低分子肝素钠联合保胎灵在复发性流产患者中的应用价值及对CRP与HO-1的影响

目的探讨低分子肝素钠联合保胎灵在复发性流产患者中的应用价值及对C-反应蛋白(CRP)与血红素加氧酶1(HO-1)的影响。方法选取2020年3月至2022年4月在我院接受治疗的108例复发性流产(RSA)患者作为研究对象,采用随机表法,将患者随机分为联合组(n=54)和传统组(n=54),传统组患者予以低分子肝素(LMWH);联合组患者加用保胎灵。比较两组患者激素水平、凝血功能、细胞相关因子水平、血清水平的变化、妊娠结局及其并发症的发生情况。结果治疗后,两组β-人绒毛膜促性腺激素(β-HCG)、雌二醇(E 2)和孕酮(P)、活化部分凝血酶原时间(APTT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)和白细胞介素-10(IL-10)、HO-1均升高,且联合组高于传统组(P<0.05);两组纤溶酶原激活抑制剂1(PAI-1)、白细胞介素-17(IL-17)、CRP均下降,且联合组低于传统组;联合组流产率显著低于传统组,活产率则明显高于传统组(P<0.05)。两组患者的足月产率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。联合组分娩周数显著长于传统组(P<0.05);两组患者妊娠并发症比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论LMWH联合保胎灵能有效改善RSA患者妊娠期孕激素水平及凝血功能,提升保胎成功率改善妊娠结局,同时可调节细胞平衡,且对并发症无显著影响。

Evaluation of the safety and effectiveness of direct oral anticoagulants and low molecular weight heparin in gastrointestinal cancer-associated venous thromboembolism

BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal cancer(GICA)is associated with a higher incidence of venous thromboembolism(VTE)compared to other solid tumors,moreover,recurrent VTE and major bleeding(MB)complications during anticoagulation treatment have an associated increase rate.GICA-VTE remains a challenging clinical scenario with MB concerns for utilization of direct oral anticoagulants(DOAC),especially with active cancer therapies.AIM To evaluate patient risk factors,effectiveness(VTE)and safety(MB)of DOACs and low molecular weight heparin(LMWH)in patients with active GICA-VTE.METHODS A retrospective chart review of patients receiving DOACs and LMWH with GICA and symptomatic or incidental VTE treated at comprehensive cancer center from November 2013 to February 2017 was performed.Inclusion criteria included active GI cancer diagnosed at any stage or treatment+/-6 mo of VTE diagnosis,whom were prescribed 6 mo or more of DOACs or LMWH.The Chi-squared test was used for overall and the Fisher exact test for pairwise comparisons of the proportions of patients experiencing recurrent VTE and MB events.Odds ratios were used to compare the relative odds of the occurrence of the outcome given exposure to the risk factor.RESULTS A total of 144 patients were prescribed anticoagulation,in which 106 fulfilled inclusion criteria apixaban(27.3%),rivaroxaban(34.9%)and enoxaparin(37.7%),and 38 were excluded.Patients median age was 66.5 years at GICA diagnosis and 67 years at CAVTE event,with 62%males,80%Caucasian,70%stage IV,pancreatic cancer(40.5%),30%Khorana Score(≥3 points),and 43.5%on active chemotherapy.Sixty-four percent of patients completed anticoagulation therapy(range 1 to 43 mo).Recurrent VTE at 6 mo was noted in 7.5%(n=3),6.8%(n=2)and 2.7%(n=1)of patients on enoxaparin,apixaban and rivaroxaban,respectively(all P=NS).MB at 6 mo were 5%(n=2)for enoxaparin,6.8%(n=2)for apixaban and 21.6%(n=8)for rivaroxaban(overall P=0.048;vs LMWH P=0.0423;all other P=NS).Significant predictors of a primary or secondary outcome for all anticoagulation therapies included:Active systemic treatment(OR=5.1,95%CI:1.3-19.3),high Khorana Score[≥3 points](OR=5.5,95%CI:1.7-17.1),active smoker(OR=6.7,95%CI:2.1-21.0),pancreatic cancer(OR=6.8,95%CI:1.9-23.2),and stage IV disease(OR=9.9,95%CI:1.2-79.1).CONCLUSION Rivaroxaban compared to apixaban and enoxaparin had a significantly higher risk of MB on GICA-VTE patients with equivocal efficacy.

