Improving the nutritional values of yellow mealworm Tenebrio molitor(Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) larvae as an animal feed ingredient: a review

Yellow mealworm larvae(YML;Tenebrio molitor) are considered as a valuable insect species for animal feed due to their high nutritional values and ability to grow under different substrates and rearing conditions. Advances in the understanding of entomophagy and animal nutrition over the past decades have propelled research areas toward testing multiple aspects of YML to exploit them better as animal feed sources. This review aims to summarize various approaches that could be exploited to maximize the nutritional values of YML as an animal feed ingredient. In addition, YML has the potential to be used as an antimicrobial or bioactive agent to improve animal health and immune function in production animals. The dynamics of the nutritional profile of YML can be influenced by multiple factors and should be taken into account when attempting to optimize the nutrient contents of YML as an animal feed ingredient. Specifically, the use of novel land-based and aquatic feeding resources, probiotics, and the exploitation of larval gut microbiomes as novel strategies can assist to maximize the nutritional potential of YML. Selection of relevant feed supplies, optimization of ambient conditions, the introduction of novel genetic selection procedures, and implementation of effective post-harvest processing may be required in the future to commercialize mealworm production. Furthermore, the use of appropriate agricultural practices and technological improvements within the mealworm production sector should be aimed at achieving both economic and environmental sustainability. The issues highlighted in this review could pave the way for future approaches to improve the nutritional value of YML.

Comprehensive Evaluation of Flower Border Application Value of New and Superior Plants in Hefei Area

An analytic hierarchy process(AHP)was employed to assess the applicability of 18 new and superior varieties of flowers in Hefei City flower border applications.A total of 12 indicators were selected from three distinct aspects of adaptability,ornamental characteristics and use traits,in order to establish a comprehensive evaluation model.The results demonstrate that grade I(J≥2.685)exhibits excellent application value,encompassing six species of plants,such asHydrangeamacrophylla‘Endless Summer’;grade II(2.684≤J≤2.420)is also of notable application value,encompassing five species of plants,such asCallistemonrigidus;grade III(2.419≤J≤2.615)is of average application value,including five species of plants,such asCrocosmiacrocosmiflora;grade IV(J≤2.16)is of relatively poor application value.The evaluation results may be utilized as a theoretical reference for the promotion of new and superior varieties in the flower border of Hefei.

Prediction of Low Heating Value of Sugar Cane Bagasse as a Fuel for Industrial Boilers in the High Relative Humidity Region: Case of Cameroon

Many attempts have been made to estimate calorific value of bagasse using mathematical equations, which were created based on data from proximate, ultimate, physical and chemical analysis. Questions have been raised on the applicability of these equations in different parts of the globe. This study was initiated to tackle these problems and also check the most suited mathematical models for the Law Heating Value of Cameroonian bagasse. Data and bagasse samples were collected at the Cameroonian sugarcane factory. The effects of cane variety, age of harvesting, source, moisture content, and sucrose on the LHV of Cameroon bagasse have been tested. It was shown that humidity does not change within a variety, but changes from the dry season to the rainy season;the sugar in the rainy season is significantly different from that collected in the dry season. Samples of the same variety have identical LHV. LHV in the dry season is significantly different from LHV in the rainy season. According to the fact that this study was done for cane with different ages of harvesting, the maturity of Cameroonian sugarcane does not affect LHV of bagasse. Tree selected models are much superior tool for the prediction of the LHV for bagasse in Cameroon compared to others. The standard deviation of these validated models is around 200 kJ/kg compared to the experimental. Thus, the models determined in foreign countries, are not necessarily applicable in predicting the LHV of bagasse in other countries with the same accuracy as that in their native country. There was linear relationship between humidity, ash and sugar content in the bagasse. It is possible to build models based on data from physical composition of bagasse using regression analysis.

AHP-based Landscape Value Evaluation of Perennial Flower Border Application in Hefei City

An analytic hierarchy process(AHP)was employed to establish a landscape value evaluation model for 20 common species of perennial flowers in the flower border of Hefei City.With the overarching objective of determining the application value of the flower border,10 evaluation factors were identified and subsequently classified into 3 distinct grades.Grade I(L>2.5)was defined as perennial flower resources with the highest development and utilization value,including only one species of Salvia farinacea.Grade II(2.0≤L≤2.5)was defined as perennial flower varieties suitable for most areas,encompassing 9 species of plants,such asTaraxacummongolicum.Grade III(L<2.0)was defined as perennial flower varieties with low application value,encompassing 10 species of plants,such asRuellia brittoniana,but lacking the value of further popularization and application.Consequently,the proportion of their application in the flower border should be reduced.The evaluation results can serve as a theoretical foundation for the implementation of perennial flowers in urban flower borders.

