Microstructure and mechanical properties of high-strength low alloy steel by wire and arc additive manufacturing

A high-building multi-directional pipe joint(HBMDPJ)was fabricated by wire and arc additive manufacturing using high-strength low-alloy(HSLA)steel.The microstructure characteristics and transformation were observed and analyzed.The results show that the forming part includes four regions.The solidification zone solidifies as typical columnar crystals from a molten pool.The complete austenitizing zone forms from the solidification zone heated to a temperature greater than 1100℃,and the typical columnar crystals in this zone are difficult to observe.The partial austenitizing zone forms from the completely austenite zone heated between Ac1(austenite transition temperature)and1100℃,which is mainly equiaxed grains.After several thermal cycles,the partial austenitizing zone transforms to the tempering zone,which consistes of fully equiaxed grains.From the solidification zone to the tempering zone,the average grain size decreases from 75 to20μm.The mechanical properties of HBMDPJ satisfies the requirement for the intended application.

The micro structure of high carbon low alloy steel for easy drawing

For better processing performance of high carbon low alloy steel wire rod,an investigation about the influence of cementite lamellar spacing on wire 'easy drawing' performance is completed.It is pointed out that too thin cementite lamellar spacing(<80 um) reduces the strain hardening level of wire drawing, and reduce the torsion performance of drawn wire at same time.For the wire or wire rod from industrial production,compared with the micro-structure with troostite,the micro-structure with sorbite or sorbite mixed with pearlite is more suitable to the drawing process with high reduction ratio.

Present situation and countermeasure of low-alloy spring steel wire rod for domestic automobile

The variety,inner quality and surface quality of low-alloy spring steel wire rod for domestic automobile is summarized in detail.And according to commercial low-alloy spring steel wire rod variety, product quality level and its actual application situation on automobile supplied by present industrially developed country metallurgy enterprises,it is pointed that the variety of low-alloy spring steel wire rod for domestic automobile can't satisfy the requirements of automobile industry development,compare with overseas advanced technology,product quality has the following gaps:the first is that steel purity is low,the control level of non-metallic inclusions is not steady,there is often large grain difficult deforming non-deformation inclusions existing,the control level of steel purity has big difference,the level of large steel factory is high,but its steady has a large gap compare with foreign advanced level,not to mention small steel factory which research and development powder is low.The second is surface complete decarburization can' t be avoided completely.The third is that surface defects are more.The fourth is that composition segregation and structure segregation are not steady,steel wire can't be drawn normally when the segregation is serious. In all,the segregation of 55SiCrA is superior to 60Si2MnA obviously.The industrialization of domestic high level low-alloy spring steel wire rod can't seek quick success and instant benefits,independent innovation perseveringly must be adopted,the success may be reached after master core technologies and adopt the science way of step by step.

A Transmission Electron Microscopy Study of Plate Martensite Formation in High-carbon Low Alloy Steels

The martensitic microstructures in two high-carbon low alloy steels have been investigated by classical and automated crystallographic analysis under a transmission electron microscope. It is found that the martensitic substructure changes from consisting mostly of transformation twins for 1.20 mass% carbon （C） steel to both transformation twins and planar defects on {101}M for 1.67 mass% C steel. In the 1.67 mass% C steel it is further found that small martensite units have a rather homogeneous substructure, while large martensite units are more inhomogeneous. In addition, the martensite units in both steels are frequently found to be of zigzag patterns and have distinct crystallographic relationships with neighboring martensite units, e.g. kink or wedge couplings. Based on the present findings the development of martensite in high-carbon low alloy steels is discussed and a schematic of the martensite formation is presented. Moreover, whether the schematic view can be applied to plate martensite formation in general, is discussed.

