Investigate Weld Quality of Gas Metal Arc Welding Process Through Online Monitoring of Input Parameters

Gas metal arc welding(GMAW)is also referred as the metal inert gas(MIG)welding which is a process of welding done by the formation of an electric arc between the consumable wire electrode and the workpiece.Through the welding process,a continuous flow of inert gas is supplied,and it avoids the weld being subjected to react with atmospheric air.The process can be automatic or semi-automatic where the main input parameters like current and the voltage can be direct and constant,respectively.Not only the current and voltage the welding quality depends on some more input parameters such as arc gap,velocity,and temperature.In this paper,we explain about a setup which is capable of real-time monitoring of input parameters mentioned above and selecting the best MIG welding parameters for the mild steel.The setup is composed of several sensors and microcontrollers for the collection and the measurement of the input parameters.The samples were categorized according to the federate and the voltage adjustment of the selected welding machine.Then the final objective was to identify the samples of the weld with different parameter changes which are monitored through the system.For the analysis,the samples were subjected to tensile and hardness tests,and microstructure tests to find the dependence of the input parameters which effect for the weld quality.Finally,the experimental results verified the effectiveness of the system for the selection of the quality weld.

Effect of the heat input on microstructure and properties of submerged arc welded joint of 08Cr19MnNi3Cu2N stainless steel

SAW308L submerged arc welding wire and SJ601A submerged arc welding flux were selected to weld the 12 mm 08Cr19MnNi3Cu2N low nickel and high nitrogen austenitic stainless steel plates with three different welding heat input,and microstructure,tensile properties,microhardness and corrosion properties of the welded joints were studied.The results show that no defects are found in the three groups of welded joints,and the welded joints have better performance.The tensile strength of 08Cr19MnNi3Cu2N stainless steel welded joints with different heat input is slightly lower than that of the base metal,and fracture occurs in the weld zone,and the hardness of the weld zone is lower than that of the base metal.The weld microstructure of stainless steel welded joints with different heat input is composed of austenite+δferrite,and ferrite is uniformly distributed in austenite.With the increase of the welding heat input,the ferrite content in the weld zone decrease gradually,the grain size in the thermal affected zone increase gradually,and the impact toughness reduce.

Studies on Effects of Welding Parameters on the Mechanical Properties of Welded Low-Carbon Steel

In this work, the effect of heat input on the mechanical properties of low-carbon steel was studied using two welding processes: Oxy-Acetylene Welding (OAW) and Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW). Two different edge preparations on a specific size, 10-mm thick low-carbon steel, with the following welding parameters: dual welding voltage of 100 V and 220 V, various welding currents at 100, 120, and 150 Amperes and different mild steel electrode gauges of 10 and 12 were investigated. The tensile strength, hardness and impact strength of the welded joint were carried out and it was discovered that the tensile strength and hardness reduce with the increase in heat input into the weld. However, the impact strength of the weldment increases with the increase in heat input. Besides it was also discovered that V-grooved edge preparation has better mechanical properties as compared with straight edge preparation under the same conditions. Microstructural examinations conducted revealed that the cooling rate in different media has significant effect on the microstructure of the weldment. Pearlite and ferrite were observed in the microstructure, but the proportion of ferrite to pearlite varied under different conditions.

Metal vapor behavior in double electrodes TIG welding

In present paper, the metal vapour behavior in double electrodes TIG welding was investigated by a numerical model, including the arc plasma and weld pool. The thermodynamic parameters and transport coefficients of the arc plasma were dependent on both the local temperature and the mass ratio of the metal vapour. A second viscosity approximation was used to formulate the diffusion coefficient of the metal vapour in the arc plasma. The temperature and flow fields together with the metal vapour concentration were simulated, and the influences of metal vapour on the arc plasma and the weld pool were analyzed. It was found that the metal vapour transport in the arc plasma was significantly influenced by the flow of the arc plasma, and the distribution of the metal vapour was more extended in the direction perpendicular to the line through the double electrodes tips. Both the arc plasma and the heat flux at the weld pool were constricted by the presence of the metal vapour, while the metal vapour had a minor effect on the total heat input to the work piece and the weld pool profile as a whole.