低分子肝素钠辅助连续性静脉-静脉血液滤过治疗重症脓毒症患者的临床效果

目的:探讨低分子肝素钠辅助连续性静脉-静脉血液滤过(CVVH)治疗重症脓毒症的临床效果。方法:选取2022年1月-2023年6月浙江大学医学院附属第二医院收治的84例行CVVH治疗的重症脓毒症患者为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为对照组和试验组,各42例。对照组采用肝素钠注射液抗凝辅助治疗,试验组采用低分子肝素钠抗凝辅助治疗。比较两组凝血指标、序贯性器官功能衰竭(SOFA)评分、急性生理和慢性健康状况评分Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)评分、炎性因子水平、不良事件发生率。结果:治疗后,两组活化部分凝血活酶时间、凝血酶时间、凝血酶原时间低于治疗前,血小板计数高于治疗前,试验组优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,两组SOFA、APACHEⅡ评分低于治疗前,试验组SOFA、APACHEⅡ评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,两组肿瘤坏死因子-α、超敏C反应蛋白水平低于治疗前,试验组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组不良事件发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:低分子肝素钠辅助CVVH治疗重症脓毒症患者可有效改善凝血功能,缓解炎性反应及临床症状,安全性高。

Astrocytic effect of low molecular weight heparin-superoxide dismutase conjugate in interleukin-6 overexpressing mice following local cerebral ischemia

BACKGROUND： Studies have shown that low molecular weight heparin-superoxide dismutase conjugate exhibits a remarkable neuroprotective effect. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the effect of low molecular weight heparin-superoxide dismutase conjugate on astrocytes in an interleukin-6 （IL-6） overexpressing mice following local cerebral ischemia. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： Randomized, cytological, controlled, animal study was performed in the Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Neurology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina from January 2005 to March 2005. MATERIALS： Nine IL-6 transgenic mice, irrespective of gender, were randomly divided into three groups： sham-operated, model, and treatment, with three mice in each group. With exception of the sham-operated group, right middle cerebral artery occlusion was induced in the mice. Expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein, an astrocyte marker, was determined by immunohistochemistry. Low molecular weight heparin-superoxide dismutase conjugate was purchased from Biochemistry and Biotechnique Institute, Shandong University. METHODS： Two minutes prior to ischemia induction, 0.5 mL/kg saline or 20 000 U/kg low molecular weight heparin-superoxide dismutase conjugate were administrated via the femoral artery in the model group and treatment group, respectively. The sham-operated group underwent the same protocols, with the exception of occlusion and treatment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： The number of glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive cells was quantified under light microscopy （x200）. RESULTS： In the sham-operated group, there were a large number of astrocytes in the IL-6 transgenic mice. However, the cell bodies were small, and the branches were few and thin. The number of astrocytes in the model group was remarkably less than the sham-operated group. Compared to the model and sham-operated groups, the number of astrocytes significantly increased, and the cell body became larger, following treatment with low molecular weight heparin-superoxide dismutase conjugate. Astrocytes exhibited hypertrophy and hyperplasia, and the processes became longer and thicker. CONCLUSION： The low molecular weight heparin-superoxide dismutase conjugate may provide neuroprotection through astrocytic activation at the super-early stage of cerebral ischemia and reperfusion.

Attenuation of corneal neovascularization by topical low-molecular-weight heparin-taurocholate 7 without bleeding complication

AIM：To investigate the antiangiogenic effects and safety of topically administered low-molecular-weight heparintaurocholate 7（LHT7） on corneal neovascularization（CoNV）.METHODS：Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly distributed into four groups of six rats each.The central corneas were cauterized using a silver/potassium nitrate solution.From 2d after cauterization,12.5 mg/mL（low LHT7 group） or 25 mg/mL（high LHT7group） LHT7 was topically administered three times daily;12.5 mg/mL bevacizumab was topically administered as positive control（bevacizumab） group,with normal saline（NS） administered as negative control（NS group）.The corneas were digitally photographed to calculate the CoNV percentage from the neovascularized corneal area at 1 and 2wk.RESULTS：The 4 study groups did not have different CoNV percentages at 1wk after injury（P〉0.05）.However,the low LHT,high LHT,and bevacizumab groups had significantly lower CoNV percentages than the NS group at 2wk（all P〈0.05）.No significant differences in CoNV percentage were found among the low LHT,high LHT,and bevacizumab groups（all P〉0.05）.All groups except the NS group had lower CoNV percentages at 2wk postinjury than the levels observed at 1wk（all P〈0.05）.CONCLUSION：Topically-administered LHT7 inhibited CoNV without complication after chemical cauterization in the rat.