Comprehensive Evaluation of Application Value of Wild Flower Resources in Flower Border in Hefei City

In order to further understand and better develop and utilize wild flower resources in Hefei City,a comprehensive evaluation model of landscape value of wild flowers in the application of flower border was constructed by field investigation and analytic hierarchy process(AHP).The application value of wild flowers in Hefei was evaluated by selecting evaluation indicators from three aspects of ornamental value,adaptability and resource potential.

Clinical Value of Predictive Nursing Intervention on Deep Venous Thrombosis of Lower Extremities after Cesarean Section

[Objectives]To explore the clinical nursing value of predictive nursing intervention in patients with deep venous thrombosis of lower extremities after cesarean section.[Methods]From December 2022 to April 2023,105 pregnant and lying-in women who were hospitalized in the Gynecology Department of Pingquan Hospital and underwent cesarean section and met the inclusion criteria were included as the study objects.According to the medical records,they were divided into observation group(n=52 cases)and control group(n=53 cases).The clinical experimental subjects were divided into two groups.One group was the control group with routine nursing,and the other group was the observation group with predictive nursing intervention.The number of cases of deep venous thrombosis of lower extremities in the two groups was recorded to evaluate the clinical value.[Results]The incidence of deep venous thrombosis of lower extremities in the two groups after cesarean section was compared,and it was suggested that the incidence of the observation group was lower than that of the control group(P<0.05).[Conclusions]Special predictive nursing intervention can greatly reduce the incidence of deep venous thrombosis of lower extremities after cesarean section,improve nursing satisfaction,and improve clinical efficacy,which is worthy of recommendation.

基于Valued ERGMs模型的核心技术网络成长机制研究——以量子计算领域为例

对核心技术网络及其成长机制的研究有助于梳理核心技术之间的依赖和促进关系,为研究核心技术演化提供新的理论视角和方法。以技术演化相关理论为基础,归纳核心技术网络成长的影响因素,基于量子计算领域专利数据,识别以技术概念和技术关系为基础的量子计算领域核心技术网络,并基于Valued ERGMs模型构建核心技术网络成长机制模型。结果表明,技术要素中心性、专利技术研发能力、与TRIZ进化法则匹配程度以及技术要素同配性对核心技术网络成长具有正向促进作用;在技术路径方面,核心技术网络成长受到技术要素路径依赖性和技术突破的双重影响。最后,根据量子计算领域核心技术网络成长机制的实证研究结果,从技术研发层面、企业层面、政府层面为相关领域技术发展提出策略建议。

Enhancing the Quality of Low-Light Printed Circuit Board Images through Hue, Saturation, and Value Channel Processing and Improved Multi-Scale Retinex

To address the issue of deteriorated PCB image quality in the quality inspection process due to insufficient or uneven lighting, we proposed an image enhancement fusion algorithm based on different color spaces. Firstly, an improved MSRCR method was employed for brightness enhancement of the original image. Next, the color space of the original image was transformed from RGB to HSV, followed by processing the S-channel image using bilateral filtering and contrast stretching algorithms. The V-channel image was subjected to brightness enhancement using adaptive Gamma and CLAHE algorithms. Subsequently, the processed image was transformed back to the RGB color space from HSV. Finally, the images processed by the two algorithms were fused to create a new RGB image, and color restoration was performed on the fused image. Comparative experiments with other methods indicated that the contrast of the image was optimized, texture features were more abundantly preserved, brightness levels were significantly improved, and color distortion was prevented effectively, thus enhancing the quality of low-lit PCB images.

弹性退休制度下谁更愿意延迟退休?——基于Option Value模型的微观模拟

人口老龄化背景下延迟退休年龄、建立弹性退休制度是大势所趋。养老金激励是弹性退休制度的重要内容。建立期权价值模型和养老金给付及奖惩因子模型,基于中国家庭收入调查项目(CHIP2018)的数据,对不同特征人群的养老金峰值、期权价值、内部报酬率进行模拟。研究发现:养老金总财富随退休年龄“先增后减”,男性的峰值年龄早于女性;引入养老金“奖惩”机制有助于提高最优退休年龄,激励劳动者延迟退休;考虑闲暇偏好的异质性,男性参保者更倾向于早退休,而女性参保者特别是女性较高收入群体更愿意延迟退休;厌恶风险的参保者更有可能选择早退休。建议尽早建立弹性退休年龄政策体系,增加劳动者的选择权和制度灵活性;引入精算调节因子构建养老金奖惩机制,完善养老保险待遇计发办法。

