Low cycle fatigue behavior of the extruded AZ80 magnesium alloy under different strain amplitudes and strain rates

Low cycle fatigue behavior of extruded AZ80 magnesium alloy was investigated under uniaxial tension-compression at different strain amplitudes and strain rates.The results show that the extruded AZ80 magnesium alloy exhibits cyclic hardening at strain amplitudes ranging from 0.4%to 1.0%,the asymmetry of hysteresis loops becomes increasingly obvious when the strain amplitude increases.Higher strain rates correspond to higher stress amplitudes,high mean stresses and short fatigue life.{10–12}extension twins play a role in the cyclic deformation under higher strain amplitudes(0.8%,1.0%).The relationship between total strain energy density and fatigue life can be described by the modified Morrow model.The effect of strain rate on the fatigue life can also be predicted by the model.

Low Cycle Fatigue and Strengthening Mechanism of Cold Extruded Large Diameter Internal Thread of Q460 Steel

large diameter internal thread of high-strength steel（LDITHSS） manufactured by traditional methods always has the problems of low accuracy and short life. Compared with traditional methods, the cold extrusion process is an effective means to realize higher accuracy and longer life. The low-cycle fatigue properties of LDITHSS are obtained by experiments, and the initiation and propagation of fatigue cracks are observed by scanning electron microscope（SEM）. Based on the mechanical properties, surface microstructure and residual stress, the strengthening mechanism of cold extruded large diameter internal thread（LDIT） is discussed. The results show that new grains or sub-grains can be formed on the surface of LDIT due to grain segmentation and grain refinement during cold extrusion. The fibrous structures appear as elongated and streamlined along the normal direction of the tooth surface which leads to residual compressive stress on the extruded surface. The maximum tension stress of LDIT after cold extrusion is found to be 192.55 k N. Under low stress cycling, the yield stress on thread increases, the propagation rate of crack reduces, the fatigue life is thus improved significantly with decreasing surface grain diameter and the average fatigue life increases to 45.539×10~3 cycle when the maximum applied load decreases to 120 k N. The low cycle fatigue and strengthening mechanism of cold extruded LDIT revealed by this research has significant importance to promote application of internal thread by cold extrusion processing.

EFFECT OF DYNAMIC STRAIN AGING ON LOW CYCLE FATIGUE BEHAVIOUR OF 18-8 AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL

Studies were made of the symmetric tensile-compressive low cycle fatigue behaviour and the influence of dynamic strain aging(DSA)pre-treatment of 18-8 austenitic stainless steel. Within the testing amplitude range of strain.±0.5 % to±1.5 %,the three processes of cyclic hardening,cyclic saturation and cyclic softening were observed.In the same amplitude of strain,the peak stress of the samples pre-treated by DSA is higher than that of solid-solu- tion and cold working pre-treatment,but no remarkable differences of the fatigue lives of them were found.TEM observation shows that the uniform and stable dislocation networks with high density form after DSA pre-treatment,which increases the cyclic peak stress.The cyclic softening results from the low dislocation density and elongated cell structure with low energy.

Effect of Strain Ratio on Fatigue Model of Ultra-fine Grained Pure Titanium

The ultra-fine grained(UFG)pure titanium was prepared by equal channel angular pressing(ECAP)and rotary swaging(RS).The strain controlled low cycle fatigue(LCF)test was carried out at room temperature.The fatigue life prediction model and mean stress relaxation model under asymmetrical stress load were discussed.The results show that the strain ratio has a significant effect on the low cycle fatigue performance of the UFG pure titanium,and the traditional Manson-coffin model can not accurately predict the fatigue life under asymmetric stress load.Therefore,the SWT mean stress correction model and three-parameter power curve model are proposed,and the test results are verified.The final research shows that the threeparameter power surface model has better representation.By studying the mean stress relaxation phenomenon under the condition of R≠-1,it is revealed that the stress ratio and the strain amplitude are the factors that significantly afiect the mean stress relaxation rate,and the mean stress relaxation model with the two variables is calculated to describe the mean stress relaxation phenomenon of the UFG pure titanium under different strain ratios.The fracture morphology of the samples was observed by SEM,and it was concluded that the final fracture zone of the fatigue fracture of the UFG pure titanium was a mixture of ductile fracture and quasi cleavage fracture.The toughness of the material increases with the increase of strain ratio at the same strain amplitude.