肝纤维化患者血清核心岩藻糖基化低分子量激肽原和α-半乳糖基化抗体的表达及预测价值

目的:肝纤维化是许多慢性肝脏疾病的共同病理基础,可进展至肝硬化,是肝脏疾病的主要致死因素,而早期识别并逆转肝纤维化进程是慢性肝病治疗的关键,本研究旨在比较血清核心岩藻糖标志物低分子量激肽原(core fucosylated low molecular weight kininogen,LMWK-Fc)和α-半乳糖基化(alpha-galactosidase,α-Gal)抗体在不同阶段肝纤维化患者体内的表达情况,评估其诊断肝纤维化的效能。方法:回顾性纳入2022年6月至2023年3月在中南大学湘雅二医院感染科就诊的275例慢性肝病患者,其中115例患者接受了肝活检。根据病理结果显示的肝组织内胶原沉积对肝结构破坏范围、程度和肝微循环影响的大小将115例完善肝活检的患者分为0~4期:S0,肝组织内无明显胶原沉积,肝结构和肝微循环正常;S1,肝组织内有轻度胶原沉积,部分破坏肝小叶结构,但肝微循环基本正常;S2,肝组织内中度胶原沉积,部分破坏肝小叶结构和肝微循环;S3,肝组织内广泛胶原沉积,大量破坏肝小叶结构和肝微循环;S4,发展为肝硬化,肝组织内高度胶原沉积,肝小叶结构完全破坏,肝微循环严重受损。并根据分期标准分为无肝纤维化组(S0)、肝纤维化组(S1~S2)、显著纤维化组(S3~S4)。160例未完善肝活检的患者则按照肝硬度值(liverstiffness measurement,LSM)分为无肝纤维化组(F0:LSM<7.3k Pa)、肝纤维化组(F1~F2:LSM为7.3~12.4 kPa)、明显肝纤维化组(F3~F4:LSM>12.4 kPa)。采集患者的年龄、性别等基本人口学资料以及丙氨酸转氨酶、天冬氨酸转氨酶、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶、碱性磷酸酶、甲胎蛋白、血小板计数等实验室指标,计算肝纤维化-4指数(fibrosis-4 index,FIB-4)、天冬氨酸转氨酶/血小板比值指数(aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index,APRI),并对各项指标进行差异性分析;对入组的患者分别行血清LMWK-Fc和α-Gal抗体检测,比较各组间LMWK-Fc、α-Gal抗体及其他肝纤维化指标的表达情况;分析LMWK-Fc、α-Gal抗体表达水平与肝纤维化程度的相关性;采用受试者操作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线分析血清LMWK-Fc、α-Gal抗体水平预测肝纤维化的价值。结果:在未完善肝活检的160例患者中,血清α-Gal抗体及LMWK-Fc的表达水平在无肝纤维化组、肝纤维化组、明显肝纤维化组依次递增,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在完善肝活检的115例患者中,血清LMWK-Fc水平在无纤维化组、肝纤维化组、显著肝纤维化组间依次增高,血清α-Gal抗体表达水平在显著肝纤维化组中高于无纤维化组、肝纤维化组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001,P=0.032)。单变量和多元线性回归分析结果显示肝纤维化与性别、LMWKFc水平均有相关性(均P<0.05),与年龄、α-Gal抗体水平、FIB-4和APRI均无相关性(均P>0.05)。结论:血清LMWK-Fc和α-Gal抗体在不同分级肝纤维化患者血清中的表达水平存在差异,可能与肝纤维化进展有一定的相关性,LMWK-Fc水平对肝纤维化诊断具有一定的预测价值。

Combined effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine decoction and low-molecular-weight heparin calcium on the postoperative deep venous thrombosis in patients with lower limb fracture

