Applications of Localized Phase Compensation Method to Design a Stabilizer in a Multi-machine Power System

为了演示和验证稳定器设计的就地相位补偿法在多机电力系统中的应用,介绍在多机电力系统中,就地补偿设计稳定器的2个应用实例。第1个实例是在多机电力系统中就地补偿设计电力系统稳定器（power system stabilizer,PSS）,阻尼电力系统局部模振荡。第2个实例是就地补偿设计附加在静态同步补偿器（static synchronous compensator,STATCOM）上的稳定器,抑制多机电力系统中的区域模振荡,并给出在一个16机电力系统中的应用计算和仿真结果。

Improving Dynamic Stability of Yunnan Provincial and South China Power System by PSS

For solving the dynamic instability problem of Yunnan Provincial Power System (YNPS) and the South China Interconnected Power System (SCIPS), Lubuge Hydropower Station was chosen to install Power System Stabilizer (PSS). This paper introduces the principles and methods of parameter selection for PSS, in addition to field test. The test results show that the PSS installed can significantly improve the system damping.

An Improved Immune Clone Selection Algorithm for Parameters Optimization of Marine Electric Power System Stabilizer

In themarine electric power system,the marine generators will be disturbed by the large change of loads or the fault of the power system.The marine generators usually installed power system stabilizers to damp power system oscillations through the excitation control.This paper proposes a novel method to obtain optimal parameter values for Power System Stabilizer(PSS)to suppress low-frequency oscillations in the marine electric power system.In this paper,a newly developed immune clone selection algorithm was improved from the three aspects of the adaptive incentive degree,vaccination,and adaptive mutation strategies.Firstly,the typical PSS implementation type of leader-lag structure was adopted and the objective function was set in the optimization process.The performance of PSS tuned by improved immune clone selection algorithm was compared with PSS tuned by basic immune clone selection algorithm(ICSA)under various operating conditions and disturbances.Then,an improved immune clone selection algorithm(IICSA)optimization technique was implemented on two test systems for test purposes.Based on the simulations,it is found that an improved immune clone selection algorithm demonstrates superiority over the basic immune clone selection algorithm in getting a smaller number of iterations and fast convergence rates to achieve the optimal parameters of the power system stabilizers.Moreover,the proposed approach improves the stability and dynamic performance under various loads conditions and disturbances of the marine electric power system.

Coordinated Design of Thyristors Controlled Braking Resistors and Power System Stabilizer for Damping

This paper presents a new concept for damping electro-mechanical oscillations in large turbo generator. The proposed concept is based on coordination between Power System Stabilizer （PSS） and Thyristor Controlled Braking Resistor （TCBR）. This coordination will enhance the stability of the inertial and torsional oscillatory modes. The study is performed on system-I of the second IEEE benchmark for simulation of Sub-Synchronous Oscillations, using eigenvalue analysis and verified by detailed digital simulation. A dynamic fundamental frequency model for TCBR is developed. The pole placement technique is used to design the control system of TCBR and PSS. The shaft torque＇s following a disturbance is computed and analyzed. The obtained results indicate that substantial damping is achieved by the proposed coordination.

Analysis of Low Frequency Oscillation and Source Location in Power Systems

The major problem in current online diagnosis and analysis for power system oscillation is mainly concerned with finding the oscillation source in a fast and correct way using the data collected by the Wide Area Measurement System(WAMS).This paper for the first time proposes a scheme of cut set energy based on WAMS.Independent of accurate parameters,the scheme can make full use of WAMS data based on cut set energy construction and fast calculation to locate the source during oscillation.Afterwards,a scheme of torque decomposition is proposed,based on which the controller’s torque can be divided into damping torque and synchronous torque by calculation through WAMS data,and this paper puts forward the abnormal response and simulation models calibration of influential controllers.Analysis of an oscillation case shows how the cut set energy scheme and the torque decomposition scheme are applied in a real-world power system,and the schemes are proven to be reliable and practical in identifying and locating oscillation sources.

