Characteristics and Warning Indexes of Rice Seeds Viability Loss During Storage at 45℃ Constant Temperature

Seed aging characteristics of rice was investigated in this study. Seeds of 34 japonica rice (O-ryza sativa subsp. japonica) varieties were held at 451 constant temperature. Changes in seed viability and seed vigor during aging process were measured to study seed viability-losing characteristic and to determine warning index for seed viability loss. As a result, seed viability survival curves were obtained across different rice accessions at 45℃ constant temperature. The curves appeared to be contra-sigmoid survival curves. The loss of seed viability in the aging process consisted of two phases. The first phase took a long duration, in which the viability of vigorous seeds declined slowly. In the second phase, seed viability declined rapidly. It was obvious that seed viability declined inconsistently during storage. It also showed that seed germination was prolonged and the seedling was significantly weakened before the coming of the rapid declining phase of seed viability. These two parameters could be used to indicate seed quality during storage. The rate of compatibility of tests (RCT), coefficient of variation (CV), vigor of seedling, the day the seeds start to germinate could be used as warning indexes to indicate overall quality of a mass of accessions. These warning indexes could also be used in monitoring the viability of seeds stored in the seed genebank.

On the change of some biochemistry indexes and nutrition intervention in weight loss trials of female Judo athletes

This thesis expounds the body function state change of the female judo athletes and attempts to probe the method of improving the capacity of sports of female judo athletes,through the research of biochemistry index change and nutritional interveution effect during their weight loss period.The research objects are 24 judo athletes from Inner Mongolia and they are randomly divided into groups of common loss of weight(n=8),loss of weight with common nutrition(n=8) and loss of weight with nutrition intervening(n=8) according to their weight.The experiment period is 2 weeks.Conclusion:(1)The judo athletes should be enforced with the food rich in Fe and protein to avoid anemia.(2)The nutritional complement like glutamine et cetera can improve the athletes body function and capacity of sports,and relieve fatigue efficiently.

Low-Loss, Broadband and Tunable Negative Refractive Index Metamaterial

This paper report on a low-loss, broadband, and tunable negative refractive index metamaterial (NRIM) consisting of yttrium iron garnet (YIG) slabs and printed circuit boards (PCBs). The YIG slabs under an applied magnetic field provide a negative permeability and the PCBs provide a negative permittivity. The substrates of the PCBs decuple the interactions between the YIG slabs and wire array deposed on such substrates. The effective electromagnetic parameters of the NRIM and the conditions of exhibiting the negative refractive index character are analyzed theoretically. Then the negative transmission and negative refraction characters are investigated numerically and experimentally. The results indicate that the NRIM exhibits negative pass band within the X-band with a bandwidth of about 1 GHz and a peak transmission power of about - 2.5 dB. While changing the applied magnetic field from 2300 Oe to 2700 Oe, the measured pass band of NRIM shift from 8.42 GHz to 9.50 GHz with a 2.7 MHz/Oe step. The results open a sample way to fabricate the NRIM, further, the metamaterial cloak and absorber.

磷指数法——PI(PIndex)的修正及应用

在农业非点源污染研究中,确定农业非点源污染的关键源区或危险区域是开展有针对性研究和控制农业非点源污染的首要问题之一.磷指数法作为一种评估磷的流失危险性大小的工具,得到了广泛的应用.本文主要介绍了磷指数法的建立及其修正,其中包括三个比较主要的修正,及一些针对本地区实际状况进行的修正.同时本文对该方法在我国的应用提出了建议.

Effect of Six-fourth Generation Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenée) on Rice yield and Control Index

[Objective] The study aimed to find out effects of six-fourth generation Cnaphalocrocis medinalis （Guenée） on rice production in Yangzhou district and its control index. [Method] Through artificial control of insects in field, four different insect volume gradients were set, the effects of different C. medinalis amounts on leaf roll rate and yield loss of Wuyunjing No.23 were determined. [Result] The results showed that within the range of 0-20 head/hill, as the amounts of insect increased, rice yield decreased, leaf roll rate and rice yield loss rate increased. According to 3% economic permit loss rate, the control index of C. medinalis on Wuyunjing No.23 was 173 head/hill. [Conclusion] The study would provide theoretical basis for effective controlling of six-fourth generation C. medinalis in Yangzhou district.