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the combined effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) decoction and low-molecular-weight heparin calcium on deep vein thrombosis(DVT) induced by surgery in patients with lower limb fracture.METHODS: Totally 86 hospitalized patients with DVT after surgery of lower limb fracture between September 2012 and January 2015 were recruited and randomly divided into control group and observation group, 43 cases in each group. The patients in the control group were treated with subcutaneous injection of low-molecular-weight heparin calcium, and those in the observation group were additionally given Danshen Injection and TCM decoction. The differences between two groups in occurrence rate, medication time, therapeutic effects,recurrence rate of thrombosis, activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT), and prothrombin time(PT) were compared.RESULTS: The occurrence rate of DVT in observation group(4.65%, 2/43) was lower than that in control group(27.91%,12/43)(P<0.05). The medication time of observation group was(6.15±2.94) d, shorter than(9.76±3.12) d in the control group(P<0.05). In observation group, 2 cases of DVT were cured(2/2); in the control group, 9 cases presented therapeutic effects and the total effective rate was 75.00%(9/12). The improvement of APTT and PT in the observation group was better than that in the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Integrative TCM decoction plus low-molecularweight heparin calcium is superior to applicaton of low-molecularweight heparin calcium alone in reducing and treating DVT in the postoperative patients with lower limb fracture.

Effect of low molecular weight fucoidan on diabetic cardiovascular complications in Goto-Kakizaki type 2 diabetic rats

OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effect against diabetes cardiovascular complications of low molecular weight fucoidan(LMWF)from L.japonica in Qindao, China. METHODS LMWF(50,100 and 200mg·kg-1·d-1)or probucol(100mg·kg-1·d-1)were given orally to Goto-Kakizaki type 2 diabetic rats for 12 weeks.Basal blood pressure,acetylcholine-or flow-mediated relaxation of mesenteric and paw arteries,endothelium-dependent dilation of aorta,eNOS phosphorylation and NO production were measured using laser Doppler flowmetry,force myograph,HE staining,Western blot and an NO assay,respectively.The establishment of diabetic cardiomyopathy(DCM)model and were evaluated by echocardiography and isolated heart perfusion.Ventricle staining with HE or Sirius red was performed to investigate the structural changes in myocardium.Oxidative stress and apoptosis were evaluated by enzyme activities,protein expressions and cell stainings in both myocardial tissues and cultured cardiomyocytes.RESULTS In aorta,LMWF robustly ameliorated the basal hypertension and impairment of endothelium-dependent relaxation in the aorta,as well as mesenteric and paw arteries in diabetic rats.In addition,the reduction in endothelial nitric oxide synthase(eNOS)phosphorylation at Ser1177,eNOS expression and NO production due to diabetes were partially reversed by LMWF treatment.However,probucol,a lipid-modifying drug with antioxidant properties,displayed only mild effects.Moreover,LMWF induced,in a dose-dependent manner,endothelium-dependent vasodilation and eNOS phosphorylation at Ser1177 in normal aorta,and also promoted Ser1177 phosphorylation and NO synthesis in primary cultured vasoendothelial cells.On DCM,LMWF has a beneficial effect by enhancing myocardial contractility and mitigating cardiac fibrosis as well as the production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)and myocyte apoptosis in diabetic hearts.CONCLUSION These data demonstrate for the first time that fucoidan protects vasoendothelial and cardiac function against diabetic injury in type 2diabetes rats via,at least in part,preservation of eNOS function,amelioration of PKCβ-mediated oxidative stress and subsequent cardiomyocyte apoptosis.Fucoidan is therefore a potential candidate drug for protection of endothelium and heart in diabetic cardiovascular complications.

