Dynamic performance of angle-steel concrete columns under low cyclic loading-II:parametric study

Tests of nine angle-steel concrete column （ASCC） specimens under low cyclic loading are described in a companion paper （Zheng and Ji, 2008）. In this paper, the skeleton curves from the numerical simulation are presented, and show good agreement with the test results. Furthermore, parametric studies are conducted to explore the influence of factors such as the axial compression ratio, shear steel plate ratio, steel ratio, prismatic concrete compression strength, yield strength of angle steel and shear span ratio, etc., on the monotonic load-displacement curves of the ASCCs. Based on a statistical analysis of the calculated results, hysteretic models for load-displacement and moment-curvature are proposed, which agree well with the test results. Finally, some suggestions concerning the conformation of ASCCs are proposed, which could be useful in engineering practice.

Post-fire cyclic behavior of reinforced concrete shear walls

The effects of fire exposure,reinforcement ratio and the presence of axial load under fire on the seismic behavior of reinforced concrete(RC) shear walls were investigated.Five RC shear walls were tested under low cyclic loading.Prior to the cyclic test,three specimens were exposed to fire and two of them were also subjected to a constant axial load.Test results indicate that the ultimate load of the specimen with lower reinforcement ratio is reduced by 15.8%after exposure to elevated temperatures.While the reductions in the energy dissipation and initial stiffness are 59.2%and 51.8%,respectively,which are much higher than those in the ultimate load.However,this deterioration can be slowed down by properly increasing reinforcement due to the strength and stiffness recovery of steel bars after cooling.In addition,the combined action of elevated temperatures and axial load results in more energy dissipation than the action of fire exposure alone.

Seismic Behavior of Specially Shaped Column Joints with X-Shaped Reinforcement

To investigate the seismic behavior of specially shaped column joints with X-shaped reinforcement,two groups of specimens with or without X-shaped reinforcement in joint core region were tested under constant axial compression load and low reversed cyclic loading,which imitated low to moderate earthquake force.The seismic behavior of specially shaped column joints with X-shaped reinforcement in terms of bearing capacity,displacement,ductility,hysteretic curve,stiffness degradation and energy dissipation was studied and compared to that without Xshaped reinforcement in joint core region.With the damage estimation model,the accumulated damage was analyzed.The shearing capacity formula of specially shaped column joints reinforced by X-shaped reinforcement was proposed with a simple form.The test results show that X-shaped reinforcement is an effective measure for improving the seismic behavior of specially shaped column joints including deformation behavior,ductility and hysteretic characteristic.All specimens were damaged with gradual stiffness degeneration.In addition,X-shaped reinforcement in the joint core region is an effective way to lighten the degree of cumulated damage.The good seismic performance obtained from the specially shaped column joint with X-shaped reinforcement can be used in engineering applications.The test value is higher than the calculated value,which indicates that the formula is safe for the design of specially shaped column joints.

Seismic performance of steel reinforced ultra high-strength concrete composite frame joints

To investigate the seismic performance of a composite frame comprised of steel reinforced ultra high-strength concrete （SRUHSC） columns and steel reinforced concrete （SRC） beams, six interior frame joint specimens were designed and tested under low cyclically lateral load. The effects of the axial load ratio and volumetric stirrup ratio were studied on the characteristics of the frame joint performance including crack pattern, failure mode, ductility, energy dissipation capacity, strength degradation and rigidity degradation. It was found that all joint specimens behaved in a ductile manner with flexural-shear failure in the joint core region while plastic hinges appeared at the beam ends. The ductility and energy absorption capacity of joints increased as the axial load ratio decreased and the volumetric stirIup ratio increased. The displacement ductility coefficient and equivalent damping coefficient of the joints fell between the corresponding coefficients of the steel reinforced concrete （SRC） frame joint and RC frame joint. The axial load ratio and volumetric stirrup ratio have less influence on the strength degradation and more influence on the stiffness degradation. The stiffness of the joint degrades more significantly for a low volumetric stirrup ratio and high axial load ratio. The characteristics obtained from the SRUHSC composite frame joint specimens with better seismic performance may be a useful reference in future engineering applications.