PROBABILISTIC METHODOLOGY OF LOW CYCLE FATIGUE ANALYSIS

The cyclic stress-strain responses (CSSR), Neuber's rule (NR) and cyclic strain-life relation (CSLR) are treated as probabilistic curves in local stress and strain method of low cycle fatigue analysis. The randomness of loading and the theory of fatigue damage accumulation (TOFDA) are considered. The probabilistic analysis of local stress, local strain and fatigue life are constructed based on the first-order Taylor's series expansions. Through this method proposed fatigue reliability analysis can be accomplished.

Enhancing fatigue performance of AZ31 magnesium alloy components fabricated by cold metal transfer-based wire arc directed energy deposition through LPB

Cold Metal Transfer-Based Wire Arc Directed Energy Deposition(CMT-WA-DED)presents a promising avenue for the rapid fabrication of components crucial to automotive,shipbuilding,and aerospace industries.However,the susceptibility to fatigue of CMT-WA-DED-produced AZ31 Mg alloy components has impeded their widespread adoption for critical load-bearing applications.In this study,a comprehensive investigation into the fatigue behaviour of WA-DED-fabricated AZ31 Mg alloy has been carried out and compared to commercially available wrought AZ31 alloy.Our findings indicate that the as-deposited parts exhibit a lower fatigue life than wrought Mg alloy,primarily due to poor surface finish,tensile residual stress,porosity,and coarse grain microstructure inherent in the WA-DED process.Low Plasticity Burnishing(LPB)treatment is applied to mitigate these issues,which induce significant plastic deformation on the surface.This treatment resulted in a remarkable improvement of fatigue life by 42%,accompanied by a reduction in surface roughness,grain refinement and enhancement of compressive residual stress levels.Furthermore,during cyclic deformation,WA-DED specimens exhibited higher plasticity and dislocation density compared to both wrought and WA-DED+LPB specimens.A higher fraction of Low Angle Grain Boundaries(LAGBs)in WA-DED specimens contributed to multiple crack initiation sites and convoluted crack paths,ultimately leading to premature failure.In contrast,wrought and WA-DED+LPB specimens displayed a higher percentage of High Angle Grain Boundaries(HAGBs),which hindered dislocation movement and resulted in fewer crack initiation sites and less complex crack paths,thereby extending fatigue life.These findings underscore the effectiveness of LPB as a post-processing technique to enhance the fatigue performance of WA-DED-fabricated AZ31 Mg alloy components.Our study highlights the importance of LPB surface treatment on AZ31 Mg components produced by CMT-WA-DED to remove surface defects,enabling their widespread use in load-bearing applications.

Low cycle fatigue estimation of low yield point steel

With the development of technology for earthquake resistant,the research of the low yield point(LYP) steel which used for the fabrication of energy dissipation damper were paid more and more attention.The common studies of the low yield point steel is mainly about the performance with constant amplitude and constant frequency.The low cycle fatigue properties of low yield piont steel were studied by series of test with continuous varying amplitude and varying frequency with the materials testing system by us.The test results showed that low yield point steel of Baosteel have excellent low cycle fatigue properties,which meet the requirement for steel used for the fabrication of energy dissipation damper completely.The low cycle fatigue performance of low yield point steel of Baosteel mainly depended on the amplitude in test.And the effect of varying frequency for the low yield point steel was more less than varying amplitude.

热冲击高强钢焊接接头的低周疲劳及断裂机理研究

为了研究热冲击下高强钢焊接接头的低周疲劳性能及断裂机理,用电弧焊焊接Q345结构钢,分别在-20~400℃、-40~650℃、-60~900℃下对焊接接头进行循环冲击,用疲劳试验机加载低周疲劳载荷,分析热冲击温度对低周疲劳性能及疲劳强度的影响,并用扫描电子显微镜等分析焊接接头的断裂机理。结果表明:相同疲劳加载次数下,焊接接头的总应变幅值随热冲击循环次数的增加匀速下降;相同热冲击循环次数下,疲劳加载次数越多,焊接接头的应变幅值越小;相同疲劳加载次数和相同热冲击循环次数下,随冲击温度范围的扩大,焊接接头的总应变幅值逐渐减小,但总应变幅值整体变化与冲击温度范围正相关。