Evaluation of the value of combined detection of tumor markers CA724,carcinoembryonic antigen,CA242,and CA19-9 in gastric cancer

BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is a global health concern that poses a significant threat to human well-being.AIM To detecting serum changes in carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA),carbohydrate antigens(CA)724,CA242,and CA19-9 expression among patients with gastric cancer.METHODS Eighty patients diagnosed with gastric cancer between January 2020 and January 2023 were included in the observation group,while 80 patients with benign gastric diseases were included in the control group.Both groups were tested for tumor markers(CA724,CEA,CA242,and CA19-9].Tumor marker indicators(CA724,CEA,CA242,and CA19-9)were compared between the two groups,assessing positive rates of tumor markers across various stages in the observation group.Additionally,single and combined detection of various tumor markers were examined.RESULTS The sensitivity,specificity,accuracy,positive predictive value,and negative predictive value observed for the combined detection of CA724,CEA,CA242,and CA19-9 were higher than those of CA724,CEA,CA242,and CA19-9 individually.Therefore,the combined detection of CA724,CEA,CA242,and CA19-9 has a high diagnostic accuracy and could reduce the occurrence of missed or misdiagnosed cases,facilitating the early diagnosis and treatment of patients.CONCLUSION CA724,CEA,CA242,and CA19-9 serum levels in gastric cancer patients significantly surpassed those in non-gastric cancer patients(P<0.05).Their combined detection can improve the diagnostic accuracy for gastric cancer,warranting clinical promotion.

The Economics of Competing Water Uses under a FERC Licensing Agreement: Estimation of Property Value, Recreation, and Hydroelectric Impacts

Reservoirs provide a variety of services with economic values across multiple sectors. As demands for reservoir services continue to grow and precipitation patterns evolve, it becomes ever more important to consider the integrated suite of values and tradeoffs that attend changes in water uses and availability. Section 316 (b) of the Clean Water Act requires that owners of certain water cooled power plants evaluate technologies and operational measures that can reduce their impacts to aquatic organisms. The studies must discuss the social costs and benefits of alternative technologies including cooling towers (79 Fed. Reg. 158, 48300 - 48439). Cooling towers achieve their effect through evaporation. This manuscript estimates the property value, recreation, and hydroelectric generation impacts that could result from the evaporative water loss associated with installing cooling towers at the McGuire Nuclear Generating Station (McGuire) located on Lake Norman, North Carolina. Although this study specifically evaluates the effects of evaporative water loss from cooling towers, its methods are applicable to estimating the economic benefits and costs of a new water user or reduced water input in any complex reservoir system that supports steam electric generation, hydroelectric generation, residential properties, recreation, irrigation, and municipal water use.

Yield and Nutritive Values of Semi- and Non-Fall Dormant Alfalfa Cultivars under Late-Cutting Schedule in California’s Central Valley

California is one of the major alfalfa (Medicago sativa L) forage-producing states in the U.S, but its production area has decreased significantly in the last couple of decades. Selection of cultivars with high yield and nutritive value under late-cutting schedule strategy may help identify cultivars that growers can use to maximize yield while maintaining area for sustainable alfalfa production, but there is little information on this strategy. A field study was conducted to determine cumulative dry matter (DM) and nutritive values of 20 semi- and non-fall dormant (FD) ratings (FD 7 and FD 8 - 10, respectively) cultivars under 35-day cut in California’s Central Valley in 2020-2022. Seasonal cumulative DM yields ranged from 6.8 in 2020 to 37.0 Mg·ha−1 in 2021. Four FD 8 - 9 cultivars were the highest yielding with 3-yrs avg. DM greater than the lowest yielding lines by 46%. FD 7 cultivar “715RR” produced the highest crude protein (CP: 240 g·Kg−1) while FD 8 cultivar “HVX840RR” resulted in the highest neutral detergent fiber digestibility (NDFD: 484 g·Kg−1, 7% greater than the top yielding cultivars) but with DM yield intermediate. Yields and NDFD correlated positively but weakly indicating some semi- and non-FD cultivars performing similarly. These results suggest that selecting high yielding cultivars under 35-day cutting schedule strategy can be used as a tool to help growers to maximize yield while achieving good quality forages for sustainable alfalfa production in California’s Central Valley.

