed to finalize the equalization process for the DTMB signal.Simulation and measured data confirm that this algorithm outperforms conventional techniques by reducing signal errors rate and enhancing real-time processing.In passive radar LSS detection,it effectively suppresses multipath and noise through frequency domain equalization,reducing false alarms and improving the capabilities of weak target detection.

Reference Interval of Thyroidal Function of Women in the Early,Middle and Late Pregnancy in Jingzhou City,Hubei Province

[Objectives]To study the reference value of thyroid function in healthy women of childbearing age during different pregnancies(early,middle and late pregnancy)in Jingzhou City.[Methods]362 healthy women of childbearing age during different pregnancies(early,middle and late pregnancy)were selected as the study group,and 360 non-pregnant women were selected as the control group.Serum thyroid hormone levels in the two groups were detected,and the reference value was expressed as the median(M)and 95%confidence interval(CI).On this basis,the chart of changing trend of thyroid hormone in the early,middle and late pregnancy were plotted.[Results]Compared with the control group,FT3,TT4,TT3,FT4and TSH in the early,middle and late pregnancy were significantly different in the study group(P<0.05).In the study group,there were significant differences in the early,middle and late pregnancy(P<0.05).[Conclusions]This trend chart has certain reference value in the screening,diagnosis and treatment of thyroid diseases in healthy women of childbearing age during different pregnancies(early,middle and late pregnancy)in Jingzhou City of Hubei Province.

Analysis of Chinese Xiehouyu from a Perspective of Cognitive Reference-Point

Xiehouyu (a two-part allegorical saying) is unique and refined, and the cultural load is rich and heavy. The use of Xiehouyu in verbal communication and literary works reflects the speaker’s cognitive ability and language skills of operating and blending cognitive concepts dynamically. Langacker’s reference-point theory has a high explanatory power and is a basic cognitive mode of human beings. This paper attempts to make a cognitive analysis of the structure and understanding of Xiehouyu by using reference-point theory, aiming at explaining its cognitive mechanism and meaning construction.

A Reference Vector-Assisted Many-Objective Optimization Algorithm with Adaptive Niche Dominance Relation

It is still a huge challenge for traditional Pareto-dominatedmany-objective optimization algorithms to solve manyobjective optimization problems because these algorithms hardly maintain the balance between convergence and diversity and can only find a group of solutions focused on a small area on the Pareto front,resulting in poor performance of those algorithms.For this reason,we propose a reference vector-assisted algorithmwith an adaptive niche dominance relation,for short MaOEA-AR.The new dominance relation forms a niche based on the angle between candidate solutions.By comparing these solutions,the solutionwith the best convergence is found to be the non-dominated solution to improve the selection pressure.In reproduction,a mutation strategy of k-bit crossover and hybrid mutation is used to generate high-quality offspring.On 23 test problems with up to 15-objective,we compared the proposed algorithm with five state-of-the-art algorithms.The experimental results verified that the proposed algorithm is competitive.

超级黑胶唱盘New Reference有多硬核? THORENS多能仕总裁Gunter Kurten先生告诉你

德国THORENS(多能仕),自1883年创立以来,已拥有超过140年的辉煌历史,是全球首屈一指的黑胶唱盘品牌之一。值此140周年庆典之际,THORENS于2023年隆重推出了新一代的旗舰产品——New Reference超级黑胶唱盘。

Design of MC9 Test Equipment for Inertial Reference System

Inertial reference system is one of the airborne equipment.According to the requirements of SAE ARP4754A Guidelines for Development of Civil Aircraft and Systems,MC9 equipment qualification test is needed to verify that the inertial reference system can perform reservation function under specified service conditions.That is,the inertial reference system shall pass certain environmental tests specified in DO⁃160G.Some tests are faced with the problem that the test equipment should have the function requirements of isolation protection and load simulation.Therefore,a kind of test equipment which can provide isolation protection and simulate load function in the test is designed.