An Experimental Study on the Response of Model Footings Resting on Reinforced Flyash Beds under Repeated Load

In the present, investigation an attempt has been made to study the behavior of reinforced flyash beds under repeated loads by conducting carefully designed experiments. The main objective of the experiments conducted is to evaluate the beneficial effects of using flyash as a backfill material in the reinforced beds to resist the repeated loads. As no unique standard equipment is available for the application of repeated loads and to measure the response, different researchers have designed and fabricated different types of equipments for the testing. The repeated load of known intensity with waveform type and frequency is applied on the surface and embedded footing in unreinforced and reinforced flyash beds. The response of the flyash beds, in the form of settlement is measured using linear variable differential transducers. The experimental results clearly demonstrated that the provision of reinforcement in the flyash beds is effective in improving the performance of both surface and embedded footing under repeated loads.

纤维织物增强高延性混凝土加固RC短柱抗剪性能试验研究

为研究纤维织物增强高延性混凝土(TR-HDC)加固钢筋混凝土短柱的抗剪性能,设计了6根钢筋混凝土柱,包括2个对比柱和4个TR-HDC加固柱.通过低周反复荷载试验,对比分析剪跨比、纤维织物层数对试件破坏形态、变形、承载力和耗能能力的影响.结果表明:采用TR-HDC加固钢筋混凝土短柱,可显著提高其抗剪承载力;TR-HDC与原混凝土柱协同工作性能良好,加固后的混凝土柱的变形、承载力和耗能能力明显提高;增加纤维织物的层数对钢筋混凝土短柱的抗剪承载力提高幅度较小,但可大幅增强柱的耗能和变形能力;剪跨比较大时,更有利于发挥TR-HDC加固材料的力学性能.基于桁架-拱模型,提出TR-HDC加固钢筋混凝土短柱的抗剪承载力计算方法,计算结果较准确.

橡胶砾石级配对筋土界面循环剪切特性的影响

橡胶砾石作为基础填料,具有低剪切刚度、高阻尼比的特性。为了研究土工格栅-橡胶砾石的循环剪切特性,利用室内动态直剪仪进行了一系列直剪试验,分析了4种橡胶砾石颗粒级配(级配不良GR1、GR4,级配良好GR2、GR3)、3种橡胶配比(10%、30%、60%)、3种竖向应力(30、60、90 kPa)下土工格栅-橡胶砾石界面的剪应力-剪切位移关系和体变特性。试验结果表明:在循环剪切过程中,各橡胶砾石级配均表现出剪切硬化的特点,但其抗剪强度与纯砾石相比均出现不同程度的降低;橡胶砾石抗剪强度随着竖向应力的增加而增大,4种级配土中GR2表现出最高的抗剪强度,但相较于纯砾石其抗剪强度约下降9%;界面最大竖向位移与竖向应力和橡胶含量成正相关,2种连续级配土GR2和GR3的界面竖向位移较小;在同一颗粒级配下,剪切频率和剪切位移幅值越大,混合土界面峰值剪应力越大;筋土界面剪切刚度随着循环次数的增加而增大,随着橡胶含量的增大而减小,而阻尼比与剪切刚度呈相反的规律。