Occurrence,Damage and Control Index of Rape Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in Mechanical Direct Seeding Fields

Real-time monitoring and investigation in fields showed that the disease starting period of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in mechanical direct seeding fields was earlier. Disease conditions rose with the advancing growth stage, which grew more quickly during the early stage of anthesis, flower withering period and early si- lique mature period. Yield less rate increased with the increasing stem disease rate and disease index. Yield loss rate（ Y1 ） had extremely significant correlation with stem disease rate（X1 ）and disease index（X2 ）, and the related models were Y1 = 0. 544 330 2X1 -2. 316 1 （n = 14, r --0. 986 0 ＊ ＊ ）and YI = 0. 673 408 X2 - 1. 016 4 （ n = 14 ,r = 0.977 2 ~ ＊ ）, respectively. Disease control indexes for one time control against S. sclerotlorum in mechanical direct seeding fields were stem disease rate as 11.8% and disease index as 7.6, respectively. The control indexes for twice control against the disease were stem disease rate as 16.8% and disease index as 11.7. This paper provided a new scientific basis for preventing S. sclerotiorum in mechanical direct seeding fields.

Wearable Smart Sensor System for Medical Monitoring with an Assessment of the Level of Blood Loss and Pain Shock Because of Trauma or Injury

Blood loss in peacetime is mainly due to the normal menstrual cycle in women or diseases with surgical intervention. In wartime, blood loss in military personnel is a characteristic sign of a closed or open injury of the body during internal or external bleeding. Access to clinical care for wounded military personnel injured on the battlefield is limited and has long delays compared to patients in peacetime. Most of the deaths of wounded military personnel on the battlefield occur within the first hour after being wounded. The most common causes are delay in providing medical care, loss of time for diagnosis, delay in stabilization of pain shock and large blood loss. Some help in overcoming these problems is provided by the data in the individual capsule, which each soldier of the modern army possesses;however, data in an individual capsule is not sufficient to provide emergency medical care in field and hospital conditions. This paper considers a project for development of a smart real-time monitoring wearable system for blood loss and level of shock stress in wounded persons on the battlefield, which provides medical staff in field and hospital conditions with the necessary information to give timely medical care. Although the hospital will require additional information, the basic information about the victims will already be known before he enters the hospital. It is important to emphasize that the key term in this approach is monitoring. It is tracking, and not a one-time measurement of indicators, that is crucial in a valid definition of bleeding.

Functional Weak Laws for the Weighted Mean Losses or Gains and Applications

In this paper, we show that many risk measures arising in Actuarial Sciences, Finance, Medicine, Welfare analysis, etc. are gathered in classes of Weighted Mean Loss or Gain (WMLG) statistics. Some of them are Upper Threshold Based (UTH) or Lower Threshold Based (LTH). These statistics may be time-dependent when the scene is monitored in the time and depend on specific functions w and d. This paper provides time-dependent and uniformly functional weak asymptotic laws that allow temporal and spatial studies of the risk as well as comparison among statistics in terms of dependence and mutual influence. The results are particularized for usual statistics like the Kakwani and Shorrocks ones that are mainly used in welfare analysis. Data-driven applications based on pseudo-panel data are provided.

Benefit of laparoscopic liver resection in high body mass index patients

AIM: To explore the impact of body mass index(BMI) on surgical outcomes in patients undergoing laparoscopic liver resection(LLR).METHODS: From January 2010 to February 2015, sixty-eight patients who underwent primary partial liver resection in our institute were retrospectively reviewed. Surgical outcomes of LLR were compared with those of open liver resection(OLR). In addition, we analyzed associations with BMI and surgical outcomes.RESULTS: Among 68 patients, thirty-nine patients underwent LLR and 29 were performed OLR. Significant difference in operation time, blood loss, and postoperative hospital stay was observed. There were no signi ficant di fferences in mortali ty and morbidity in two groups. Twenty-two patients(32.4%) were classified as obese(BMI ≥ 25). A statistically significant correlation was observed between BMI and operation time, between BMI and blood loss in OLR, but not in LLR. The operation time and blood loss of OLR were significantly higher than that of LLR in obese patients. Open liver resection and BMI were independent predictors for prolonged operation time and increased blood loss in multivariate analysis.CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrated that BMI had influenced to surgical outcomes of OLR. LLR was less influenced by BMI and had great benefit in obese patients.

