China's long-term low carbon transition pathway under the urbanization process

This study develops a comprehensive analysis framework and socio-economic energy system model that interlinks demographic change and energy system in order to analyze the urbanization process and its relation with China's long-term CO2 emissions trend as China'economy enters the“new normal”stage.The results show that,around 300 million people are expected to migrate from rural areas to urban areas by 2050 following a trend,in which people are moving gradually from small and medium city groups to large and super city groups.The migration trend together with the improvement in living standard will promote China's infrastructure construction,industry production,and energy service demand growth.Under the Business as Usual(BAU)scenario,total primary energy consumption in China will reach 8.4 Gtce by 2050,energyrelated CO2 emissions will increase to 17.6 Gt,which is 83%higher than the 2013 level.While in the Low Carbon Transition(LCT)scenario with technology innovation,the total primary energy demand for China in 2050 could be controlled at^6 Gtce;CO2 emissions would peak during 2020—2025,and be reduced by 78%by 2050 compared to the BAU scenario.In the transition process,non-fossil fuel power generation and energy efficiency technologies have the largest mitigation potentials.Industry and power sectors would peak first before 2020,followed by the building and transport sectors which are projected to peak around 2030.The total additional capital investment required for LCT would account for 1.5%of GDP.Therefore,it is technologically and economically feasible for China to implement new urbanization strategy.

Study on Low-carbon City Planning Strategies Based on Urban Greenhouse Gas Inventory

From the perspective of urban greenhouse gas inventory, this paper analyzed the composition and tendency of urban greenhouse gas inventory of Guangzhou, and compared greenhouse gas inventory of representative international cities. Taking Guangzhou Haizhu Eco-city for example, this paper from the perspective of urban-rural planning put forward the low-carbon development paths and strategies such as increasing carbon sink, industrial transformation, spatial restructuring, traffic organization, green civil engineering and resource utilization, and green building for the main carbon-emitting fields such as industry, energy supply, transport, building and waste disposal.

Approaches of Landscape Design for the Construction of Low-carbon Ecological City

The prominent role and remarkable achievements of landscape design in the construction of low-carbon ecological city were analyzed in the context of global environmental issues. This study stressed that landscape architecture, as a comprehensive discipline handling human-land relationship, would play a significant role in the construction of low-carbon ecological city, and finally proposed a variety of approaches of landscape design for constructing low-carbon ecological city.

Research on the Low-carbon-high-value Agriculture Technology in the Comprehensive Improvement of Intra-county Environment Pollution——Taking the Development of Cultivation and Breeding Industry in the Ecological Cyclic Agricultural Garden in Shaoshan Irri

The comprehensive improvement strategy of intra-county environment pollution in the city and countryside was searched.By the research method which combined the microscopic view,the macroscopic view with the dynamic perspective,the seriousness of rural water quality,soil and atmospheric pollution in Xiangxiang,Xiangtan and the surrounding areas in Shaoshan irrigated area was revealed.The control measure which was 'four-dimensional pollution in the city and countryside'—— low-carbon-high-value agriculture and the technology innovation was proposed.The low-carbon-high-value technology innovation industrialization demonstration in three parts which included the pre-production,mid-production and post-production deep-processing of cultivation and breeding industry in the ecological cyclic agricultural garden in Shaoshan irrigated area was the driving force.We tried to propel the low-carbon ecological cultivation and breeding industry which included the paddy rice,grass,tree,medicinal herbs and pig,cow,chick,duck,fish.We wanted to relieve the structural unbalance of previous cultivation and breeding industry,'cheap grain hurting the farmers' and the short-leg problem of social-economic-ecological benefit.The results showed that the low-carbon-high-value agricultural system was a poly-generation technology system which promoted the multi-level and grading utilization,saved the energy,reduced the consumption and cleaned the production based on the ecology.