Effects of low molecular weight heparin-superoxide dismutase conjugate on serum levels of nitric oxide,glutathione peroxidase,and myeloperoxidase in a gerbil model of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury

BACKGROUND： Several studies have demonstrated that low molecular weight heparin-superoxide dismutase （LMWH-SOD） conjugate may exhibit good neuroprotective effects on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury though anticoagulation, decreasing blood viscosity, having anti-inflammatory activity, and scavenging oxygen free radicals. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the intervention effects of LMWH-SOD conjugate on serum levels of nitric oxide （NO）, glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px）, and myeloperoxidase （MPO） following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized, controlled, and neurobiochemical experiment was performed at the Institute of Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University between April and July 2004. MATERIALS： A total of 60 Mongolian gerbils of either gender were included in this study. Total cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury was induced in 50 gerbils by occluding bilateral common carotid arteries. The remaining 10 gerbils received a sham-operation （sham-operated group）. Kits of SOD, NO, and MPO were sourced from Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute, China. LMWH, SOD, and LMWH-SOD conjugates were provided by Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnique, Shandong University, China. METHODS： Fifty successful gerbil models of total cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury were evenly randomized to five groups： physiological saline, LMWH-SOD, SOD, LMWH ＋ SOD, and LMWH. At 2 minutes prior to ischemia, 0.5 mL/65 g physiological saline, 20 000 U/kg LMWH-SOD conjugate, 20 000 U/kg SOD, a mixture of SOD （20 000 U/kg） and LMWH （LMWH dose calculated according to weight ratio, LMWH： SOD = 23.6：51）, and LMWH （dose as in the LMWH ＋ SOD group） were administered through the femoral artery in each above-mentioned group, respectively. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Serum levels of NO, MPO, and GSH-Px. RESULTS： Compared with 10 sham-operated gerbils, the cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury gerbils exhibited decreased serum levels of GSH-Px and increased serum levels of NO and MPO （P 〈 0.01）. The serum level of GSH-Px was significantly upregulated in all groups, in particular in the LMWH-SOD group （P 〈 0.01）, compared with the physiological saline group （P 〈 0.05-0.01）. Following medical treatment, serum levels of NO and MPO were significantly downregulated in all groups, in particular in the LMWH-SOD group （P 〈 0.01）. Serum levels of GSH-Px, NO, and MPO in the LMWH-SOD group were close to those in the sham-operated group （P 〉 0.05）. CONCLUSION： In cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, LMWH-SOD conjugate exhibits stronger neuroprotective effects on free radical scavenging, inflammation inhibition, and cytotoxicity inhibition than simple or combined application of LMWH and SOD by downregulating NO and MPO levels and upregulating the GSH-Px level.

In vivo biodistribution of topical low molecular weight heparin-taurocholate in a neovascularized mouse cornea

AIM： To investigate the ocular biodistribution and clearance of topically administered 7-taurocholic acid conjugated low-molecular weight heparin（LHT7） in a neovascularized mouse cornea using an in vivo optical imaging system. METHODS： A total of 10 eyes of 6 to 8-week-old BALB/c mice were analyzed. Corneal neovascularization（CoNV） was induced in the inferior cornea（IC） of each animal by penetrating the stroma with two interrupted sutures. The development of CoNV was verified after one week and the area of each neovascularized region was measured. A near-infrared fluorescent probe of 20 μmol/L Cy5.5 labeled LHT7（LHT7-Cy5.5） in 0.02 mL solution was topically instilled onto the cornea in the experimental group（n=5）. Free-Cy5.5 of 20 μmol/L in 0.02 mL was instilled in the control group（n=5）. In vivo optical images were obtained before instillation and 5 min, 2, 4, and 6 h after instillation. The intensities were separately measured at the superior cornea（SC） and the IC. RESULTS： The mean CoNV areas were 1.97±0.17 mm^2 and 1.92±0.96 mm^2 in the experimental and control groups, respectively（P=0.832）. The SC remained normal in all 10 subject animals. The IC intensity of the LHT7-Cy5.5 was greater than the SC intensity at 5 min（P=0.038）, 2 h（P=0.041）, and 4 h（P=0.041） after application. The IC intensity fell to less than half of its initial value（42.9%±8.6%） at 6 h in the experimental group. In the control mice, here were no significant differences in the free-Cy5.5 intensity between the IC and SC. CONCLUSION： Topically administered LHT7 shows a high biodistribution in CoNV areas for 4 h and should be reapplied accordingly to maintain its effects. In vivo optical imaging can be a useful tool for evaluating the ocular biodistribution of a drug in an animal model.

