A rapid and accurate direct measurement method of underground coal seam gas content based on dynamic diffusion theory

Coal seam gas content is frequently measured in quantity during underground coal mining operation and coalbed methane(CBM)exploration as a significant basic parameter.Due to the calculation error of lost gas and residual gas in the direct method,the efficiency and accuracy of the current methods are not inadequate to the large area multi-point measurement of coal seam gas content.This paper firstly deduces a simplified theoretical dynamic model for calculating lost gas based on gas dynamic diffusion theory.Secondly,the effects of various factors on gas dynamic diffusion from coal particle are experimentally studied.And sampling procedure of representative coal particle is improved.Thirdly,a new estimation method of residual gas content based on excess adsorption and competitive adsorption theory is proposed.The results showed that the maximum error of calculating the losing gas content by using the new simplified model is only 4%.Considering the influence of particle size on gas diffusion law,the particle size of the collected coal sample is below 0.25 mm,which improves the measurement speed and reflects the safety representativeness of the sample.The determination time of gas content reduced from 36 to 3 h/piece.Moreover,the absolute error is 0.15–0.50 m^3/t,and the relative error is within 5%.A new engineering method for determining the coal seam gas content is developed according to the above research.

Similarity solutions of vertical plane wall plume based on finite analytic method

The turbulent flow of vertical plane wall plume with concentration variation was studied with the finite analytical method. The k-epsilon model with the effect of buoyancy on turbulent kinetic energy and its dissipation rate was adopted. There were similarity solutions in the uniform environment for the system of equations including the equation of continuity, the equation of momentum along the flow direction and concentration, and equations of k, epsilon. The finite analytic method was applied to obtain the similarity solution. The calculated data of velocity, relative density difference, the kinetic energy of turbulence and its dissipation rate distribution for vertical plane plumes are in good agreement with the experimental data at the turbulent Schmidt number equal to 1.0. The variations of their maximum value along the direction of main flow were also given. It shows that the present model is good, i.e., the effect of buoyancy on turbulent kinetic energy and its dissipation rate should be taken into account, and the finite analytic method is effective.

Adaptive Stabilization and Trajectory Tracking of Airship with Neutral Buoyancy

这份报纸介绍一个适应非线性的控制答案给一架自治飞艇的水平运动。我们定义包括配置错误和速度错误的错误功能的一个新奇家庭。然后，我们建立错误系统。稳定错误系统的适应非线性的控制器被 Lyapunov 直接方法和 Matrosov 定理设计。数字研究被介绍说明建议控制器的有效性。

Surface tension effects on the behaviour of a rising bubble driven by buoyancy force

In the inviscid and incompressible fluid flow regime,surface tension effects on the behaviour of an initially spherical buoyancy-driven bubble rising in an infinite and initially stationary liquid are investigated numerically by a volume of fluid （VOF） method. The ratio of the gas density to the liquid density is 0.001, which is close to the case of an air bubble rising in water. It is found by numerical experiment that there exist four critical Weber numbers We1,~We2,~We3 and We4, which distinguish five different kinds of bubble behaviours. It is also found that when 1≤We2, the bubble will finally reach a steady shape, and in this case after it rises acceleratedly for a moment, it will rise with an almost constant speed, and the lower the Weber number is, the higher the speed is. When We 〉We2, the bubble will not reach a steady shape, and in this case it will not rise with a constant speed. The mechanism of the above phenomena has been analysed theoretically and numerically.

An Experimental Study on Measurement Methods of Bulk Density and Porosity of Rock Samples