Low frequency oscillation characteristics of East China Power Grid after commissioning of Huai-Hu ultra-high voltage alternating current project

The low frequency oscillation characteristics of East China Power Grid after commissioning of the first ultra-high voltage alternating current(UHVAC)project-the Huai-Hu UHVAC project are studied.Several low frequency oscillation cases occurred in East China Power Grid in the past few years are reviewed and summarized.Based on the analysis of the different typical operation modes,the main low frequency oscillation modes in East China Power Grid in the early stages of development of ultra-high voltage(UHV)are summarized,and the impacts of the significant power grid maintenance on low frequency oscillation characteristics are analyzed.Besides,the oscillation mode of UHV generators to East China Power Grid is researched,and the importance of the power system stabilizator(PSS)is emphasized.Furthermore,the comparative analysis between the time domain and the frequency domain is carried out,and the influences of the governing system on low frequency oscillation characteristics are revealed.Finally,both the focus and the direction of low frequency oscillation research are presented.

基于MSSA的PSS与UPFC-POD参数和UPFC位置协调优化

针对风火打捆(wind-thermal-bundled,WTB)系统在受到干扰时可能由于阻尼不足而出现的低频振荡现象以及较高的网损会导致运行成本的增加和阻碍“双碳”目标实现的问题,提出了一种电力系统稳定器(power system stabilizer,PSS)与统一潮流控制器(unified power flow controller,UPFC)附加功率振荡阻尼控制器(power oscillation damping,POD)参数和UPFC安装位置协调优化策略方法。首先,基于Matlab构建了风火打捆外送系统和控制器模型。然后,利用多目标樽海鞘优化算法(multi-objective salp swarm algorithm,MSSA),将协调优化问题转化为多目标优化问题。目标函数设计中考虑了UPFC装置的调节特性。最后,采用IEEE 4机2区系统和16机5区系统进行多种工况下的仿真。仿真结果显示,协调优化后的控制器可以提高系统阻尼,维持发电机转速的稳定,抑制低频振荡引起的系统有功、电压等的波动,同时降低了系统的有功网损,提高了系统稳定性和运行经济性。MSSA在工程问题上的应用得到了补充。

Mode-based Damping Torque Analysis in Power System Low-frequency Oscillations

The mode-based damping torque analysis(M-DTA)method for studying the effect of an external controller on power system low-frequency oscillations is proposed in this paper.First,based on the interconnection model between the system and the controller in the frequency domain,the oscillation loop corresponding to the electromechanical oscillation mode is built,and then the mode-based damping torque of the controller can be calculated.Then,the application of the M-DTA method in the power system is illustrated.The derivation shows that in the single-machine infinite-bus power system,the M-DTA method is completely equivalent to the classical damping torque analysis(C-DTA)method.In the multi-machine power system,the mode-based damping torque directily reflects the effect of the controller on the oscillation mode,overcoming the shortcomings of the C-DTA method in which there is no direct correspondence between the damping torque and the oscillation mode.By deriving the relationship with the residue index,the M-DTA method shows higher accuracy than the residue method in applications,such as controller parameter adjustment.Finally,two example power systems are presented to demonstrate the application of the proposed M-DTA method.Index Terms-Electromechanical oscillation mode,FACTS,interconnection model in the frequency domain,mode-based damping torque analysis(M-DTA),power system low-frequency oscillation,PSS,residue method.

基于Prony方法的大型互联电网PSS参数优化设计

提出了一种完全基于仿真曲线Prony分析的电力系统稳定器(PSS)参数优化设计方法。该方法通过对仿真曲线的Prony分析辨识系统的弱阻尼区域振荡模式信息,以提高区域振荡模式下的阻尼为优化目标,在限定的参数空间中进行PSS参数优化设计。采用单纯形法对PSS参数进行优化,以Prony方法辨识的PSS参数作为单纯形区域的初始中心点可克服算法的收敛性问题。云南电网发电机组实际PSS参数优化设计的结果表明:在云南电网多种运行方式下,均可很好地抑制系统的区域振荡,验证了PSS参数优化设计方法的有效性和鲁棒性。所提出的基于Prony算法的PSS参数优化方法优于传统PSS设计方法,适用于大型互联电网发电机组的PSS设计。