Utilizing Water Treatment Residuals for Phosphorus Removal:Batch Trials,Column Trials and Effects of Three Low-Molecular-Weight Organic Acids

Phosphorus( P) has been recognized as a major limited nutrient responsible for the eutrophication of surface waters. Water treatment residuals( WTRs) are safe by-products of water treatment plants and are cost-efficient adsorbents. In this study, batch experiments and column experiments based on WTRs were employed to study the characteristics of P adsorption and the effects of lowmolecular-weight organic acids( LMWOAs)( citric acid, oxalic acid,and tartaric acid) on P adsorption. Different models of adsorption were used to describe equilibrium and kinetic data. The adsorption data were fitted well by a pseudo-second order kinetic model. The adsorption process was determined to be controlled by three steps of diffusion mechanisms through the intra-particle model.The adsorption equilibrium was well described by the Langmuir,Freundlich,Redlich-Peterson,and Sips isotherm models. Batch and continuous flow experiments indicated that the LMWOAs exhibited inhibitory action,and as pH increased,the inhibitory action became weaker for all the three acids. The effect of LMWOAs concentration was not significant on inhibition. The effects of LMWOAs were closely related to reaction time.

Oral Low-Molecular Weight Hyaluronic Acid in the Treatment of Atrophic Vaginitis

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of low molecular weight hyaluronic acid oral tablets for the treatment of atrophic vaginitis. 12 women with atrophic vaginitis were recruited for this double blind, placebo-controlled study. Patients were randomized to receive either low molecular weight hyaluronic acid (HA) oral tablets or placebo for three months. Vaginal biopsies were taken at baseline and after three months of treatment, and vaginal epithelium was analysed using light microscopy. The evaluation of symptoms was self-assessed by the patients. Biopsies from HA group showed an epithelium thicker than in placebo group. The lamina propria from the HA group also showed a denser appearance compared to placebo group. Morphometric analysis showed significant differences between HA and baseline in the number of epithelial layers and in the thickness. The evaluation of symptoms also showed an effective improvement in the patients treated with HA, compared to baseline and to placebo group. In conclusion, oral administration of HA tablets improved the vaginal epithelium, decreasing atrophy. This can be an ideal option for patients with atrophic vaginitis who do not want to or can not take estrogen and show low compliance toward vaginal administration.

Investigation of the Low Molecular Weight Thiol Composition in a Metastatic Prostate Cancer Cell Line (LNCaP) by LC-UV-MS and NMR after Labelling with the Ellman Reagent

The low molecular weight thiols present in the deproteinized extract of a prostate cancer cell line (LNCaP-FGC) were analysed after derivatization with the Ellman reagent (ESSE). The mixed disulphides formed (RSSE) were fractionated, characterized and quantified by liquid chromatography on a C-18 column using UV detection. This revealed the presence, in femtomoles per cell, of glutathione (8.30 ± 0.73), cysteine (2.71 ± 0.04) and cysteinylglycine (0.83 ± 0.10), accounting for the bulk of the thiol present. Further analysis of the cell extracts using a novel and sensitive mass spectrometry technique allowed the detection of low level of an additional derivative which was identified as cysteinylglycerate using NMRspectroscopy.

The Safety and Feasibility of Low-Molecular-Weight He-parin Prophylaxis in Major Abdominal Surgery Combined with Neuraxial Anesthesia

Background: Global guidelines for venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis of patients undergoing major surgery are well established. However, their applicability and safety in patients receiving neuraxial anesthesia is unproven. We sought to evaluate the safety and feasibility of chemical VTE prophylaxis in a prospective group of patients undergoing major foregut procedures under a combination of epidural and general anesthesia. Methods: A prospective database of all patients undergoing major foregut surgery from 2004-2009 was maintained and analyzed. Epidural catheters were placed pre-operatively and used for post-operative analgesia for three days in all patients. Factors evaluated included age, ethnicity, sex, length of stay, duration of epidural placement, complications of epidural placement and post-operative management, and VTE events. A uniform protocol was followed regarding the timing of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) administration with epidural catheter insertion/removal. Results: A total of 237 patients formed the study group. The mean age was 57 years (range, 19 - 88) among 121 (51.1%) women and 65 years (range, 20 - 95) among 116 (48.9%) men. One hundred and sixty-six patients were Caucasian (70%), 37 Black (15.6%), 15 Hispanic (6.3%), 12 Asian/Pacific (5.1%), and 7 other (3%). All epidural catheters were removed on the third post-operative day. There were a total of five VTE (2.1%) events postoperatively. No peri-operative or post-operative epidural catheter associated complications occurred. Conclusions: Concomitant epidural catheterization and LMWH anticoagulation is safe and feasible in major abdominal surgery patients, including those undergoing major hepatic resection. Guidelines for VTE prophylaxis and LMWH administration in the setting of neuraxial anesthesia are well established and applicable to this unique patient population.