一个传奇的品牌,一个经典的系列 KEF与TheReference系列的故事

回顾2023年,KEF的产品又再斩获众多不同定位、不同类型的各种Hi-Fi音响奖项。在更新MAT技术后,KEF全线新Meta系列在音质方面的提升是备受肯定的。其中最受瞩目的自然是KEF当家的Reference系列了。Reference (参考)系列作为KEF产品线中一个非常重要的高端系列,历经多次变革,至今依然是KEF产品线当中最受发烧友欢迎的系列。它不仅是嫡传KEF每个时期应用于旗舰级先进技术的产品,更是KEF最新技术的普及应用和向下移植的承载者。这个刚刚迈过第50个年头的经典系列在这么多年来能够持续获得发烧友和媒体的喜爱实属不易,这个系列是如何一步一步成为经典的?我们来回顾一下KEF这个品牌与参考系列的发展。

一切皆有可能 测试Consonance Reference CDS8音乐播放器

以前,我从未想过听CD会过时,但在无载体媒体时代,情况已经如此。幸运的是,一群执着的音响发烧友还在坚持。ORERA Consonance Re horee a OPERA Consonance Reference CDS8这款CD、数码流播放器,不仅可以播放CD,而且它是以非常高的水准来播放CD,名副其实的好产品,可以与Advance Acoustics、Creek、AVM等这些品牌的产品齐名。

动态增强MRI Reference region模型在子宫肌瘤中的初步应用

目的探讨动态增强MRI(DCE-MRI)评价子宫肌瘤血流动力学情况的应用价值。方法对61例子宫肌瘤患者(78个子宫肌瘤)行DCE-MRI,选择Reference region模型完成图像后处理;对肌瘤特点、肌瘤及肌层定量参数值行统计学分析;将子宫肌瘤R^(klrans)、K_(ep,RR)、K_(ep,TOI)值与患者自身肌层相应值作比较,高于(或低于)肌层相应值者定义为高(或低)R^(klrans)、K_(ep,RR)、K_(ep,TOI)病灶;依据T2WI图像上肌瘤信号强度分为低信号、等信号、不均匀高信号、均匀显著高信号、均匀轻度高信号。结果子宫肌瘤与肌层间R^(klrans)、K_(ep,RR)、K_(ep,TOI)值的差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05);高R^(klrans)病灶与低R^(klrans)病灶、高K_(ep,TOI)病灶与低K_(ep,TOI)病灶差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05),高K_(ep,RR)病灶与低K_(ep,RR)病灶差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);肌瘤T2WI信号强度与其R^(klrans)、K_(ep,RR)、K_(ep,TOI)值呈低度正相关(r值分别为0.308、0.303、0.318,P均<0.05)。均匀轻度高信号肌瘤R^(klrans)值与低、等、不均匀高、均匀显著高信号肌瘤间R^(klrans)值的差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05);均匀轻度高信号肌瘤K_(ep,RR)值与低、等信号肌瘤K_(ep,RR)值间差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05);均匀轻度高信号肌瘤K_(ep,TOI)值与低、等、不均匀高信号肌瘤K_(ep,TOI)值间差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05),低信号肌瘤K_(ep,TOI)值与均匀显著高信号肌瘤K_(ep,TOI)值差异有统计学意义(P=0.027);余组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。肌壁间、浆膜下、黏膜下肌瘤间R^(klrans)、K_(ep,RR)、K_(ep,TOI)值的差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。结论 DCE-MRI的Reference region模型可用以定量分析子宫肌瘤与子宫肌层不同的血流动力学特点。

Selection of Reference Genes in Transcription Analysis of Gene Expression of the Mandarin Fish, Siniperca chuasti