Density and porosity are fundamental and important physical properties of rocks in various geological problems, and affect the other physical properties. Therefore, measurements of density and porosity of rock samples are important investigation items in both geo-science and geo-engineering areas. Several measurement techniques of the density and porosity are available and being applied currently. To ensure the data quality and to conduct its quality assessment, comparison of measurement results by different measurement techniques is necessary since the techniques are based on different principles and test procedures. In this study, we collected eight types of rock samples including a gabbro, a granite, four sandstones, a welded tuff and a mudstone as study materials, and also prepared several metal specimens for the experimental comparison. The porosities of the eight rocks covered a very wide range from 0.3% to 50% approximately. We employed three methods (caliper, buoyancy and helium-displacement pycnometer) to measure volumes of regularly-shaped specimens and to determine their bulk densities and porosities. As a result, the three techniques yielded almost same bulk densities and porosities for all the specimens. In addition, we also applied mercury intrusion porosimetry to measure density and porosity as well as to determine pore size distribution of the rock samples. Porosity values obtained by the porosimetry method were underestimated in the case of high-porosity (soft) rock samples and overestimated for the very low-porosity rock samples. Ability to determine pore size distribution, however, is a very important advantage of the porosimetry method.

Analysis of the Lost Circulation Problem

The well-known“lost circulation”problem refers to the uncontrolled flow of whole mud into a formation.In order to address the problem related to the paucity of available data,in the present study,a model is introduced for the lost-circulation risk sample profile of a drilled well.The model is built taking into account effective data(the Block L).Then,using a three-dimensional geological modeling software,relying on the variation function and sequential Gaussian simulation method,a three-dimensional block lost-circulation risk model is introduced able to provide relevant information for regional analyses.

钻井过程中井漏特征精细识别方法研究与应用

井漏是钻井工程中普遍存在的井下复杂问题,严重影响着钻井施工安全与钻井周期,井漏特征精细识别是高效治理井漏的关键。首先,综合测井、钻井、录井及地质等资料,结合漏层力学性质与物理机理分析,利用加权系数法,建立了基于“井漏综合指数”的井漏层位识别新方法。然后,研究了漏失通道类型及尺寸、漏失压差、漏失速度等井漏特征参数的定量分析方法,并给出计算模型,形成了多信息融合的井漏特征精细识别方法。该方法在X区块进行了实例分析,分析结果表明,X区块实际井资料的处理结果与现场实际漏失地层的层位、漏失类型及漏失速度等井漏特征基本吻合。井漏特征精细识别方法综合考虑了井漏的主要影响因素,利用其可以准确识别漏层的特征,为防漏堵漏技术优化及施工提供科学依据。

Group Method Analysis of MHD Mixed Convective Flow Past on a Moving Curved Surface with Suction

The group-theorytic approach is applied for solving the problem of the unsteady MHD mixed convective flow past on a moving curved surface. The application of two-parameter groups reduces the number of independent variables by two, and consequently the system of governing partial differential equations with boundary conditions reduces to a system of ordinary differential equations with appropriate boundary conditions. The obtained ordinary differential equations are solved numerically using the shooting method. The effects of varying parameters governing the problem are studied. A comparison with previous work is presented.

数据交易违约可得利益的类型化研究

根据交易的给付特征和目的,数据交易合同的基本类型可以分为以提供财产为主要内容的数据许可合同和以提供数据技术服务为主要内容的数据服务合同。不同类型的数据交易合同在可得利益的认定和计算上存在差异。以提供财产为主要内容的数据许可交易主要适用市场价格法和替代交易法,当二者都难以适用时,可以考虑引入合理许可费标准。以提供技术服务为主要内容的数据服务具有鲜明的定制化属性,尚不具备普遍适用市场价格法的条件,更可能的选择是以替代交易法为基础、以获利返还法为补充。数据许可和数据服务违约可得利益的酌定赔偿数额都需要注重对数据产品或服务的性质、违约金条款以及合比例性的考量。

地下结构抗浮稳定性合理计算方法研究

有关抗浮稳定的现行规范主要有国标规范和地标规范两大类。众多规范对抗浮稳定计算规则要求不一致,有的要求采用抗浮设计值计算,有的要求采用抗浮标准值计算,有的要求采用水浮力计算,有的则要求采用水压力计算。通过分析四个常用规范的异同点,结合抗浮稳定力学原理及工程实例提出了合理性建议,并提出了两种抗浮稳定理论:K_(1)理论(水浮力理论)和K_(2)理论(水压力理论)。研究发现,以《广东规程》为代表的地标规范执行的是K_(1)理论,以《浮标》为代表的国标规范执行的是K_(2)理论,地标规范更符合力学原理。