Impact of Pharmaceutical Care on Self-Administration of Outpatient Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin Therapy

Outpatient subcutaneous (s.c.) therapies are becoming more and more common in the treatment of different diseases. The effectiveness of community-pharmacy-based interventions in preventing problems that arise during s.c. self-injections of low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWH) is unknown. Our objective was to provide a standard operating procedure (SOP) for community pharmacists and to compare pharmaceutical vs. standard care in both clinical and daily life settings. We hypothesized that: pharmaceutical care results in improved adherence, safety, and satisfaction, and in fewer complications;the interventions used are feasible in daily life;and the results achieved in clinical and daily life settings are comparable. In the clinical setting (randomized controlled trial), patients were recruited sequentially in hospital wards;in the daily life setting (quasi-experimental design with a comparison group), recruitment took place in community pharmacies by pharmacists and trained master students during their internship. Interventions were offered according to patient needs. Data were collected by means of a monitored self-injection at home and structured questionnaire-based telephone interviews at the beginning and the end of the LMWH treatment. The main outcome measures were: scores to assess patient’s skills;syringe count to assess adherence;and frequency, effectiveness, and patient’s assessment of received interventions. The results show a median age of the 139 patients of 54 years. Interventions resulted in improved application quality (p p = 0.03). Oral instructions were pivotal for improving patients’ application quality. We found no significant score differences between the intervention groups in the clinical and daily life settings. Patients’ baseline skills were high, with the lowest score being 0.86 (score range ?2.00 to +2.00). Adherence rate was high (95.8%). In conclusion, our SOP for pharmacist interventions was of good quality, adequate, appreciated, and feasible in daily life. Patients are capable of managing s.c. injection therapies if adequate assistance is provided.

Evaluation of a Dose-Monitoring Method for Prophylactic Anticoagulant Therapy with Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin

Objective: In the present study, we report on the results of our investigation of optimum dose monitoring using coagulation and fibrinolytic system indicators during obstetric prophylactic anticoagulant therapy with enoxaparin. Study Design: Of 103 cases of cesarean section performed at our hospital, 37 cases were selected for this study after obtain ing their consent for blood collection. Variables of the coagulation and fibrinolytic systems [anti-factor Xa activity, endogenous thrombin potential (ETP), prothrombin time (PT) or international normalized ratio (INR), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and D-dimer levels] were determined. Results: In the 5-day administration group, the anti-factor Xa activitywas 0.0 U/ml on the postoperative day 1, increased to 0.05 U/ml ± 0.04 U/ml on the postoperative day 3, and mildly increased to 0.06 U/ml ± 0.05 U/ml on the postoperative day 5. On the other hand, the anti-factor Xa activity in the 3-day administration group was 0.0 U/ml on the postoperative day 1 (before enoxaparin administration), increased to 0.06 U/ml ± 0.05 U/ml on the postoperative day 3, and significantly decreased to 0.02 U/ml ± 0.03 U/ml on the postoperative day 5 (p = 0.003);thus, the pattern of change was significantly different from that in the 5-day administration group (p = 0.004). Enoxaparin administration did not result in any significant fluctuation of the ETP, and no significant difference was observed between the 5-day and 3-day administration groups. Conclusion: Enoxaparin administration was associated with increase of the anti-factor Xa activity, and prolonged administration led to more sustained increase of the activity.