Effect of Biostimulants Based on Natural Products on the Growth and Nutritional Value of Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) are widely grown in Cameroon and play a key role in the fight against food insecurity, malnutrition and poverty. However, its cultivation encounters problems due to abiotic and biotic stresses, which leads to the use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, which cause significant damage to the environment and human health due to the presence of synthetics residues in the seeds, pods and in the leaves that are eaten. Promoting the use of natural products is becoming a necessity for organic and eco-responsible agriculture that limits contamination problems and improves people’s purchasing power. This study aims to assess the effect of biostimulants based on natural products on the growth and nutritional value of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Bean seedlings from white variety (MEX-142) and red variety (DOR-701) were treated every seven days in the field from their pre-emergence, emergence and growth to their maturation under a randomized block experimental design. Six treatments and three repetitions with the biostimulants based on natural products and controls were thus performed and the agromorphological parameters were measured. After 120 days, the contents of growth biomarkers and defense-related enzymes were evaluated in leaves, while the contents of macromolecules, minerals and antinutrients were evaluated in seeds. These biostimulants significantly increased (P P < 0.0001) of antinutrients including oxalates, phytates, tannins and saponins in seeds compared to controls (T+ and T−). Treatment with biostimulants, in particular BS4, improves the performance of bean plants in the field as well as the biofortification of seeds regardless of the variety.

Decision Making Based on Valued Fuzzy Superhypergraphs

This paper explores the defects in fuzzy (hyper) graphs (as complex (hyper) networks) and extends the fuzzy(hyper) graphs to fuzzy (quasi) superhypergraphs as a new concept.We have modeled the fuzzy superhypergraphsas complex superhypernetworks in order to make a relation between labeled objects in the form of details andgeneralities. Indeed, the structure of fuzzy (quasi) superhypergraphs collects groups of labeled objects and analyzesthem in the form of the part to part of objects, the part of objects to the whole group of objects, and the whole tothe whole group of objects at the same time.We have investigated the properties of fuzzy (quasi) superhypergraphsbased on any positive real number as valued fuzzy (quasi) superhypergraphs, considering the complement of valuedfuzzy (quasi) superhypergraphs, the notation of isomorphism of valued fuzzy (quasi) superhypergraphs based onthe permutations, and we have presented the isomorphic conditions of (self complemented) valued fuzzy (quasi)superhypergraphs. The concept of impact membership value of fuzzy (quasi) superhypergraphs is introducedin this study and it is applied in designing the real problem in the real world. Finally, the problem of businesssuperhypernetworks is presented as an application of fuzzy valued quasi superhypergraphs in the real world.

Analysis of System Value Evolution Trends of Energy Storage in Decarbonization Process

With the continuous expansion of the scale of renewable energy installation,the demand for energy storage has increased significantly.However,there are significant differences in the value of energy storage in different scenarios,and the phenomenon of diminishing marginal benefits of energy storage is becoming more apparent.Therefore,themulti-dimensional value evolution trend of energy storage has become a key issue.This study selects indicators from three dimensions of energy storage:low-carbon emission reduction,smoothing wind and solar power fluctuations,and saving generation costs,quantifying the economic,environmental,and technical values of energy storage.This forms a quantitative evaluation system for energy storage value.By comparing the calculated system values under different energy storage capacities,the marginal value evolution trend of energy storage is obtained.Meanwhile,considering factors such as the utilization rate of renewable energy,the change in energy storage value under different scenarios is analyzed.The results show that the value of long-duration energy storage is significantly affected by the energy storage capacity.Specifically,when the charge-discharge efficiency of longduration energy storage reaches 0.6 or above,the system value increases significantly.Additionally,appropriately reducing the cost of energy storage capacity also helps to improve its system value.