Low Carbon Urban Design Concept Planning of Handan Eastern New District

Currently urban issues show a dramatically increasing rely on auto use,which seriously affects the sustainable development of the city and makes how to build low-carbon cities become one of the urgent problems to be solved in the process of urban development.Therefore,low-carbon cities have become principles for China’s next generation of growth and the research hot spot of urban traffic planning.By taking a look at the concepts such as Compact City,transit-oriented development(TOD)city and‘small block’zoning,the article combined the relationship between urban spatial layout patterns and traffic development mode to build a green,low-carbon and sustainable urban development model.Finally,taking the urban design of the new district in the east of Handan City as an example,this research applied the concepts and approaches to planning practice,hoping to provide reference for building low carbon cities.

TOPSIS-based Measurement and Analysis on Dynamics of Smart Lowcarbon Development for Major Chinese Cities

The smart low-carbon development of modern cities has become one of the academic hotspots.However,the dynamics is rarely involved.Therefore,TOPSIS method was used to take a quantitative study on the dynamics of smart low-carbon development for major Chinese cities.The results showed that:(1) 3 main dynamics of smart lowcarbon city development in China are institution and culture conditions,facility and function conditions and economy and industry conditions,but the overall utility is relatively low;(2) the level of dynamic operation mechanism of smart low-carbon development for major Chinese cities is distinct between regions,indicating a spatial law of diminishing from the east to the west and differing within regions;(3) the imbalance of comprehensive dynamic mechanism and operation state between major cities is prominent,showing an urban scale law of decreasing from big to small and differing within each scale and an administration hierarchy law of descending from high to low and differing within each class;(4) 7 basic development patterns can be obtained,and most of the cities take the external strong internal weak mode,which basically matches with its development realities.

土地出让市场化对城市碳排放绩效的影响研究--基于城市面板数据的检验分析

文章基于2011—2022年中国地级市的面板数据,测算地级市土地出让市场化水平与地级市碳排放绩效,采用空间面板模型、工具变量法及调节效应模型等实证方法,检验了土地出让市场化对城市碳排放绩效的影响及其内在机制。研究发现:土地出让市场化与城市碳排放绩效之间呈显著的“U”型非线性关系,且通过系列稳健性检验与内生性处理后,该结论依然成立;作用机制检验表明,资源配置与产业结构升级在土地出让市场化对城市碳排放绩效的作用机制中发挥中介作用;调节效应检验表明,双重目标约束在土地出让市场化与碳排放绩效关系中发挥显著调节作用。研究结论有助于深入理解土地出让市场化对城市碳排放绩效的影响效果和内在机理,为推进土地出让市场化发展、提升城市碳排放绩效和优化目标约束提供有益借鉴。

控规单元尺度城市更新中建筑碳排预计算研究--以武汉滨江商务区七期地块为例

我国已处于城镇化的后半程,加上“30目标+60愿景”国际承诺的做出,标志着存量更新和低碳规划将成为我国城市开发建设和转型发展的基本语境。建筑碳排是城市中的重要碳排放源,亦是影响城市更新的主要碳排因素和计算因子,针对当前我国城市更新中建筑碳排计算研究的缺失,以控规单元尺度为研究范围,以建筑碳排预计算为研究对象,综合运用多种定量研究方法与工具平台及图式化语言进行研究分析。在能耗模拟框架下,对三种常用建筑碳排预计算方法进行比选,选取“根据规划用地类型与强度推算建筑能耗”的碳排计算方法。以武汉滨江商务区七期地块为实证地块,根据城市更新规划设计方案,对城市更新后建筑碳排进行预计算及结果分析;并对现状地块的建筑碳排进行计算,对比分析地块更新前后建筑能耗的减排效应并进行原因探析,得出经过低碳城市更新后的建筑碳排降幅可达到约88%,主要原因在于高能耗建筑类型的减少及用地功能与性质的改变。在实证研究的基础上,从三个方面提出控规单元尺度城市更新的低碳规划策略与技术路径,最后对研究的科学价值和现实意义进行讨论,并提出未来研究应继续努力与完善的方向。