Tri-Arc与Tandem双丝电弧焊的工作原理对比分析

目的介绍一种称为Tri-Arc的新型双丝电弧焊接方法。方法将Tri-Arc双丝电弧焊与应用较广的Tandem双丝电弧焊的系统构成和焊接电流波形进行对比分析。结果Tri-Arc和Tandem两种双丝电弧焊接方法所使用的双丝焊枪相近,双电源相位同步控制和U/I脉冲控制方式类似。Tri-Arc和Tandem两种双丝电弧焊接方法的差异在于:Tandem双丝电弧焊的2个电弧是相对独立的,而Tri-Arc双丝电弧焊的2个电弧是相互耦合的,因此Tri-Arc双丝电弧焊又具有旁路耦合电弧的某些特点。结论这种新型的Tri-Arc双丝电弧焊不仅具有与Tandem双丝电弧焊一样的高焊丝熔敷率,而且具有比Tandem双丝电弧焊更低的焊接热输入。

Metallurgical characteristics of armour steel welded joints used for combat vehicle construction

Austenitic stainless steel(ASS) and High nickel steel(HNS) welding consumables are being used for welding Q&T steels, as they have higher solubility for hydrogen in austenitic phase, to avoid hydrogen induced cracking(HIC) but they are very expensive. In recent years, the developments of low hydrogen ferritic steel(LHF) consumables that contain no hygroscopic compounds are utilized for welding Q&T steels. Heat affected zone(HAZ) softening is another critical issue during welding of armour grade Q&T steels and it depends on the welding process employed and the weld thermal cycle. In this investigation an attempt has been made to study the influence of welding consumables and welding processes on metallurgical characteristics of armour grade Q&T steel joints by various metallurgical characterization procedures. Shielded metal arc welding(SMAW) and flux cored arc welding(FCAW) processes were used for making welds using ASS, LHF and HNS welding consumables. The joints fabricated by using LHF consumables offered lower degree of HAZ softening and there is no evidence of HIC in the joints fabricated using LHF consumables.

Review of GTAW Welding Parameters

Welding as a fabrication process is one of the vital production routes for most manufacturing industries. Several factors are involved in the choice of welding process for specific applications;notable among these are compositional range of the material to be welded, the thickness of the base materials and type of current. Most metals oxidize rapidly in their molten state, and therefore, the weld area needs to be protected from atmospheric contamination;this is achieved in gas tungsten arc welding GTAW by a shielding gas (argon, helium, nitrogen). GTAW technique is one of the major processes for joining austenitic stainless steels (ASS) and ferritic stainless steel (FSS) fabrication. However, the microstructural change that occurs during welding and at weld joint is still a major challenge today as it affects both the corrosion resistance and the mechanical properties. Therefore, this present paper reviews past research findings on GTA welding of ASS and FSS. Results of the findings have confirmed that, depending on the amount of heat input, which can be controlled by welding parameters (welding speed, voltage and current), welded joints particularly, heat affected zones (HAZs) of both grades of steels can undergo mechanical failure and can be susceptible to corrosion attack if the joints are produced with a less ideal combination of welding parameters.

旁路耦合微束等离子弧增材制造

在分析旁路耦合电弧焊的基础上,提出了旁路耦合微束等离子弧焊(DE-MPAW)方法.该方法以微束等离子弧焊炬为主路,填充焊丝为旁路,通过可调电阻调节旁路电流大小.在不降低成形效率的基础上,减小成形件的热输入,从而有利于电弧增材制造.在此基础上开展了DE-MPAW焊接方法的初步研究.在DE-MPAW焊实验系统及测控的基础上,对比研究了不同旁路电流下DE-MPAW焊熔滴过渡情况;分析了母材热输入随旁路电流的变化规律,研究了焊缝成形的变化情况;初步开展了DE-MPAW增材制造单道多层的堆垛研究.结果表明:随着旁路电流的增大,其熔滴过渡频率、母材热输入、熔深都相应地减小,且DE-MPAW方法能够较好适用于增材制造.