成型钢筋混凝土柱抗震性能非线性有限元分析

成型钢筋是采用机械加工成型的钢筋制品,能有效提高钢筋加工质量与效率,降低加工成本,减少废料损耗,具有广阔的应用前景。目前,有关成型钢筋混凝土构件的研究主要集中在楼板和剪力墙方面,对柱的研究则相对较少。基于有限元软件ABAQUS,建立了成型钢筋混凝土柱的滞回分析模型。基于完成的3根成型钢筋混凝土柱抗震试验研究结果,验证了该模型合理性。在此基础上,开展了有限元参数分析,主要参数包括成型方式(穿箍、绕箍)、轴压比(0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8)、混凝土强度等级(C30,C40,C50,C60)、纵筋配筋率(0.78%,1.1%,1.5%,3.0%)、配箍率(0.45%,0.7%,1.0%)及箍筋构造(体积配箍率相同,双肢或三肢)等。分析结果表明:穿箍成型、绕箍成型和绑扎对比试件的承载力相近,相差≤5%;当轴压比从0.2增加到0.8时,试件的承载力提高22%,而延性系数下降42%;当纵筋配筋率从0.78%增加到1.5%时,试件的承载力提高31%,延性系数提高11%,而当配筋率从1.5%增加到3.1%时,试件的承载力提高39%,延性系数则降低52%;当纵筋配筋率从0.78%增加到1.5%时,双肢箍试件比三肢箍试件的延性系数高约20%,而当配筋率从1.5%增加到3.1%时,双肢箍试件的延性系数较三肢箍试件低约25%,这主要是由于在高配筋率情况下三肢箍对截面约束效果更好所致。

矿渣基地聚物混凝土柱抗震性能研究

为了研究不同强度等级的矿渣基地聚物混凝土柱的抗震性能,设计了3个普通混凝土悬臂柱试件和3个矿渣基地聚物混凝土悬臂柱试件,通过低周反复荷载试验,对地聚物混凝土柱的破坏模式、裂缝发展、滞回性能、位移延性、耗能性能、刚度与强度退化和承载力等进行了评估,分析了混凝土种类、混凝土强度对试件抗震性能的影响。结果表明,在低周反复荷载作用下,与普通混凝土试件相比,矿渣基地聚物混凝土柱的抗震性能并未明显改善;提高地聚物混凝土强度会改变地聚物混凝土柱的破坏模式,从而对部分抗震性能(延性、耗能能力)产生不利的影响;验证表明《混凝土结构设计规范》(GB 50010—2010)中受弯承载力计算公式对于地聚物混凝土构件的计算结果偏小,拓展到工程应用中偏安全。

高轴压比下小剪跨比剪力墙的抗震性能试验研究

通过5片不同轴压比下小剪跨比剪力墙构件的低周反复荷载试验,研究了高轴压比对小剪跨比剪力墙的破坏模式、受剪承载力、延性、刚度特征及耗能能力的影响,并对加载全过程中剪力墙腹板双向钢筋的受力情况及传力机制进行分析。研究结果表明:所有构件均发生了剪切破坏,并在高轴压力作用下发生了平面外的错动;高轴压比阻碍了裂缝的产生及发展,提高了构件的受剪承载力,但在构件达到峰值荷载后,强度和刚度退化剧烈,极限位移小,提高边缘约束构件配箍率可以有限地提高构件的变形能力、延性及耗能能力,但对破坏模式、传力机制的影响不大。轴压比对构件的传力机制有着显著的影响,当轴压比较小时,桁架作用明显,水平钢筋与竖向钢筋对受剪承载力的贡献相当,均能充分发挥作用;当轴压比较高时,拱作用明显,水平钢筋未能充分发挥作用,对受剪承载力的贡献有限,竖向钢筋主要对拱作用有贡献。

可恢复功能全螺栓梁柱节点抗震性能试验

为了实现结构震后快速恢复功能,基于可更换和附加耗能的思想,本文提出一种可恢复功能全螺栓梁柱节点。通过设置T型耗能板解决全螺栓节点加载至大位移工况下节点耗能能力不足的缺点。研究T型耗能板耗能段长度和长细比对可恢复功能全螺栓节点抗震性能的影响,完成了3个可恢复功能全螺栓节点和1个传统全焊接节点的低周往复加载试验。试验结果表明:可恢复功能全螺栓节点的抗震性能优于传统的焊接节点;可恢复功能全螺栓节点能够集中塑性和损伤,将塑性区转移至T型耗能板上,避免梁端焊接区断裂。本文给出了耗能段长度的下限取值方法,当耗能段有足够的变形长度,且耗能段截面形状、尺寸保持不变时,长细比保守取为13.2,能够使节点具有良好的承载力和延性,并充分发挥节点的抗震性能。