精炼钢水造渣分级管控的研究与应用

结合不同钢种精炼造渣特点和钢水进精炼期间不同的生产条件,以普碳低合金钢HRB400E系列、优质碳素高碳钢65#系列以及板坯普碳钢Q235B系列为例进行研究,在原先精炼造渣的基础上进一步实施精炼钢水顶渣造渣分级管控,通过对不同钢种、不同硫含量等条件下精炼造渣分级管控措施的落实,实现精炼造渣效率有效提升、钢材质量稳步提高、精炼系统成本有效降低,进一步推动炼钢系统精细化管理向好、向深发展。

Effect of Austempering–Partitioning on the Bainitic Transformation and Mechanical Properties of a High-Carbon Steel

The 1.1C-1.5Si-1.1Mn1.4Cr-0.5Mo-0.6Al-0.6Co （in wt%） steel was treated, respectively, by isothermal austempering process and newly developed austempering-partitioning-tempering process （A-P-T）. After austempering at 250, 280 and 300 ℃ for 38, 20 and 10 h, respectively, the sample microstructures were composed of bainitic ferrite plates and film-like retained austenite with thicknesses between 60 and 150 nm. The highest tensile strength of 2003 MPa and hardness value of 53.9 HRC were obtained for the steel after austempering at 250 ℃ for 38 h, resulting from the combining effect of super-saturated martensite decarburization and stabilization of bainitic formation. After A-P-T treating （heated at 300 ℃ for 8 h following water cooling, and then heated at 300 ℃ for 2 h following air cooling）, bamboo leaf-like martensite, primary and secondary bainites and retained austenite were observed. The thickness of the secondary bainitic ferrite plates formed during partitioning is much smaller than that of the primary bainite formed during 300 ℃ austempering. Samples subjected to A-P-T treatment showed improvement in ductility compared to that subjected to austempering.

Q235和Q345材料的异型管弯曲成型质量的仿真研究

由于管坯不同材料的力学特性的差异、热硬化指数、厚向异性系数以及延伸率都不同,使得不同强度钢材在弯曲成型过程中出现各种质量问题。为判断不同材料下不同截面大小的异型管弯曲不同角度成型时对管坯质量的影响,建立了Q235和Q345两种材料弯曲30°~90°的12种工况下的有限元模型。研究结果表明:同一截面尺寸的不同材料,对管坯中面高度缩减率和壁厚减薄率影响规律一致;不同截面尺寸大小的同一材料,其最大中面高度缩减率和最大壁厚减薄率数据相差甚大;临界弯曲角度为60°,超出临界弯曲角度,管坯截面尺寸小且大角度弯曲时,其最大壁厚减薄率呈急速加大趋势,此时严重影响管坯成型质量。

高线盘螺低温轧制工艺技术研究与应用

本文探讨了水钢一高线盘螺采用低温轧制的实践与应用。通过降低出炉温度、预穿水温度及吐丝温度,并结合除磷装置、环形喷雾、密集辊道喷雾冷却以及风机风道内喷雾装置的应用,实现了低温轧制工艺的优化。研究发现,低温轧制不仅能提高高线盘螺的物理性能,而且能有效降低合金成本。

轧制工艺及时效时间对大规格高碳钢线材性能的影响

大规格高碳钢线材轧后自然放置一段时间后的力学性能发生较大变化 ,尤其是线材的断面收缩率提高较为明显。通过对13mm的 82B高碳钢线材在不同时段残余应力的测定分析 。

60Si2Mn弹簧钢加热温度对表面脱碳的影响

表面脱碳是高速线材生产的重要问题之一。在考虑碳扩散和氧化因素后，理论计算了加热温度对60Si2Mn弹簧钢表面脱碳影响的规律，表明在900～1000％加热温度下60Si2Mn弹簧钢脱碳层厚度存在最小值，此结果与60Si2Mn弹簧钢氧化脱碳试验结果一致。结合钢的相变进一步分析了不同加热温度下表面脱碳层形貌变化的规律，并简要介绍了脱碳控制的主要途径。

低合金钢高浓度渗碳的组织与性能

探讨了低合金钢在８２０ ℃～８６０ ℃固体高浓度渗碳的工艺及其组织与性能。结果表明，高浓度渗碳工艺可在钢的表面形成大量细粒状、弥散分布的碳化物，使钢具有高硬度、高耐磨性。

