Despite lung cancer(LC) screening by low-dose computerized tomography(LDCT) gaining many proponents worldwide, for many years it was not recognized as a life-prolonging and cost-effective procedure, until recently. Pr...Despite lung cancer(LC) screening by low-dose computerized tomography(LDCT) gaining many proponents worldwide, for many years it was not recognized as a life-prolonging and cost-effective procedure, until recently. Prospective observational studies had not been able to prove that this screening prolongs survival, but they helped to specify the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Long-awaited results of a prospective, randomized trial finally provided the evidence that LC screening with LDCT can prolong survival of the screened population. Several costeffectiveness analyses were performed to justify mass introduction of this screening. Results of these analyses are equivocal, although conclusions highly depend upon inclusion and exclusion criteria, methods of analysis and prices of medical procedures which differ between countries as well as the incidence of other pulmonary nodules, especially tuberculosis. Therefore, costeffectiveness analysis should be performed separately for every country. Cost-effectiveness depends especially upon the rate of false-positive results and the rate of unnecessary diagnostic, screening and treatment procedures. To ensure high cost-effectiveness, LC screening should be performed in accordance with screening protocol, in dedicated screening centers equipped with nodule volume change analysis, or as a prospective non-randomized trial, to ensure compliance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria. To ensure high cost-effectiveness of LC screening, future research should concentrate on determination of highrisk groups and further specifying the inclusion and exclusion criteria.展开更多
长期储能(long-duration energy storage,LDES)技术的不断发展成熟为解决新型电力系统季节性供需不平衡问题提供了有效途径。现有研究对LDES技术经济参数的发展情况和不同组合对LDES配置需求和成本效益的影响尚缺乏精细化分析,难以准确...长期储能(long-duration energy storage,LDES)技术的不断发展成熟为解决新型电力系统季节性供需不平衡问题提供了有效途径。现有研究对LDES技术经济参数的发展情况和不同组合对LDES配置需求和成本效益的影响尚缺乏精细化分析,难以准确探究LDES的灵活性潜力。为此,该文分析考虑技术经济性的LDES规划特性,面向新型电力系统建立内嵌年度8760h全景时序运行模拟的多时间尺度储能协调优化规划模型。算例基于我国西北某区域实际数据,评估LDES技术经济参数的不同组合与LDES成本效益水平、优化配置结构和对短期储能替代作用的关系。结果表明,LDES的成本效益受储能容量成本和放电效率的影响最大,在低碳转型发展背景下引入LDES最多可以降低电力系统40%左右的总成本。展开更多
文摘Despite lung cancer(LC) screening by low-dose computerized tomography(LDCT) gaining many proponents worldwide, for many years it was not recognized as a life-prolonging and cost-effective procedure, until recently. Prospective observational studies had not been able to prove that this screening prolongs survival, but they helped to specify the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Long-awaited results of a prospective, randomized trial finally provided the evidence that LC screening with LDCT can prolong survival of the screened population. Several costeffectiveness analyses were performed to justify mass introduction of this screening. Results of these analyses are equivocal, although conclusions highly depend upon inclusion and exclusion criteria, methods of analysis and prices of medical procedures which differ between countries as well as the incidence of other pulmonary nodules, especially tuberculosis. Therefore, costeffectiveness analysis should be performed separately for every country. Cost-effectiveness depends especially upon the rate of false-positive results and the rate of unnecessary diagnostic, screening and treatment procedures. To ensure high cost-effectiveness, LC screening should be performed in accordance with screening protocol, in dedicated screening centers equipped with nodule volume change analysis, or as a prospective non-randomized trial, to ensure compliance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria. To ensure high cost-effectiveness of LC screening, future research should concentrate on determination of highrisk groups and further specifying the inclusion and exclusion criteria.
文摘长期储能(long-duration energy storage,LDES)技术的不断发展成熟为解决新型电力系统季节性供需不平衡问题提供了有效途径。现有研究对LDES技术经济参数的发展情况和不同组合对LDES配置需求和成本效益的影响尚缺乏精细化分析,难以准确探究LDES的灵活性潜力。为此,该文分析考虑技术经济性的LDES规划特性,面向新型电力系统建立内嵌年度8760h全景时序运行模拟的多时间尺度储能协调优化规划模型。算例基于我国西北某区域实际数据,评估LDES技术经济参数的不同组合与LDES成本效益水平、优化配置结构和对短期储能替代作用的关系。结果表明,LDES的成本效益受储能容量成本和放电效率的影响最大,在低碳转型发展背景下引入LDES最多可以降低电力系统40%左右的总成本。