Occupational Heat Stress in the Floriculture Industry of Ethiopia: Health Risks and Productivity Losses

Background: The Ethiopian flower industry is growing fast with successful diversification of export products under greenhouse structures. Higher temperatures in the greenhouses pose a serious threat to the health of workers and add to the risk of occupational heat stress. Excessive heat in workplace settings also reduces work capacity and labour productivity. This study aims to investigate the level of heat exposure, and workers’ and managers’ perceptions and behavioural responses towards extreme heat exposure in a warming climate. Methods: We used the Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) measured in representative greenhouses to capture the heat exposure during hotter and cooler seasons following ISO 7243 (generally risk of heat stress occurs when WBGT exceeds 26°C). A comparative cross-sectional study design with a stratified sampling method was used to assess occupational heat stress and workers’ perceptions of the impact of heat on their health and productivity in six different floriculture greenhouses in Ethiopia representing three different agro-ecologies and products. A questionnaire survey was conducted (30 managers/supervisors and 305 workers;76.1% female) to capture perceptions on heat exposures, symptoms of potential health impacts, productivity losses and coping mechanisms. Results: Heat exposure varied across different agroecologies, product types and greenhouse materials with a median WBGT Index of 25.5°C and a range from 18.1°C to 31.5°C. The impact of heat stress also varied across different employment sectors and geographical regions. Overall, workers in cut-flower greenhouses are exposed to higher than recommended WBGT Index (26°C) for 3 - 6 working hours daily. 65% of the managers reported that heat stress has a significant impact on the workers’ labour productivity, but do not have guidance about working in hot conditions. Workers reported more heat-related health issues and reduced productivity, especially in the mid-altitude greenhouses. About 50% of the workers reported that heat exposure decreased work productivity during hot hours. Sweating, exhaustion, heat-rashes, dehydration, crumps, nausea and headache were self-reported health issues. Labour productivity losses ranged from no loss to 19.5% in the mid- and low-altitudes. Conclusions and Recommendations: Excessive workplace heat in the greenhouses is both an occupational health hazard and detrimental to productivity in the floriculture industry. However, the level of understanding and actions on the ground regarding occupational heat stress are low. The code of conduct in place now does not consider the occupational heat stress issues. Multiple actions (engineering, management, training and policy-related recommendations) have to be implemented by Ethiopian Horticultural Producers and Exporters Association (EHPEA) and farm owners to mitigate heat stress and loss of productivity. Designing and implementing these heat prevention strategies and incorporating them into the code of conduct is in the interests of both employers and employees.

中国农田磷流失风险评价及其关键驱动因素

农田面源磷流失是农业面源污染的重要原因之一,识别流域内农田磷流失风险的关键源区及其影响因子是面源污染控制的重要手段。基于磷指数模型开展2000—2020年中国农田磷流失风险评估,选取土壤有效磷含量、磷肥施用量为源因子,土壤侵蚀模数、年径流深、农田和水体间归一化距离指数为迁移因子,结合GIS技术评估了中国农田磷流失的关键源区;在此基础上,利用随机森林法分析影响中国农田磷流失的关键因子,并通过结构方程模型揭示了农田磷流失风险指数与各因子的关系。结果表明:1)2000—2020年中国农田的磷流失的低、中、高、极高风险面积分别占农田总面积的43.8%、40.5%、13.4%、2.4%。2)中国农田磷流失在2000、2005、2010、2015、2020年高风险和极高风险总面积的年平均占比从大到小依次为:淮河流域、长江流域、珠江流域、东南诸河流域、松辽河流域、西南诸河流域、黄河流域、内陆河流域、海河流域。3)影响农田磷流失风险的关键源因子和迁移因子分别为土壤有效磷含量和归一化距离指数,其重要性特征值分别为129.53和65.12,土壤有效磷含量是农田磷流失最主要影响因子。4)磷流失风险指数与源因子指数、迁移因子指数呈极显著正相关,选取的14个指标对磷指数的解释度达0.62,其中源因子和迁移因子对磷指数的贡献率分别为0.77、0.19(P <0.001)。研究结果可为中国农田磷流失风险评估提供科学参考,对中国农业面源污染的宏观防控及战略决策具有重要意义。

湖北省雷电灾损特征评估

基于2000-2020年湖北省雷电灾害资料,统计了雷电灾害的等级、经济损失、人员伤亡以及受灾行业等信息,分析了不同等级雷电灾害变化特征、受灾行业以及生命和经济损失特征。结果表明:2000-2020年湖北省雷灾以一般和较大等级为主,占比达96.31%,重大、较大、一般等级雷灾均呈先上升后降低的特征;鄂东地区为雷灾高发区,江汉平原常发生较大及以上等级的雷灾,而鄂西地区以一般等级雷灾为主;农、林、牧、渔业最易遭受雷灾,其伤亡和设备损坏也最严重,但呈下降趋势;制造业因雷灾造成的经济损失最大,尤其是在鄂东北地区;全省生命损失指数呈东高西低的分布特征,高至较高生命、经济损失指数主要集中在鄂东中部地区,少量散布在鄂西北和江汉平原局地。