称量法制备气体标准物质影响因素

分析称量法制备气体标准物质的影响因素。称量法制备气体标准物质的影响因素有气瓶形变和瓶体温度升高。气瓶形变的大小会造成空气浮力的变化,另外将高压气体充入气瓶时会使瓶体温度升高,导致瓶体周围空气温度升高,改变空气密度,也会造成空气浮力的变化。称量法制备气体标准物质是在常温常压环境下进行的,环境空气产生的浮力会对天平称量结果产生影响,尤其在制备低含量或小不确定度的气体标准物质时,需要考虑其影响。由于气瓶形变产生空气浮力引起的质量变化基本上可以忽略,主要考虑瓶体温度升高产生的影响。当气瓶升温6℃时,造成的称量值变化约为0.1 g,在正常的配制过程中,每次充装质量一般不低于10 g,由此引入的称量值变化为1%左右。在利用称量法配制气体标准物质时,要充分考虑充装速度的快慢、称量时间的长短,避免由于温度变化引入的称量不确定度。

加临时浮力塞双塞自平衡下管法参数计算方法及工程应用

在煤矿瓦斯抽排井钻孔施工过程中需要下入超重特大套管,而套管总质量一般远超施工钻机提拉最大量程,研发合适的下管工艺对确保套管成功下放至关重要。为此,基于浮力定律推导了加临时浮力塞双塞自平衡下管法下管过程中各参数的理论计算公式,介绍了采用该方法下放超重特大套管的流程,并在顾北煤矿瓦斯抽采系统改扩建钻孔施工中进行工程示范,按照理论计算公式获得的下管过程中的各项设计参数进行施工,实现了超重特大套管的安全下放,研究结果可为超重特大套管浮力法下管的参数设计提供一定参考。

质量法浮子流量计测量结果的不确定度评定

为对浮子流量计示值误差的测量不确定度进行评定,选用静态质量法水流量标准装置作为标准器,通过对浮子流量计工作原理、检定流程和检定模型的研究,对浮子流量计检定过程中涉及到的变量引入的不确定度进行分析和评定。结合实例,得出了浮子流量计示值误差的不确定度评价结果,验证了所述方法的实用性与可行性,便于对检定、校准结果进行科学评判。

页岩含气量测试中有关损失气量估算方法

页岩含气量是页岩勘探开发、选区评价和储层研究必不可少的重要资料,而准确求取损失气量又是决定页岩含气量可靠性的关键。着重论述了页岩含气量测定过程中解吸温度、损失时间以及计算方法等因素对准确求取损失气量的影响,认为温度对页岩测试的影响尤为显著,应快速使岩样稳定到储层温度,解吸过程应严格控制解吸罐温度;对于USBM直线回归,应避免或少用不稳定数据点进行计算,从而求得较准确的页岩含气量。

储层参数下限确定方法——以河南安棚油田为例

河南安棚油田是河南石油勘探局最新勘探开发的油田之一 ,根据最新钻井资料和老井复查资料对储层做出初步评价。根据所得的资料用 Hobson法、产能法和浮力法确定出储层参数下限 ,并参考一定的储层划分标准将储层划分为三个等级 ,为油田的进一步勘探和开发提供重要依据。

库车山前下第三系漏失原因分析及堵漏方法

库车坳陷山前构造地质情况非常复杂,其中下第三系地层在钻井施工时常遇到不同程度的井漏,针对不同的漏失原因选择合适的堵漏方法是解决井漏事故的关键。对下第三系地层漏失井的漏失工况、地层岩性、漏失通道进行统计分析,找到了该地层造成诱导裂缝漏失和渗透性漏失的主要原因是由于地层破碎严重,加之钻井液密度过高常压破地层。针对不同漏失原因总结了该地区所应用的堵漏方法,分析了不同堵漏方法的优缺点,将优选出的堵漏方法成功应用到实际堵漏施工中取得了较好的效果,为该构造带的防漏堵漏提供了参考。