不同控制模式下316L不锈钢的高温疲劳变形行为及寿命预测

在550℃下对核电用316L不锈钢进行应变控制(应变幅在0.3%~1.2%)、应力控制(应力幅在230~300 MPa)低周疲劳试验和应变控制蠕变疲劳试验(3种波形,拉伸保载60,180,600 s,压缩保载60,180 s,拉压对称保载180 s),通过疲劳寿命、循环响应特征和应力-应变滞回曲线分析了不同控制模式下试验钢的疲劳变形行为;构建疲劳寿命预测模型,评估了Manson-Coffin-Basquin模型、SWT模型和能量法模型对不同控制模式下试验钢疲劳寿命的预测能力。结果表明:在不同控制模式的疲劳循环载荷下,316L不锈钢的循环应力响应均包括循环硬化、循环软化和失效断裂3个阶段;在低周疲劳试验中,疲劳寿命随应变幅或应力幅的增大而缩短;在蠕变疲劳试验中,疲劳寿命随拉伸保载时间的延长而缩短,随压缩保载时间的延长而增大,这与动态应变时效和蠕变对疲劳损伤的综合作用有关;在相同保载时间下,压缩保载下的疲劳寿命比拉伸保载下的短,这与不同加载方向引起的氧化层致裂机制有关。能量法模型对316L不锈钢在不同控制模式下的疲劳寿命预测精度最高,预测精度在1.5倍误差带以内,Manson-Coffin-Basquin模型的预测精度最低。

低周疲劳的结构应变法在铁路货车上的工程应用

为了开展铁路货车车体焊接结构的低周疲劳寿命预测,详细推导了理想弹塑性结构应变计算理论,基于计算理论进行了程序设计,并通过焊接接头试验进行了验证.进一步开展了平面应变焊接接头模型的仿真计算结果和结构应变法计算结果的对比,探讨结构应变法的使用条件.最后,将虚拟台架与结构应力变结合开展了快捷货车的低周疲劳寿命分析的工程应用.结果表明:提出的低周疲劳的结构应变方法及其计算程序,当结构应力与屈服强度的差值在150 MPa以内时,理想弹塑性结构应变计算结果与实际结果一致,能够解决铁路货车低周疲劳寿命预测问题;当结构应力与屈服强度差值超过150 MPa后,随着结构应力的增加,误差也增加.该文的研究为低周疲劳的结构应变法工程推广应用提供了良好的技术支撑.

基于线性强化结构应变法的低周疲劳分析

焊接结构的低周疲劳分析对于轨道车辆尤为重要。为了有效评估焊接结构的低周疲劳,提出一种基于线性强化本构的结构应变数值计算方法。该方法基于经典板壳理论和弹塑性力学。通过考虑材料的应变硬化行为,将材料的真实应力应变关系简化为线性强化本构关系。利用有限元分析软件ABAQUS和Fe-safe计算焊接结构焊趾位置的结构应力,给出基于径向回退算法的线性强化本构塑性修正模型。利用MATLAB编写结构应变数值计算程序对结构应力进行塑性修正,并计算结构应变。基于该结构应变,给出了考虑板厚效应和载荷模式的等效结构应变范围计算公式,利用主应变-寿命曲线分析低周疲劳数据,建立了广泛用于轨道车辆的Q450高强度耐候钢材料制成的3种焊接接头的有限元模型。采用结构应力法的主应力-寿命曲线和结构应变数值计算方法的主应变-寿命曲线对试验获得的疲劳数据进行分析,并对比2种方法计算的等效结构应变范围。结果表明,各焊接接头的试验数据均分布在主应变-寿命曲线的线性窄带内,验证了结构应变数值计算法的可行性;与结构应力法相比,结构应变数值计算方法能更好地反映低周疲劳过程中材料的应变硬化现象,更适用于焊接结构的低周疲劳评估。该方法对轨道车辆焊接板结构的低周疲劳评估具有研究价值。与传统的通过提取节点力的方式计算结构应力和结构应变参数的方法相比,利用MATLAB编写结构应变数值计算程序极大地提高了结构应变参数计算的效率。

集成排气歧管低周疲劳寿命研究

集成排气歧管的设计使排气部分收到高低温载荷的反复冲击,因此在局部区域会产生较大的应力集中,超过材料的屈服强度,产生塑性变形,会有低周疲劳破坏的风险。本文基于有限元的方法,计算某冲击循环的瞬态温度场结果,并基于此结果进行交变工况下的应力应变分析,研究排气部位危险位置的温度、应力和应变的变化规律,并基于局部应力应变法得到该位置的疲劳寿命,为缸盖设计提供一种分析方法。