The association of circulating interleukin-18 with fasting insulin and weight loss in obese children

Obesity is an independent risk factor for developing cardiovascular disease and increases insulin resistance in children. Interleukin (IL)-18 is a novel pro-inflammatory cytokine with potential atherogenetic properties. This study ai- med to identify circulating levels of IL-18 in obese children and examine the effects of combined nutritional education-physical activity course on circulating IL-18. Plasma IL-18, body mass index (BMI), fasting glucose and insulin, homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA IR), lipid profile, uric acid, high- sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and homocysteine were determined in 70 obese children aged 10-12 years before and after attending a 13-week weight reduction program, which included physical activities and nutritional education. Twenty-five age-matched non-obese children served as controls. At baseline, obese children had significantly higher levels of BMI, fasting insulin, HOMA IR, triglyceride (TG), uric acid, hs-CRP, and IL-18 but lower high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) than non-obese children. Plasma IL-18 levels in obese children decreased significantly after the weight reduction program. At baseline, plasma IL-18 levels in obese children positively correlated with BMI, HOMA IR, insulin and TG but negatively correlated with HDL-C. There was a significant relationship between plasma IL-18 and BMI changes. Moreover, fasting insulin was responsible for IL-18 variability in obese children. These findings suggest that elevated plasma IL-18 levels in obese children are partly associated with parameters of obesity and insulin resistance, and are significantly affected by modest weight loss.

大豆脲酶诱导碳酸钙固化黄河泥沙水稳定性试验研究

随着国家“交通强国”战略的提出,沿黄工程建设发展迅速,填筑用土需求剧增。黄河泥沙作为填筑材料的可行性已被证实,但其在多雨地区的服役性能需要改善,探索一种生态、高效的泥沙加固方法提高其水稳定性十分关键。本文基于酶诱导碳酸钙沉淀(EICP)技术固化黄河泥沙的方法,分别开展了常规浸水条件和干湿循环条件下固化黄河泥沙的水稳定性试验,研究了浸水后试样的质量损失及强度折损情况,分析了干湿循环对固化后黄河泥沙试样强度软化系数的影响规律。结果表明:采用EICP技术固化的黄河泥沙试样浸水崩解过程相比原状试样更加缓慢;胶结液浓度1.5 mol/L的黄河泥沙试样长期(56 d)浸水后,几乎保持完整,质量损失率仅为6.36%,强度折损率仅为6.21%;10次干湿循环后,不同胶结液浓度处理后的黄河泥沙试样均出现了不同程度的颗粒松散和脱落现象,胶结液浓度1.5 mol/L、灌浆10次的黄河泥沙试样的抗压强度损失仅为9.96%,抗干湿循环能力最强。利用EICP技术可以有效的固化黄河泥沙并提升其水稳定性,这对推进黄河泥沙的资源化利用进程十分重要。

Development Ideas of Meteorological Index Insurance for Crop Pests and Diseases

Pests and diseases are one of the most important disasters facing crops in China. In order to solve the limitations of the existing pests and diseases insurance products in the aspects of fuzzy definition of insurance liability,different setting of claim points,and the design and operation of moral hazard and adverse selection,this paper puts forward a new idea of applying meteorological index insurance to the risk management of pests and diseases,which can be summarized as the following four parts: acquisition and collation of data,determination of the production reduction caused by the pests and diseases,the selection of meteorological factors of pests and disasters and the construction of index,and the setting of the pure rate of insurance. In the future,in the study of meteorological index insurance for crop pests and diseases,we should strengthen the cooperation among meteorology,plant conservation,insurance and agronomy,and other interdisciplinary fields,scientifically quantify the production reduction caused by pests and diseases,and pay attention to the information exchange among the government,the insurance company and the farmers.

Investigation of Connecting Wind Turbine to Radial Distribution System on Voltage Stability Using SI Index and λ - V Curves

The growth of wind energy penetration level in distribution system raises the concern about its impact on the operation of the power system, especially voltage stability and power loss. Among the major concerns, this paper studied the impact of connecting wind Turbine (WT) in radial distribution system with different penetration levels and different power factor (lead and lag) on power system voltage stability and power loss reduction. Load flow calculation was carried out using forward-backward sweep method. The analysis proceeds on 9- and 33-bus radial distribution systems. Results show that voltage stability enhancement and power loss reduction should be considered as WT installation objective.