海洋钻井隔水管浮力块配置方法

浮力块是钻井隔水管系统的重要部件,能改善钻井隔水管的性能。但是如何配置浮力块,对隔水管张力器的张力、钻井隔水管在海洋深水条件下的应用等都有很大影响。目前国内外对于钻井隔水管浮力块配置方法的研究较少,因此,进一步研究其配置方法很有必要。首先,介绍了目前国内外海洋钻井隔水管浮力块配置的基本经验;然后,以我国南海某海域500m水深为例,采用ABAQUS有限元软件,讨论了海洋钻井隔水管浮力块的配置方法,拟定了5种浮力块配置方案,并对其进行了详细的计算分析。结果表明:拟定的方案2和方案3为较优方案;与波浪力相比,海流力对隔水管动力学响应特性的影响更大;浮力块安装位置不同,对隔水管横向变形、等效应力、弯矩和底部柔性接头转角等力学响应的影响很大。建议:在适当位置配置厚壁隔水管以降低其局部等效应力;浮力块的安装位置应避开海流流速最大位置;研制钻井隔水管分析系统软件,实现多个有限元软件的联合调用,以提高分析效率和准确性。

一种改进的页岩气损失气含量估算方法

页岩气损失气含量的准确估算对于页岩气总气量的确定、页岩气资源潜力评价和有利区预测有着重要的意义。在厘定页岩气现场解析过程中岩心压力史和温度史的基础上,利用损失气逸散地质模型修正了损失时间的计算方法,利用ANSYS软件瞬态热分析模块确定了损失气量恢复时的初始时刻,进而提出了改进的USBM法,通过实例分析验证了该方法的可靠性。研究认为:对固定的解析样品,损失气量与损失时间呈正相关关系,损失时间受地层水密度、钻井泥浆的密度和地层压力系数的综合影响;对固定的解析样品进行损失气量恢复时,损失气量与初始时刻也呈正相关关系,利用ANSYS软件确定的初始时刻可以有效地减少最初不稳定数据点舍去的人为性;改进的USBM法具有较强的可行性,损失时间偏小和初始时刻偏低是造成对鄂尔多斯盆地东南部长7段页岩样品利用USBM法估算的损失气量偏小的主要原因。

裂缝性致密储层工作液损害机理及防治方法

裂缝性致密储层裂缝发育,易发生工作液漏失,严重损害储层。为探究不同工作液漏失损害机理,形成高效防治方法,以川西北九龙山构造须家河组、珍珠冲组裂缝性致密储层为研究对象,开展了钻井完井液储层损害实验及工作液顺序接触损害实验。结果表明:钻井完井液滤液、体系和固相对基块岩样的损害程度介于中偏强一强,且逐个减弱;裂缝岩样渗透率动态损害程度为强;工作液顺序接触后损害程度加剧。分析认为,水相圈闭、固相堵塞是裂缝性致密储层工作液漏失损害储层的主要机理。不同工作液漏失引起储层损害程度叠加、损害范围扩大。根据分析结果,构建了工作液漏失损害模式,并提出相应损害防治方法。使用改性屏蔽暂堵钻井完井液提高封堵能力,改变岩石表面润湿性,可有效预防工作液漏失损害;利用工作液漏失数据,确定漏失损害带范围,可为酸化作业提供指导。

土壤崩解速率的一种修正方法

为了获得更为准确的土壤崩解速率测定及计算方法,以便客观评价土壤侵蚀程度,借助子洲县坡耕地原状土壤样品,通过土块在水中受力分析,对比了拉力计方法和修正拉力计方法计算的土壤崩解速率结果。结果表明,拉力计方法测定土壤崩解速率中土壤自身含水量对崩解过程有重要的影响。修正拉力计算法所得的土壤崩解速率与已有报道更为吻合,其变异性较未修正前有所减小。因此,建议在土壤崩解速率测定和计算应按以下步骤:(1)利用方形环刀在野外取原状土样并用塑料薄膜密封;(2)将土样带回实验室称重,垫上滤纸,用浅层水盘自下而上浸润土壤,直至土壤饱和;(3)将饱和的土样放置在一铁架台上去除重力水后再次称重;(4)轻轻移开方形环刀,将土样放置在拉力计的吊盘网板上测定;(5)计算需乘以校正系数k。