Effects of Strain Rate on Low Cycle Fatigue Behaviors of High-Strength Structural Steel

The low cycle fatigue （LCF） behavior of a high-strength structural steel was investigated in the strain rate range of 4×10^-6 -0.12 s^-1 （0. 001-3 Hz） under constant total strain （±1%） control. The cyclic stress response at all strain rates exhibited behavior of rapid softening in the early stage of fatigue life and subsequent saturation up to failure. It was found that the stress amplitude, the plastic strain amplitude, the plastic strain energy density and the fatigue life depend mainly on the strain rate. The strain rate of 0. 012 s-1 was found as a transition point where the LCF of the steel showed different behavior from low strain rate to high strain rate. The relationship between the time to failure and strain rate was expressed well by a power law relation. The fracture surfaces of the fatigue sam-ples were characterized by using a scanning electron microscope （SEM） and the fracture mechanisms were discussed in terms of time-dependent deformation of the steel.

Corporate Effects of Temperature and Strain Range on the Low Cycle Fatigue Life of a Single-Crystal Superalloy DD10

Low cycle fatigue behavior of a nickel-based single-crystal superalloy DD10 was investigated at 760 and 980 ℃ under different strain ranges. Results show that the fatigue life （Nf） of DD10 alloy exhibits different temperature dependence under various strain ranges. Under low strain range, the alloy exhibits a longer Nf at 760 ℃ than that at 980 ℃. However, under high strain range, a reverse result is obtained. This difference can be attributed to the change of dominant damage modes under various test conditions, which is manifested in different modes of crack initiation （crack nucleation and its early propagation）. At 760 ℃, the crack initiates at pores in subsurface due to local stress concentration. This process is mainly controlled by plastic amplitude and plastic property, but not affected by oxygen-induced damage before the crack propagates to the surface. At 980 ℃, the crack initiates at surface instead of pores due to the more homogeneous plastic deformation and the disharmony between the external oxidation layer and the bulk material when the strain amplitude is high. At that temperature, the process is mainly controlled by oxidation damage and strain amplitude simultaneously. Therefore, under high strain range, the crack initiation is much easier at 760 ℃ due to plastic deformation and the poor plasticity, while under low strain range obvious oxidation damage at 980℃ may accelerate the crack initiation.

CT110连续管低周疲劳循环软化行为

对低周疲劳过程中迟滞回线、循环应力响应曲线、循环应力-应变曲线及应变-寿命曲线的变化进行了分析,使用光学显微镜、聚焦离子束、扫描式电子显微镜及透射电子显微镜从疲劳断口的微观组织、裂纹扩展和断口形貌方面研究了CT110连续管的疲劳循环软化行为。结果表明:CT110连续管的循环曲线并未出现前几次循环周次中应力幅升高的情况,低周疲劳过程为稳定的循环软化过程。当应变幅>0.6%时,塑性变形在延性范围内进行,可供塑性变形消耗的抗塑性变形能减少,循环软化迅速进行;而当应变幅<0.6%时,塑性变形在强度范围内进行,CT110连续管基体内有充足的抗塑性应变能消耗,循环软化的饱和阶段较为稳定。进一步微观结构变化表明:CT110连续管疲劳断口具有特征明显的多裂纹源、疲劳辉纹、轮胎花样和韧窝等形貌,在高应变幅下的断口形貌表现出裂纹源区小、扩展区广和瞬断区小,同时在高应变幅下电子衍射多晶环更为致密连续,晶粒更为细小。CT110连续管的疲劳断裂面上多源裂纹萌生时塑性变形量较大,靠近裂纹源区铁素体晶粒更碎化,而远离裂纹源区的晶粒尺寸更接近原始尺寸。