Low Carbon Business Community——低碳商务社区理念在虹桥商务区的实践

低碳理念-从城市建设的最初阶段将节能低碳的理念引入城市中,从根本上抑制城市能源消耗及二氧化碳的排放。城市规划设计中主要从城市交通、城市布局形态、能源规划使用以及建筑设计对节能减排进行有效的控制引导,低碳理念促使城市设计的方案形成,并始终指导着随后的城市开发建设。

基于DEA-Malmquist模型的高铁对低碳旅游发展效率影响研究--以郑州都市群为例

利用2010—2020年郑州都市群相关数据,运用DEA-BCC模型和Malmquist指数法进行测算。结果显示:(1)郑州都市群低碳旅游平均综合发展效率偏低,总体呈波动式下降,仅有少数城市综合发展效率处于良好水平。(2)郑州都市群各城市低碳旅游的综合发展效率差异较大,未完全发挥区域内城市交通可达性优势,难以推动区域内低碳旅游一体化协调发展。(3)从空间分布看,高铁对部分欠发达地区低碳旅游发展呈增长趋势,对较发达地区低碳旅游发展呈下降趋势。

城市片区尺度碳中和设计实践--以金华中央创新区金创绿谷项目为例

以金华中央创新区金创绿谷项目为例,阐述可再生能源利用、智慧能源管理柔性用能系统、建筑能效提升等方面的应用,从宏观尺度与建筑尺度2个维度着手,研究系统性实现区域零碳目标的设计策略。分析碳中和技术落地面临的困难和挑战,通过适度设计、互动设计和延展设计,打造可持续、充满创造力、多样性和互动性的“零碳城市教科书”。

A-A^2/O工艺处理低碳源城市污水的除磷脱氮效果

文章以南方某污水处理厂的实际运行情况为例,介绍了A-A2/O工艺在处理低碳源城市污水的效果。运行结果表明,工艺对BOD5、COD、SS的去除效果良好,达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918-2002)一级A标准。对于氮磷去除,出水NH4-N<0.5mg/L,TN<15mg/L,TP<1.5mg/L,但TN平均去除率只有45%左右;TP大多数的去除率在30%～50%之间。造成这种结果的主要原因是碳源不足。为提高除磷脱氮效果,采取了投加PAC来辅助除磷,并提出了进一步的改进措施,供同行参考。

城市总体规划促进低碳城市实现途径探讨--以美国纽约市为例

如何充实"碳减排"在城市总体规划层面的内容,如何将目标落实为行动以及将行动转化为责任部门的承诺,是中国通过城市总体规划促进低碳城市目标的实现所面临的三大问题。纽约市城市总体规划(2008—2030)是专门针对城市实体环境而编制的,其对快速城市化进程中的中国大城市具有借鉴意义,即提高总体规划的低碳政策表达技术、实现总体规划转变为行动纲领,以及体现总体规划的协调统筹功能。

体积比对改良A2／O-同步脱氮除磷装置去除效果的影响

研究设计了一套改良A^2/O-强化同步脱氮除磷装置,探讨了该装置在处理南方城市低碳氮比的城市污水的同步脱氮除磷功能,给出了该装置的优化运行参数。研究结果表明,在温度为22~28℃、好氧池末端DO的质量浓度为1.5 mg/L、HRT为8 h,硝化液回流体积比为200%,缺氧混合液回流体积比为150%,污泥回流体积比为60%~80%,厌氧池、缺氧池、好氧池体积比为1:2.6:6.4时,中试装置出水COD和NH_4^+-N、TN、TP的质量浓度平均分别为36.52 mg/L和0.87、12.95、0.43 mg/L,符合GB 18918-2002一级A标准。