焊接热输入对特厚板20MnNiMo焊接残余应力的影响

为了研究焊接热输入对8万吨模锻压机主缸材料20MnNiMo焊接残余应力的影响,制定了不同热输入条件下的焊接方案,并通过盲孔法对残余应力进行了测定。实验结果表明,焊接接头残余应力的分布和大小是随着焊接热输入的减小而不断变化的。当焊接热输入由27.3 J/cm变化到24.6 J/cm时,焊接接头焊缝区x方向残余应力减小16%;热影响区x方向残余应力减小33%,y方向残余应力减小52%;焊缝区x方向残余应力减小49%,y方向残余应力增加49%;其中,焊接热输入的变化对y方向残余应力影响最大。在相同焊接效率条件下,焊接热输入越小,材料20MnNiMo的焊接残余应力越小。

双丝旁路耦合电弧GMAW高效焊接工艺

在介绍了双丝旁路耦合电弧熔化极气体保护焊(双丝旁路耦合电弧(Double-electrode gas metal arc welding,DE-GMAW))高效焊接工艺原理的基础之上,采用双闭环反馈解耦智能控制系统,进行双丝旁路耦合电弧GMAW高速焊接工艺试验,测量双丝旁路耦合电弧GMAW母材热输入,分析双丝旁路耦合电弧GMAW高效焊接工艺机理,并对双丝旁路耦合电弧GMAW高效焊接工艺方法进行改进,进一步研究混合气体保护下的双丝旁路耦合电弧GMAW及其熔滴过渡行为,且开发出单电源双丝旁路耦合电弧GMAW。研究表明:采用双闭环反馈解耦智能控制系统使双丝旁路耦合电弧GMAW焊接过程稳定性更好、精确度更高且响应速度更快;旁路分流是实现高效焊接的同时降低母材热输入的关键;采用混合气体保护下的双丝旁路耦合电弧GMAW能进一步提高焊接过程稳定性,单电源双丝旁路耦合电弧GMAW能形成良好的焊缝成形,且设备成本低。

焊接热输入对ULCB钢焊接接头组织性能的影响

采用自动埋弧焊机对超低碳贝氏体钢(ULCB钢)进行直缝双面焊双面成型焊接试验,分析了焊接热输入对其焊接接头组织及性能的影响。结果表明:焊缝显微组织主要是针状铁素体和粒状贝氏体,这两种相组成和相比例,极大地影响了接头的强韧性。随着焊接热输入增大,焊缝区针状铁素体含量先减少后增加,粒状贝氏体含量先增大后减少,热影响区晶粒变得粗大,ULCB钢接头强韧性呈现一定规律的变化。在较小的焊接线能量(24.81 k J/cm)下,焊接接头具有优良的强韧性,抗拉强度达到803.63 MPa,为母材抗拉强度的94.3%,焊缝和热影响区冲击韧性分别为193、232 J。

TCS不锈钢的焊接性能

通过对8mmTCS不锈钢焊接性的试验,分析了母材性能、不同焊接工艺、焊接坡口形式和不同板厚对焊接质量的影响,并提出了一些提高焊缝质量的工艺措施。

MAG焊过程中热输入对DL510超高强钢焊接接头组织及力学性能的影响

采用熔化极活性气体保护电弧焊(MAG焊)焊接5 mm厚的DL510超高强钢(1 500 MPa级),研究了热输入量对焊接接头组织及力学性能的影响,并采用边焊边锤击的方式消除焊接接头残余应力。结果表明,热输入在43~70 kJ/cm范围内,均能获得成型良好的焊接接头;锤击时间低于20 min时,随着锤击时间延长,接头抗拉强度不断提升,但锤击时间超过20 min后,焊接接头抗拉强度变化不大;随着热输入增加,焊接接头晶粒明显长大;热输入为70 kJ/cm时,粗晶区出现少量细小粒状贝氏体组织,焊接接头韧性得到改善。

1600MPa级超高强钢低热输入气体保护焊接头组织和性能分析

采取一种低热输入气体保护焊工艺对1 600 MPa级超高强钢FP4130进行焊接,并对焊接接头进行拉伸、硬度测试,结合金相组织分析和扫描电镜进行观察。结果表明,焊接热影响区(HAZ)和焊缝部分区域发生软化现象,其与接头的受热状态、母材和焊接材料的化学成分有关。研究结果为超高强钢的特殊应用积累了数据。

E40钢双丝埋弧焊焊缝在不同热输入条件下性能分析

采用我国自行研制的大热输入用钢E40,基于计算机技术在不同热输入条件下对E40进行双丝埋弧焊焊接,对不同条件下焊接热影响区和焊缝处的组织以及性能进行分析研究。结果表明,热输入量和焊缝焊接道次的合理搭配,便可以得到性能效果较好的焊接接头。