基于用户生产场景辨识的电压暂降经济损失评估

准确评估工业用户电压暂降经济损失,是制定治理方案、估算赔偿金额的前提。针对现有评估方法未考虑实际生产场景多变、先验数据有限的问题,提出了考虑用户生产场景变化的电压暂降经济损失评估方法。首先,基于奇异值分解以及K最邻近算法检测过渡区间,进行功率数据分段,并构建功率数据特征指标体系,准确刻画功率数据特性;其次,提出基于改进生成对抗网络(generative adversarial networks,GAN)的数据增强模型,通过引入特征损失提高生成数据质量并保证多样性,解决先验数据有限问题;再次,混合生成数据及先验数据,构建用户生产场景辨识模型,实现用户生产场景的有效辨识;最后,根据电压暂降发生时刻的生产场景明确生产线运行状态,结合各生产场景下的工业过程中断次数及生产线中断损失,实现电压暂降经济损失的准确评估。通过算例验证了该文方法的有效性和准确性。

果园风送式喷雾机在现代矮砧苹果园的喷施效果评价

【目的】探究风送式塔型喷雾机在矮砧宽行密植苹果园中的施药效果,优化施药参数,为现代矮砧苹果园农药施用“减量增效”提供理论参考。【方法】以5年生烟富3苹果为试验材料,采用水敏纸雾滴测试卡测定3WF-1000风送式塔型喷雾机雾滴粒径、雾滴密度与覆盖率,并利用示踪剂诱惑红测定喷雾机的药液沉积量及地面沉积量。【结果】在5年生现代矮砧宽行密植苹果园中,喷雾机在不同牵引速度下的雾滴特性差异显著,与牵引速度为1.16 m·s^(-1)(4.18 km·h^(-1))时相比,牵引速度为1.77 m·s-(16.37 km·h^(-1))时的雾滴覆盖率和雾滴粒径由62.19%和142.67μm下降到57.03%和131.67μm,而雾滴密度由141.72点·cm^(-2)增加到179.86点·cm^(-2);牵引速度为1.77 m·s^(-1)时的叶面平均沉积量、地面沉积量和农药利用率分别为0.24μg·cm^(-2)、0.55μg·cm^(-2)和47.1%,均高于1.16 m·s^(-1)时(分别为0.22μg·cm^(-2)、0.43μg·cm^(-2)和43.7%)。【结论】3WF-1000型风送式喷雾机两个牵引速度(1.16 m·s^(-1)和1.77 m·s^(-1))的雾滴特性均能满足矮砧宽行密植苹果园病虫害的防治要求,喷雾机在牵引速度1.77 m·s^(-1)时农药利用率更高,但易导致土壤流失率增高。

1981—2018年吉林省玉米水分盈亏及旱涝时空分布

吉林省作为我国玉米主产区和重要的商品粮基地,明确吉林省玉米水分盈亏指数及旱涝灾害的时空分布特征,有助于提高农业生产的稳定性和抗灾能力。该文采用吉林省逐日气象站点数据,通过计算月尺度下的潜在蒸散量,构建水分盈亏指数来分析吉林省潜在蒸散量和旱涝灾害的时空分布特征,运用趋势分析法和小波分析法来探究水分盈亏指数的趋势性及周期性变化。结果表明:多年平均潜在蒸散量和各月份平均潜在蒸散量均有由西北至东南逐渐递减的趋势,5—9月潜在蒸散量分别占生长周期内总平均潜在蒸散量的26.3%、24.5%、21.1%、16.8%和11.3%。5月和9月发生中旱及以上频率大于50%的地区主要位于白城市西部,四平市西部和长春市中部地区。8月和9月中涝及以上频率高值区位于吉林省东部及东南部地区。

三重指数裸土信息提取优化方法及其应用

快速、准确、简便地提取裸土信息对高效监测水土流失状况、科学开展水土保持工作具有重要意义。本研究以福建省长汀县为研究区域,构建了三重指数裸土信息的遥感提取方法,选取裸土指数BI初步提取裸土信息,再利用垂直不透水面指数PISI和仿归一化建筑指数NDBI*剔除裸土中混杂的建筑用地。将三重指数法应用于长汀县的结果表明:①长汀县裸土面积从2016年的128.61km^(2)下降至2022年的102.22km^(2),反映出该县水土保持工作的良好成效。②三重指数法操作简便,并且在分离裸土和建筑用地信息上有较好的表现,提取总精度在96%以上,Kappa系数大于0.89。