高压气瓶4130X钢低周疲劳特性及疲劳设计曲线探讨

针对大容积钢制无缝气瓶材料4130X钢,开展了应变控制下4130X钢的循环特性、应变幅-寿命关系、概率-应变幅-寿命关系和疲劳设计曲线研究,参考ASMEⅧ-2—2021和JB 4732—1995《钢制压力容器——分析设计标准》给出了4130X钢的疲劳设计曲线。获得的4130X钢疲劳设计曲线,与规范中793 MPa≤σ_(uts)≤892 MPa的疲劳设计曲线有一定的差异,略高于ASMEⅧ-Ⅱ(σ_(uts)≤552 MPa)和JB 4732—1995(σ_(uts)≤540 MPa)的疲劳设计曲线。4130X钢材料疲劳寿命设计可采用本文提出的疲劳设计曲线或保守地采用ASMEⅧ-Ⅱ(σ_(uts)≤552 MPa)和JB 4732—1995(σ_(uts)≤540 MPa)中对应材料的疲劳设计曲线。

圆锥壳大型开孔围栏焊缝裂纹疲劳寿命分析

[目的]旨在研究受均布压载荷的圆锥壳大型开孔围栏焊缝结构中的疲劳寿命问题。[方法]以某水下耐压结构模型作为研究对象,构建有限元模型,使用结构应变方法获取该结构的疲劳危险点并计算该点处疲劳寿命。将计算结果与该水下耐压结构模型的试验数据进行对比,验证结构应变方法在此类结构疲劳寿命评估中的准确性。[结果]结果表明,结构应力最大部位出现在围栏焊缝靠近模型大端一侧,与试验中疲劳裂纹出现位置一致。结构应变方法计算得到的疲劳寿命与实际试验结果基本吻合,实际试验中的疲劳数据落在主e-N曲线的一条窄带上;围栏焊缝危险点处正向结构应力远大于切向结构应力。[结论]结构应变方法可以较好地解释圆锥壳大型开孔围栏焊缝结构的疲劳寿命问题,在此类载荷条件下,危险点处初始裂纹应当为一型。

考虑平均应变的低周疲劳寿命本征损伤耗散预测方法

金属构件疲劳破坏是工业中常见的破坏形式。为了提高构件疲劳寿命的预测精度,针对低周疲劳载荷下平均应变对疲劳寿命的影响,基于连续介质损伤力学及其不可逆热力学框架,并引入Ramberg-Osgood循环本构模型,以等本征损伤耗散功作为等寿命条件,建立了一种考虑平均应变的低周疲劳寿命预测模型。为对比验证新建模型的有效性和先进性,采用新建模型、修正的Ohji模型、Sandor模型和Wei-Wong模型分别对叠加平均应变的45钢和2124-T851铝合金的低周疲劳寿命进行了预测,并与对应的试验结果进行对比。结果表明:新建模型的预测结果与试验结果吻合较好,其预测效果优于现有模型。基于本征损伤耗散理论的疲劳寿命预测方法为金属材料疲劳寿命的预测提供了新思路。

大尺寸盘榫结构件疲劳寿命优化设计及验证方法研究

针对航空发动机及燃气轮机设计中盘榫应力集中导致的结构件寿命瓶颈问题,导入三次B样条曲线优化理念,以较低设计参数调整维度代价获得了定性合理、可变性较大的榫槽优化结构,稳定提高了设计优化速率和泛化能力。面向大尺寸盘榫结构件,提出根据优化前后榫槽应力集中位置的应力水平和梯度设计模拟件进行验证,保证了大尺寸结构件设计方案验证的等效性和充分性。仿真结果显示,优化后的盘榫结构件最大应力降低45%,低周疲劳寿命提高约36倍;基于应力集中和梯度设计的模拟件验证结果与仿真结果一致,印证了优化收益和验证方法可靠性,对于大尺寸结构件疲劳试验设计具有普遍借鉴意义。

考虑机械约束的气缸盖低周疲劳试验与寿命预测

以某柴油机气缸盖为研究对象,开展了气缸盖低周疲劳试验方法研究和仿真分析评估工作,用以评价气缸盖的低周疲劳寿命。在试验研究中,考虑螺栓预紧载荷,结合刚度匹配计算,使气缸盖在试验状态下的预紧状况与整机接近,在燃气热负荷试验台上对气缸盖开展了2 000次低周疲劳考核,经探伤未发现热裂纹。基于子模型分析技术,运用塑性应变能理论,计算了气缸盖火力面考察点的低周疲劳寿命,分析表明,寿命最低的考察点位于排气鼻梁区,其寿命为2 863次。试验和仿真结果均表明,该气缸盖满足低周疲劳寿命大于等于2 000次的设计要求,验证了气缸盖低周疲劳试验方法的合理性和有限元分析的准确性。