双弧脉冲MIG焊嵌入式控制系统设计及试验分析

双弧脉冲熔化极惰性气体保护焊(dual-arc pulsed MIG welding)是一种低能量输入的焊接方法,针对其过程中存在的主旁弧脉冲电流波形匹配以及耦合电弧稳定性的问题,分析并提出了以高性能数字信号处理器(DSP)为控制核心的嵌入式控制策略.在此基础上,进行了双弧脉冲MIG焊嵌入式控制系统的软硬件设计,可以通过编程灵活实现脉冲电流波形的时序控制和焊接过程控制的各种算法,并进行了铝合金-镀锌钢平板堆焊试验,在较低能量输入时得到了良好的焊缝效果.结果表明,该系统能够满足双弧脉冲MIG焊的控制要求,保证焊接过程的稳定进行,焊接效果良好.

焊接热输入对CHE607QR焊条焊缝金属低温冲击性能的影响

通过改变焊接热输入,采用金相显微镜分析研究焊接热输入对球形容器用低合金高强钢CHE607QR焊条焊缝金属力学性能及组织的影响。结果表明,焊缝低温冲击性能随着焊接热输入量的增大而先增加后降低,焊接热输入达到49 k J/cm时,焊缝低温冲击出现低值;焊接热输入小于等于42 k J/cm时,焊缝低温冲击性能较优。

Cr-Mo-V耐热钢焊条电弧焊焊缝金属低温冲击韧性研究

本工作通过研究焊条电弧焊耐热钢多层多道焊缝金属焊态和热处理态下的微观组织与低温冲击韧性的关系,揭示低温冲击韧性出现低值及韧性不稳定的原因。通过-30℃的夏比冲击试验得到低温冲击吸收功,使用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱(EDS)等手段对材料的微观组织进行表征,结果表明:焊态试样中存在大量塑性差、脆硬的马氏体-奥氏体(M-A)组元,使得冲击韧性急剧下降;柱状晶区粗大的铁素体晶粒尺寸决定了起裂的早晚,直接决定冲击韧性的好坏;焊缝中不同类型的组织对韧性的影响不同:针状铁素体(AF)的冲击韧性最好,侧板条铁素体和晶粒边界铁素体次之,粗大块状铁素体的冲击韧性最差;连续分布的M-A和碳化物团簇产生应力集中,对韧性造成不利影响。

N610E钢制10万m^3原油储罐组焊技术

N610E钢属ReL≥490 MPa调质高强钢,可适用于100 kJ大线能量焊接,首次应用于10万m3大型原油储罐的建造,钢板经检验和复验各项性能优良。设备的焊接工艺评定按JB 4708—2000和GB 50128—2005进行,数量较多,程序复杂。现场组焊遵循有关标准规范,尤其是通过调整壁板纵缝坡口型式和间隙控制了气电立焊线能量,结果表明N610E各项性能均满足10万m3大型原油储罐的建造。

焊接热输入对30CrMo钢焊接接头力学性能的影响

为了解决30CrMo锻焊曲轴的焊接质量问题,研究了焊接热输入对30CrMo钢焊接接头力学性能的影响规律,并针对焊条电弧焊(SMAW)和CO_2气体保护焊(GMAW)两种方法,找出了适合的焊接热输入范围。结果表明:随着热输入的增加,采用焊条电弧焊和CO_2气体保护焊的焊接接头抗拉强度均呈现下降趋势;采用焊条电弧焊的焊缝区和热影响区冲击功先增加后减小;采用CO_2气体保护焊的焊缝区冲击功减小,而热影响区冲击功先增加后减小;采用焊条电弧焊的热影响区硬度呈下降趋势,采用CO_2气体保护焊的热影响区硬度变化较小;采用两种焊接方法的焊缝区域硬度值总体呈降低趋势。当预热温度为220℃,热输入在8~24 kJ/cm范围内,采用焊条电弧焊和CO_2气体保护焊的焊接接头抗拉强度均能满足要求;热影响区及焊缝区域硬度值均低于350HV,不易产生冷裂纹。该工艺参数范围已成功应用于某30CrMo锻焊曲轴的焊接中,焊接质量良好,满足质量要求。