碳含量对腐蚀条件下低碳高合金钢冲击磨损性能的影响

在冲击、腐蚀磨损条件下,对不同碳含量的新型衬板用低碳高合金钢的磨损行为进行比较,采用金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪观察分析合金组织、其亚表层金相组织及冲击腐蚀磨损表面形貌,对合金组织和在腐蚀环境下的冲击磨损机制进行探讨.结果表明:与含碳量为0.16%、0.25%的低碳高合金钢相比,碳含量为0.21%的低碳高合金钢在腐蚀环境下具有最佳的抗冲击磨损性能,其磨损机制以疲劳剥层为主.

时效处理对高碳钢盘条性能的影响

研究了时效处理时间对SWRH72B和SWRH82B高碳钢盘条抗拉强度和断面收缩率的影响规律,测量了材料中氢含量的变化,用扫描电镜分析了高碳钢盘条拉伸断口形貌的变化。结果表明,经过时效处理后,SWRH72B和SWRH82B高碳钢盘条的抗拉强度变化不大,但断面收缩率提高50%以上;随着时效时间的延长,盘条中氢含量逐渐降低;未经充分时效处理的拉伸断口上存在白圈,时效处理后白圈消失。

钒氮合金在高碳钢WSWRH82B中的应用

介绍了钒氮合金在高碳钢盘条W SWRH82B中的应用,钒氮微合金化对W SWRH82B钢组织和性能的影响;根据实验室模拟不同冷却工艺对含钒氮钢组织、性能影响的结果,提出了开发2 000 MPa及其以上超高强度钢绞线用盘条钢中的钒、氮元素的合理加入量;根据含钒氮钢中钒氮化物在冷却过程中的析出行为,分析了析出机制。

锰含量对衬板用低碳高合金钢组织和性能的影响

用光学金相显微镜、衍射仪及显微硬度计,研究了锰含量对衬板用低碳高合金钢组织和性能的影响。结果表明,当锰含量由2.0%增加到3.0%时,合金的退火态组织由上贝氏体+屈氏体转变为马氏体,淬火回火后均为单相板条马氏体组织。随锰含量的增加,硬度稍有增大,冲击韧度下降,均匀耐腐蚀性有所降低。含锰量为2%的低碳高合金钢达到了矿山用衬板的使用要求,从成本考虑,是更经济的。

高碳钢线材表面缺陷分析

针对武钢高碳钢线材表面缺陷造成的危害,采用表面酸洗、金相及扫描电镜等分析方法对线材表面存在的缺陷进行了系统的分析,确定了缺陷类型,分析了形成原因,提出了改进措施,这些措施实施后,基本消除了高碳钢线材的表面质量缺陷。

82B线材在斯太尔摩线上的温度场模拟

采用商用marc/mentent有限元软件,利用marc软件的用户扩展接口,开发fortran语言相变潜热处理模块,模拟高碳钢线材在斯太尔摩线上的传热及相变过程,所得模拟结果与实测结果吻合。运用该模拟研究平台可对现场控冷工艺进行有效分析。

960 MPa高强钢金属粉芯型药芯焊丝焊缝金属韧化机理

针对960 MPa高强钢研制了以Mn,Ni,Mo和Cr元素为主要合金体系,以Ti,B,Nb和Al元素为微合金元素的金属粉芯型药芯焊丝.采用熔化极气体保护焊进行施焊,通过拉伸试验和低温冲击试验等方法对接头力学性能进行了测试,结合金相组织观察、断口扫描、能谱分析和透射电镜观察等对合金元素的作用机理进行了分析.结果表明,接头抗拉强度平均值为952.24 MPa,-20℃焊缝低温冲击吸收功平均值为70 J,研制的焊丝在保证接头强度的同时有效改善了焊缝金属的低温冲击吸收功.在药芯成分中,主要合金元素起固溶强化和弥散强化作用,微合金元素通过细化晶粒、抑制块状铁素体析出和增加针状铁素体形核率等方式改善低温冲击性能.