低分子肝素钙联合来曲唑治疗PCOS不孕症效果及对血浆D-D、FPA影响

目的:探讨低分子肝素钙联合来曲唑治疗多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)不孕症疗效及对血浆D-二聚体(D-D)、纤维蛋白肽A(FPA)的影响。方法:将2020年10月-2022年10月本院就诊的90例PCOS不孕症患者随机分两组,均给予来曲唑治疗,联合组联合低分子肝素钙治疗,比较两组疗效及血浆D-二聚体(D-D)、纤维蛋白肽A(FPA)水平变化。结果:联合组总有效率(93.3%)高于常规组(77.8%),治疗后3、12个月后排卵率及妊娠率均高于常规组,子宫动脉阻力指数(0.62±0.07)、搏动指数(1.54±0.26)低于常规组(0.75±0.08、1.91±0.32),子宫内膜厚度(9.92±1.58 mm)高于常规组(8.76±1.44mm),血浆D-D(0.32±0.09mg/L)、FPA(8.52±2.39mg/L)低于常规组(3.56±0.48 mg/L、11.71±3.30mg/L)(P<0.05),两组不良反应(17.8%、11.1%)无差异(P>0.05)。结论:低分子肝素钙与来曲唑联合治疗PCOS不孕症疗效提高,可促进患者排卵及妊娠,改善血浆D-D、FPA水平,且安全性良好。

川芎嗪联合低分子肝素钙对妊娠期子痫前期孕妇sFlt-1、VEGF、PLGF、ET-1水平及妊娠结局的影响

目的:探讨妊娠期子痫前期孕妇采用川芎嗪联合低分子肝素钙治疗对其血清可溶性FMS样酪氨酸激酶-1(Soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1,sFlt-1)、血管内皮细胞生长因子(Vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)、胎盘生长因子(Placental growth factor,PLGF)、内皮素-1(Endothelin-1,ET-1)水平及妊娠结局的影响。方法:选取2022年1月至2023年1月我院收治的102例妊娠期子痫前期孕妇开展前瞻性研究,将102例孕妇随机分为参照组(51例)、联合组(51例)。参照组采用低分子肝素钙治疗,联合组采用低分子肝素钙+川芎嗪治疗。对比两组治疗前后舒张压、收缩压、平均动脉压、24 h尿蛋白定量、血浆D-二聚体(D-dimer,D-D)、纤维蛋白原(Fibrinogen,FIB)、凝血酶时间(Thrombin time,TT)、凝血酶原时间(Prothrombin time,PT)、血清sFlt-1、VEGF、PLGF、ET-1水平,以及两组终止妊娠孕周、新生儿体质量、Apgar评分、新生儿窒息占比。结果:治疗后联合组舒张压、收缩压、平均动脉压、24 h尿蛋白定量、血浆D-D、FIB、血清sFlt-1、ET-1水平低于治疗前、参照组,血浆TT、PT、血清VEGF、PLGF水平高于治疗前、参照组;联合组终止妊娠孕周长于参照组,新生儿体质量、Apgar评分高于参照组(P<0.05);两组新生儿窒息占比差异无统计学意义。结论:川芎嗪联合低分子肝素钙治疗可降低妊娠期子痫前期孕妇血压水平,减少尿蛋白,改善凝血功能,减轻内皮损伤,从而延长孕周、提高新生儿体质量、Apgar评分,可为临床治疗妊娠期子痫前期提供参考依据。

β-1,3-葡聚糖内切酶合成、制备及应用研究进展

β-1,3-葡聚糖内切酶是一类广泛存在于细菌、真菌和某些植物中,并能够水解β-葡聚糖产生不同分子量葡聚糖的酶。低分子量葡聚糖具有抗菌、抗氧化、免疫调节和抗肿瘤的生理活性,已在医药、食品、化工等多个领域显现良好的应用前景。目前生产低分子量葡聚糖的方法主要包括物理、化学和酶降解法。相较于物理和化学降解法,酶降解法具有催化效率高、反应条件温和、收率高及对环境友好等特点,但现阶段已开发的β-1, 3-葡聚糖内切酶的酶活性和稳定性仍无法满足工业化生产的需求。因此,开发适用于工业化生产的β-1,3-葡聚糖内切酶,已成为跨越通过降解高分子量葡聚糖制备低分子量葡聚糖技术壁垒的关键。本文系统介绍了β-1,3-葡聚糖内切酶的合成调节、特点、用于低分子量葡聚糖的制备以及工艺的优化等方面的研究进展,为促进β-1,3-葡聚糖内切酶的研究和工业化应用提供参考。