PSS和SVC联合抑制特高压网络低频振荡

结合2012规划特高压局部电网,提出具有工程实用性的低频振荡控制方案:采用Prony分析检测联络线主导振荡模式,对区域内振荡模式,通过在与该模式强相关的发电机上安装电力系统稳定器(PSS)进行阻尼控制;对区域间振荡模式,采用带附加阻尼控制的静止无功补偿器(SVC)抑制振荡。用PSASP进行仿真,在联络线末端设置故障,检验配置PSS或者SVC后的功率振荡的抑制情况。仿真结果表明,该方案设计有效,具有较好的工程参考价值。

基于系统留数矩阵的广域PSS设计

电力系统低频振荡严重影响电网的稳定运行。传统的电力系统稳定器(PSS)采用本地机组信号,不能有效提高系统阻尼。广域测量系统使得电力系统向广域观测与控制的方向发展。文中使用反馈信号机组和控制机组相分离的设计思想,提出根据转子角频率对振荡模式的能观度选取反馈信号机组,根据PSS输出信号对振荡模式的能控度选取控制机组,从而构成广域PSS控制回路。基于留数矩阵的分析表明了这种广域PSS控制策略具有比本地信号PSS更强的能观性和能控性。最后给出了基于留数的广域PSS参数设计方法。16机系统上的仿真结果表明,基于留数矩阵进行设计的广域PSS能更有效地抑制系统低频振荡,提高互联电网的稳定性。

基于特征值分析法的PSS最佳安装地点的确定

介绍了电力系统低频振荡的特征值分析方法 ,并采用特征值分析法所得出的结果———参与因子来选择最佳的电力系统稳定器 (PSS)安装地点 ,以提高弱振荡模式的阻尼。采用发电机的转子角速度对弱振荡模式的参与因子作为指标 ,选择最佳的PSS安装地点。通过对一个较大规模的电力系统进行实例分析 ,说明在采用此方法所确定的最佳安装地点上安装PSS 。

交直流电力系统PSS和直流附加控制的协调

针对当今大容量、远距离、多区域互联电网低频振荡现象严重的问题,提出了一种基于Prony算法的PSS和直流附加控制器协调运行的策略。该方法根据多代理分层控制的思想,首先利用Prony辨识全网系统,求出在没有配置PSS和直流附加控制时的系统振荡频率,利用相位补偿法优化PSS控制参数,有效地抑制局部振荡模式。当全网的局部振荡模式达到满意水平后,反复利用Prony对系统进行辨识,通过每次的辨识结果对直流附加控制器进行参数整定,逐渐把剩余区域间振荡模式消除。仿真研究表明,该控制策略有效抑制了贵广交直流系统的低频振荡,并具有一定的鲁棒性。

采用广域测量信号的2级PSS控制策略

提出电力系统稳定器(PSS)的输入信号由本地测量信号和广域测量信号组成,从而构成2级PSS控制。本地测量信号采用本地发电机角频率,广域测量信号分别采用联络线功率和区间相对角频率。分析表明广域反馈具有相位稳定的特点,可以根据参与因子和传递函数留数选取广域测量信号,通过模式辨识进行2级PSS控制,抑制区间低频振荡。2区域电力系统上的仿真结果表明,2级PSS控制能有效抑制区间低频振荡,提高互联系统的传输容量,适用的频率范围广。

有功型PSS抑制低频振荡机理及反调特性

介绍了MEC5220型励磁调节器的原理及系统产生低频振荡的原因,分析了励磁调节器的阻尼特性。通过对有功型电力系统稳定器(PSS)的研究发现,PSS虽能抑制振荡,但有功型PSS使用的前提是机械功率变化相对电气功率变化近似不变,当调节发电机原动机出力时,PSS得到的信号远大于需要的信号,就会造成励磁电压和无功功率大幅变化,即反调。通过实例证实了有功型PSS反调特性,并提出了防止其危害的对策。