基于静力试验的柱端铰型受控摇摆钢筋混凝土框架地震响应数值分析

柱端铰型受控摇摆钢筋混凝土框架(CR-RCFC)是一种新型的可恢复功能结构,通过摇摆节点的构造来“弱化”结构整体抗侧刚度,从而达到减小地震响应的目的。CR-RCFC结构在振动台试验中呈现了在中震和大震作用下“主体构件免损伤,耗能构件易更换”的韧性抗震效果。振动台试验后进行低周反复静载试验得到拆除阻尼器后的CR-RCFC结构柱铰节点弯矩-转角滞回曲线和转动刚度等抗震性能参数。利用静力试验得到的结构抗震性能参数进行结构地震响应数值模拟,将数值模拟结果与振动台试验结果进行对比分析。对比分析结果表明:通过静力试验数据可以精确得到CR-RCFC结构节点抗震性能参数,根据该抗震性能参数进行的数值模拟结果与振动台试验结果吻合较好。

往复荷载作用下叠合板受力性能有限元研究

为研究往复荷载作用下叠合板的受力性能,建立了不同叠合面粗糙度试件下的简支叠合板非线性有限元模型,通过考察对比板的滞回曲线、骨架曲线、刚度退化、耗能系数、延性系数等特性,研究叠合面粗糙度、预制层与后浇层厚度比、桁架钢筋配筋率、抗剪钢筋形式等参数对叠合板受力性能的影响。结果表明:配有桁架钢筋叠合板的滞回曲线较现浇板滞回曲线出现了一定的“捏缩”现象,叠合面拉毛处理后增大了叠合板的刚度与耗能性能,叠合板位移延性低于现浇板。不同预制/后浇板厚度比对试件承载性能和耗能能力产生显著影响。桁架钢筋配筋率越大,叠合板的承载能力和耗能性能越强,延性反而越差。配有传统抗剪钢筋的叠合板有较好的承载能力和刚度,配有新型抗剪钢筋的叠合板有较好的耗能能力和延性。

交通荷载作用下低路堤动力特性试验研究

结合连盐高速低路堤,对路堤进行了动应力、振动响应等现场测试,分析了路基中附加动应力及振动位移的变化规律.并且通过应力控制的室内动三轴试验,采用一定的动应力频率、不同的循环应力比来模拟交通荷载,研究了在循环荷载作用下,连盐高速公路饱和软粘土的轴向累计应变、孔隙水压力和轴向周期应变软化的变化规律.实验结果表明:路堤中动应力和振动位移随行车速度和车重的增加而增加,随深度的增加而降低,有效影响深度达2.5m;原状土的临界循环应力比远大于重塑土,承受循环应力能力高于重塑土.因此,要加强浅层路基强度,同时要减少对底部下卧层软粘土的扰动.其结果可为在软土地基上设计和施工低路堤高速公路提供有益的参考.

装配式剪力墙U型套箍连接节点抗震性能

为解决现有装配式剪力墙结构钢筋连接施工繁琐、通用性不佳等不足,提出一种新型连接方法—U型套箍连接.对采用这种连接方法的剪力墙试件进行低周反复荷载试验验证连接方法的有效性,其中1个现浇试件水平缝装配试件和1个竖直缝装配试件.试验得到试件破坏及裂缝发展规律、滞回曲线、骨架曲线、墙体钢筋的应变、试件的位移沿高度的分布、试件极限承载力及耗能能力,基于有限元软件Abaqus对试验结果进行验证分析.研究结果表明采用U型套箍连接的装配式剪力墙能获得与现浇剪力墙相当的承载能力及抗震性能.