Research on Data Theory of Value

This paper explores the data theory of value along the line of reasoning epochal characteristics of data-theoretical innovation-paradigmatic transformation and,through a comparison of hard and soft factors and observation of data peculiar features,it draws the conclusion that data have the epochal characteristics of non-competitiveness and non-exclusivity,decreasing marginal cost and increasing marginal return,non-physical and intangible form,and non-finiteness and non-scarcity.It is the epochal characteristics of data that undermine the traditional theory of value and innovate the“production-exchange”theory,including data value generation,data value realization,data value rights determination and data value pricing.From the perspective of data value generation,the levels of data quality,processing,use and connectivity,data application scenarios and data openness will influence data value.From the perspective of data value realization,data,as independent factors of production,show value creation effect,create a value multiplier effect by empowering other factors of production,and substitute other factors of production to create a zero-price effect.From the perspective of data value rights determination,based on the theory of property,the tragedy of the private outweighs the comedy of the private with respect to data,and based on the theory of sharing economy,the comedy of the commons outweighs the tragedy of the commons with respect to data.From the perspective of data pricing,standardized data products can be priced according to the physical product attributes,and non-standardized data products can be priced according to the virtual product attributes.Based on the epochal characteristics of data and theoretical innovation,the“production-exchange”paradigm has undergone a transformation from“using tangible factors to produce tangible products and exchanging tangible products for tangible products”to“using intangible factors to produce tangible products and exchanging intangible products for tangible products”and ultimately to“using intangible factors to produce intangible products and exchanging intangible products for intangible products”.

A Value for Games Defined on Graphs

Given a graph g=( V,A ) , we define a space of subgraphs M with the binary operation of union and the unique decomposition property into blocks. This space allows us to discuss a notion of minimal subgraphs (minimal coalitions) that are of interest for the game. Additionally, a partition of the game is defined in terms of the gain of each block, and subsequently, a solution to the game is defined based on distributing to each player (node and edge) present in each block a payment proportional to their contribution to the coalition.

The Clinical Value of Accelerated Recovery Care in Pulmonary Rehabilitation of Perioperative Lung Cancer Patients

Aim: To study the clinical value of accelerated recovery care in pulmonary rehabilitation of perioperative lung cancer patients. Methods: 98 lung cancer patients undergoing surgery were admitted to our hospital from March 2020 to November 2021 and randomly divided into an observation group and an ACBT (Active Cycle of Breathing Technique) training group. Accelerated recovery care and routine care were respectively used in the perioperative period to compare the nursing effects of the two groups. Results: All perioperative indicators in the observation group were shorter than those in the ACBT training group. The pain scores at different time periods after surgery were lower in the observation group than in the ACBT training group (P 0.05). The improvement in the above indicators was higher in the observation group than in the ACBT training group after nursing care (P Conclusion: Accelerated recovery care during the perioperative period for lung cancer surgery patients showed significant effectiveness.

Extreme value theory applied to the auroral electrojet indices

The study of extreme weather and space events has gained paramount importance in modern society owing to rapid advances in high technology.Understanding and describing exceptional occurrences plays a crucial role in making decisive assessments of their potential impact on technical,economic,and social aspects in various fields.This research focuses on analyzing the hourly values of the auroral electrojet(AE)geomagnetic index from 1957 to 2019 by using the peak over threshold method in extreme value theory.By fitting the generalized Pareto distribution to extreme AE values,shape parameter indices were derived,revealing negative values that establish an upper bound for this time series.Consequently,it became evident that the AE values had reached a plateau,suggesting that extreme events exceeding the established upper limit are rare.As a result,although the need for diligent precautions to mitigate the consequences of such extreme events persists,surpassing the upper limit of AE values becomes increasingly challenging.It is also possible to observe an aurora in the middle-and low-latitude regions during the maximum period of the AE index.

Dirac method for nonlinear and non-homogenous boundary value problems of plates

The boundary value problem plays a crucial role in the analytical investigation of continuum dynamics. In this paper, an analytical method based on the Dirac operator to solve the nonlinear and non-homogeneous boundary value problem of rectangular plates is proposed. The key concept behind this method is to transform the nonlinear or non-homogeneous part on the boundary into a lateral force within the governing function by the Dirac operator, which linearizes and homogenizes the original boundary, allowing one to employ the modal superposition method for obtaining solutions to reconstructive governing equations. Once projected into the modal space, the harmonic balance method(HBM) is utilized to solve coupled ordinary differential equations(ODEs)of truncated systems with nonlinearity. To validate the convergence and accuracy of the proposed Dirac method, the results of typical examples, involving nonlinearly restricted boundaries, moment excitation, and displacement excitation, are compared with those of the differential quadrature element method(DQEM). The results demonstrate that when dealing with nonlinear boundaries, the Dirac method exhibits more excellent accuracy and convergence compared with the DQEM. However, when facing displacement excitation, there exist some discrepancies between the proposed approach and simulations;nevertheless, the proposed method still accurately predicts resonant frequencies while being uniquely capable of handling nonuniform displacement excitations. Overall, this methodology offers a convenient way for addressing nonlinear and non-homogenous plate boundaries.