基于三阶段超效率SBM-DEA模型的我国沿海五大城市群低碳物流效率研究

为探究我国沿海五大城市群的低碳物流效率及影响因素,基于五大城市群48个城市2008—2020年的数据利用三阶段超效率SBM-DEA(slacks-based measure-data envelopment analysis)模型对低碳物流效率进行评价,运用Malmquist指数分析低碳物流全要素生产率。研究指出:低碳物流效率受地区经济水平、物流投入强度、创新水平、对外开放程度、城镇化水平等外部环境变量影响;剔除影响因素后五大城市群低碳物流效率值明显上升,技术效率、规模效率和全要素生产率也有提升;劳动力投入冗余、货运量、物流业增加值产出松弛的下降对低碳物流效率值的增长起着正向作用,技术效率和技术进步提升是全要素生产率增长的主要原因。基于分析结果提出促进低碳物流效率提升的对策建议。

日本的城市环境问题及其改善过程--政策和规划视角研究

日本是亚洲最先城市化的国家,目前已有86%的人口生活在城市行政区范围内。在城市化的进程中,日本曾出现过各种各样的环境问题,经过半个多世纪的努力,现在的城市生活环境不仅得到根本改善,而且在资源循环利用和低碳社会建设等方面也做出引人注目的成绩。本文从日本城市规划制度和环境政策演变角度,分阶段介绍自1950年以来的城市环境问题、环境法律和有关城市规划建设的政策,逐步展开日本改善城市生活环境、保护地球自然环境的过程,尤其注重从生态城市到低碳社会转型发展的最近政策动向。

城市生态规划理论方法再深入--2016年中国城市规划学会城市生态规划学术委员会年会述要

2016年中国城市规划学会城市生态规划学术委员会年会的主题为城市生态规划理论方法再深入,主要就城市生态规划理论的思考与深化,城市生态规划实践的总结与发展、城市生态规划技术的应用与探索这3个方面展开了广泛而深入的探讨,涉及生态城市建设的探索与实践、城市生态规划问题、低碳生态研究与创新、绿色基础设施评价的分析方法、生态实践智慧、城市生态安全体系的构建途径等具体内容,扩展了城市生态规划研究的广度与深度。

产业集群低碳化升级路径研究--以长株潭城市群为例

低碳经济将是今后全球社会经济发展的一种主流模式,而低碳产业集群是发展低碳经济的有效组织载体。本文梳理了国内外学者的研究成果,对比分析了低碳产业集群与传统产业集群的区别,重点以长株潭城市群为例,在对其产业集群的发展现状及低碳化问题进行整体判断的基础上,提出了"强调一个中心,实施五大战略"的产业集群低碳化升级的总体思路,并从企业、产业、政府等多层面进行了低碳化路径的具体设计。

从“拆改留”到“留改拆”--城市更新的低碳实施策略

要实现城乡碳中和,城乡发展建设模式的选择是不能回避的话题。改革开放以来,我国采用“大拆大建”的模式快速地提升了城镇化水平,但也带来了资源和能源巨大消耗、生态环境受到威胁、历史文化保护传承遭受挑战等问题。面对“碳达峰、碳中和”的战略目标,国家提出在新时代城市更新过程中坚持“留改拆”并举的要求,意义重大。本文阐述了从“拆改留”到“留改拆”模式转变的内因、基础和内涵,并从城市、片区、建筑单体3个层次系统提出了“调查评估-确定目标-分类施策-实施保障”的“留改拆”低碳城市更新模式的“四步走”实施策略[1]。

面向低碳的城市空间结构优化评价研究--以南京市为例

在城市转型发展的背景下,要求规划从"增量"转向"存量",外延扩张转向内部提升,更加注重推进经济、社会、环境的可持续发展。而低碳城市是中国可持续发展的集中体现,是资源节约和环境友好的可持续发展之路。据研究,城市空间结构对城市的碳排放和可持续发展具有一定的锁定作用。该文选择城市为研究层次,研究城市空间结构与城市碳排放之间的关系,对低碳的城市空间布局优化规划提供技术支撑。