钢筋混凝土核心筒体抗震性能试验研究

本文对两组五个钢筋混凝土核心筒试件进行了低周反复荷载试验 ,研究了不同轴压比和剪跨比的核心筒破坏机理、承载能力、延性和耗能能力等方面的抗震性能。结果表明 。

大直径高强钢筋套筒灌浆连接预制柱抗震性能试验研究

设计了6个截面尺寸为600mm×600mm的钢筋套筒灌浆连接预制混凝土柱,对其进行了低周反复加载试验,其中配置的纵筋和箍筋均为500MPa级高强钢筋,受力纵筋直径为25mm和36mm。研究了预制柱的破坏形态、滞回曲线、骨架曲线、位移延性、耗能能力以及极限承载力,并分析了轴压比、纵筋直径和配箍形式对其抗震性能的影响。研究结果表明:达到峰值荷载时,500MPa级纵筋均能受拉屈服;试件极限承载力的计算值与试验值之比平均为0.78,具有一定安全度;轴压比为0.50的试件的滞回曲线饱满,而轴压比为0.25的试件,其根部灌浆接缝结合面发生破坏并出现了受力纵筋从套筒中拔出的现象,导致其滞回曲线出现捏拢,耗能能力相对较低;各试件的位移延性系数为3.80~5.31,极限位移角为1/47~1/33,均具有较高的延性水平;通过附加架立筋并配置复合箍的方式可保证大直径钢筋预制柱的抗震性能,并建议优选本文的配箍形式二。

基于OpenSees的CFRP加固RC短柱抗震性能数值模拟

采用地震工程开源模拟软件OpenSees对CFRP加固RC短柱进行了静力Pushover分析和低周往复加载分析,并与通用有限元软件ANSYS模拟结果进行对比研究。研究结果表明:利用CFRP进行加固,不仅阻止了RC短柱的脆性剪切破坏,而且使破坏模式转化为延性弯曲破坏,增强了结构延性,进而有效地提高其抗震性能;同ANSYS相比,OpenSees可以宏观的反映CFRP与混凝土共同作用的非线性力学特征,有效地对构件和结构进行加固后的承载力及抗震性能分析。

混凝土灌芯纤维增强石膏板T形节点构件抗震性能试验研究

本试验对4组混凝土灌芯纤维增强石膏板T形纵横墙节点构件进行了低周反复试验研究,分析了混凝土灌芯纤维增强石膏板T形节点构件在水平低周反复荷载和常竖向荷载共同作用下的抗震性能(包括承载能力、变形能力、刚度退化、滞回环和耗能能力)以及结构的破坏特征,并对不同配筋形式的构件作了相应对比分析,得出了混凝土灌芯纤维增强石膏板T形节点构件配置水平拉接筋形式可以取代配置箍筋形式和抗剪性能优于普通砌体纵横墙节点构件的结论,为混凝土灌芯纤维增强石膏板结构的纵横墙节点抗震设计提供一定的试验依据和理论指导。

配钢率对型钢混凝土异形柱抗震性能的影响分析

设计了16个型钢混凝土异形柱试件,包括L形柱、沿腹板加载的T形柱、沿翼缘加载的T形柱和十形柱各4个,采用试验研究和有限元模拟相结合的方法分析配钢率对试件抗震性能的影响,得到了试件的破坏形态及滞回曲线、骨架曲线、承载力、延性、刚度、耗能能力等性能指标。结果表明:剪跨比为2.5的试件在低周反复荷载作用下发生弯曲破坏,配钢率对试件破坏形态的影响较小,但配钢率增大能够抑制混凝土裂缝的开展,延缓试件的破坏;试件的滞回曲线饱满、对称,延性好,耗能能力强,刚度退化先快后慢;随着配钢率增大,试件的滞回环面积越来越大,承载力显著提高,延性明显改善,刚度退化变缓,但耗能能力变化较小。