电力系统稳定器PSS4B的参数整定及现场试验

为使PSS4B型稳定器应用于大容量机组和三机励磁系统时能提供很好的补偿特性,分析了PSS4B型电力系统稳定器的结构和频率特性,指出典型参数PSS4B应用于实际电网时会出现相位补偿不足现象及目前已有的参数整定方法存在的问题,并提出一种简单有效的参数整定方法,即应用中心频率法得到一组PSS4B典型参数,在此基础上,对高频段的相位补偿环节和增益环节再次进行调整的矢量相加的方法。通过在PSASP平台搭建模型进行仿真,对比典型参数的PSS4B、PSS2B和通过新方法整定后的PSS4B这3个稳定器对各频段低频振荡的抑制效果,结果表明,采用新方法整定的PSS4B对各频段振荡的抑制效果都优于另外2个稳定器的效果。最后,根据现场实测陡河6号发电机三机励磁系统的滞后特性进行了PSS4B的参数整定,完成了国内首次PSS4B的现场投入实验,为今后PSS4B的投入和现场参数整定提供了依据。

一种改进型PSS4B电力系统稳定器的工程化应用研究

分析了电力系统稳定器PSS4B的设计理念和工作原理,分析和验证PSS4B相对于PSS2B在低频段振荡抑制能力上的优势及其在工程化应用中存在的问题。介绍了一种改进型PSS4B电力系统稳定器PSS4B-W的设计思路,并根据实际发电机组测频扰动试验波形给出了PSS4B-W相位校正计算方法。通过负载电压阶跃试验对比验证了其校正效果,证明了经相位校正的PSS4B-W既能满足高频段相位补偿要求,又能在低频段提供较强抑制能力。最后提出了PSS4B和PSS4B-W的工程化应用建议。

基于多信号在线辨识的广域PSS协调设计

对系统广域信号进行辨识设计广域电力系统稳定器(PSS)不仅能克服电网规模和数学模型阶数的限制,而且不受到元件模型和参数准确度以及运行方式的影响,便于开展多PSS的在线协调设计。文中提出基于多信号Prony算法在线辨识的广域PSS设计方法。该设计方法是通过对系统中各发电机组施加给定的激励信号,利用多信号Prony算法辨识出系统降阶模型及相应的留数矩阵;依据得到的留数矩阵计算各发电机组的综合可控性指标和综合可观性指标,选取控制机组和反馈信号;最后利用极点配置方法设计广域PSS参数。仿真示例和实时数字仿真器(RTDS)试验证实了所提出方法的可行性和有效性,对于多PSS的在线协调设计具有重要的工程意义。

基于PSS/E的华东电网低频振荡分析方法

基于仿真软件PSS/E提出了一种分析华东电网低频振荡特性的方法,结合PSS/E的特征值分析法和Prony分析法,在发电机采用经典模型的条件下通过特征值分析计算系统振荡模式的频率、振型和参与因子,而在发电机采用详细模型并考虑励磁系统详细模型的条件下通过Prony分析法计算系统振荡模式的阻尼。对4机两区域系统和新英格兰10机39节点系统的特征值分析表明,振荡模式的频率、振型和参与因子并不随发电机采用模型的不同而有很大变化。因此,文中提出的方法可以方便地适用于实际大规模电力系统的低频振荡分析。对华东电网的低频振荡特性进行分析,得到了该电网区域间振荡模式的频率、阻尼、振型及参与因子。

BFO-PSO混合算法的PSS参数优化设计

针对传统PSS参数设计问题,文中基于细菌觅食-微粒群混合优化算法,提出一种协调优化PSS参数的新方法。为了提高电力系统机电振荡模式的阻尼和增加系统的鲁棒性,将阻尼控制器参数设计问题归结为带有不等式约束的目标优化问题,并在目标函数中考虑了多种运行方式,采用细菌觅食-微粒群混合优化算法求解优化问题设计PSS参数。最后通过算例验证了该方法的合理性,是一种对多种运行方式具有良好鲁棒性的阻尼控制器参数优化方法,有效地抑制了低频振荡。