At present, transcription analysis of gene expression commonly uses housekeeping genes as control for normalization. In this study, the expression levels of three housekeeping genes including GAPDH, β-actin, and 18S rRNA in six tissues and five developmental stages of the Mandarin fish Siniperca chuatsi were assayed with quantitative real-time PCR （qPCR）. Differences in expression levels were analyzed using geNorm program. The results demonstrate that β-actin is the most stable gene at developmental stages and GAPDH is the most stable in different tissues. While 18S rRNA expression during development is differentially regulated, which indicates it is suitable as an internal control for gene expression normalization at the developmental level. Overall, the data suggest that the two most stable housekeeping genes are enough to accurately calibrate gene expression in S. chuatsi. The significance of this study provided convincing references and methodology for housekeeping gene selection and normalization in gene expression analysis with regular PCR or qPCR.

AO Surgery Reference软件在骨科临床教学中的应用和体会

骨科临床教学是外科教学系统中的重要组成部分,但由于其涉及的疾病范畴广、专业性强,临床教学效果常常不佳。将AO surgery Reference软件引入到临床实习教学中,辅助以影像学3D重建图像,开发新的教学课件和教学互动平台,不仅能调动学生的积极性、提高教学效果,也减轻了教师的负担,在骨科的临床实习带教中有着积极的意义。

A Piecewise-Linear Compensated Bandgap Reference

A bandgap voltage reference is presented with a piecewise linear compensating circuit in order to reduce the temperature coefficient.The basic principle is to divide the whole operating temperature range into some sub ranges.At different temperature sub ranges the bandgap reference can be compensated by different linear functions.Since the temperature sub range is much narrower than the whole range,the compensation error can be reduced significantly.Theoretically,the precision can be improved unlimitedly if the sub ranges are narrow enough.In the given example,with only three temperature sub ranges,the temperature coefficient of a conventional bandgap reference drops from 1 5×10 -5 /℃ to 2×10 -6 /℃ over the -40℃ to 120℃ temperature range.

A Novel CMOS Current Mode Bandgap Reference

A novel CMOS bandgap reference is presented. The output reference of this new current mode structure can be set to an arbitrary value above the bandgap voltage of silicon,avoiding offset in application. It also overcomes the systematic mismatch of conventional current mode bandgap references. The proposed bandgap reference has been implemented in UMC 0.18μm mixed mode technology. Under the supply voltage of 1.6V, the proposed bandgap reference provides an output reference of 1.45V and consumes 27μA of supply current. Using no curvature compensation,it can reach a temperature coefficient of 23ppm/℃ from 30 to 150℃ with a line regulation of 2. 1mV/V from 1.6 to 3V and a PSRR of 40dB at DC frequency. The chip area of the bandgap reference （without pad） is 0. 088mm^2.

A Near-1V 10ppm/℃ CMOS Bandgap Reference with Curvature Compensation

A low voltage bandgap reference with curvature compensation is presented. Using current mode structure, the proposed bandgap circuit has a minimum voltage of 900mV. Compensated through the VEB linearization technique, this bandgap reference can reach a temperature coefficient of 10ppmFC from 0 to 150℃. With a 1.1V supply voltage,the supply current is 43μA and the PSRR is 55dB at DC frequency. This bandgap reference has been verified in a UMC 0.18μm mixed mode CMOS technology and occupies 0. 186mm^2 of chip area.

Construction of the Plasmid Reference Molecule for Detection of Transgenic Soybean MON89788

[Objective] The aim was to construct a plasmid reference molecule (PRM) for detection of transgenic soybean MON89788. [Method] the lectin gene sequence,3'-junction and 5'-junction sequence between host plant DNA integrated DNA of MON89788 soybean were amplified independently,and the three fragments were cloned into the cloning vector pMD18-T in order through molecular manipulation method to construct pMD-LM3M5,the applicability of the constructed novel PRM was tested. [Result] Sequencing confirmation result showed that the PRM was 3 700 bp in length,containing 1 029 bp of recombined DNA fragment. The limits of qualitative detection of the PRM were 10 copies. [Conclusion] The PRM constructed in this study was suitable for the identification of MON89788 event.