Research on Numerical Simulation of 3D Leakage Magnetic Field and Short-circuit Impedance of Axial Dual-low-voltage Split-winding Transformer

It is difficult to accurately calculate the short-circuit impedance, due to the complexity of axial dual-low-voltage split-winding transformer winding structure. In this paper, firstly, the leakage magnetic field and short-circuit impedance model of axial dual-low-voltage split-winding transformer is established, and then the 2D and 3D leakage magnetic field are analyzed. Secondly, the short-circuit impedance and split parallel branch current distribution in different working conditions are calculated, which is based on field-circuit coupled method. At last, effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed model is verified by comparison between experiment, analysis and simulation. The results showed that the 3D analysis method is a better approach to calculate the short-circuit impedance, since its analytical value is more closer to the experimental value compared with the 2D analysis results, the finite element method calculation error is less than 2%, while the leakage flux method maximum error is 7.2%.

Investigation on experimental method of low-impedance materials using modified Hopkinson pressure bar

To increase the detectability of split Hopkinson pressure bar （SHPB） of low-impedance materials, modifications were conducted on traditional SHPB apparatus with a PMMA tube to output transmitted signal, and weak signals were further amplified by semiconductor strain gauges. Experiments on soft rubbers and cushioning foam materials were carried out. In order to analyze the accuracy of the experimental results, the stress equilibrium issues involved in the assumptions of SHPB were investigated. First, by way of re-constructing loading process of incident wave, the stress- strain curve was obtained, along with the stress equilibrium ratio of specimen. Secondly, the influences on the accuracy of stress-strain curves were investigated through the elastic modulus comparisons. And the results illustrate that the bilinear incident wave from experiments can ensure the stress equilibrium deformation of specimen after 2 normalized times, much sooner than ramp incident waves. Moreover, it even facilitates specimen deformation with a constant strain rate. The results confirm that the detectability of the modified SHPB can be down to tens kPa with enough accuracy level.

Partitioning Calculation Method of Short-Circuit Current for High Proportion DG Access to Distribution Network

Aiming at the problemthat the traditional short-circuit current calculationmethod is not applicable to Distributed Generation(DG)accessing the distribution network,the paper proposes a short-circuit current partitioning calculation method considering the degree of voltage drop at the grid-connected point of DG.Firstly,the output characteristics of DG in the process of low voltage ride through are analyzed,and the equivalent output model of DG in the fault state is obtained.Secondly,by studying the network voltage distribution law after fault in distribution networks under different DG penetration rates,the degree of voltage drop at the grid-connected point of DG is used as a partition index to partition the distribution network.Then,iterative computation is performed within each partition,and data are transferred between partitions through split nodes to realize the fast partition calculation of short-circuit current for high proportion DG access to distribution network,which solves the problems of long iteration time and large calculation error of traditional short-circuit current.Finally,a 62-node real distribution network model containing a high proportion of DG access is constructed onMATLAB/Simulink,and the simulation verifies the effectiveness of the short-circuit current partitioning calculation method proposed in the paper,and its calculation speed is improved by 48.35%compared with the global iteration method.

Low-loss Cd-substituted Mg ferrites with matching impedance for high-frequency-range antennas

The effects of Cd^(2+) ions on the microstructure,magnetic properties,and dielectric properties of Bi_(2)O_(3)-added MgFe_(2)O_(4) ferrites(Cd_(x)Mg_(1-x)Fe_(2)O_(4),x=0.00,0.15,0.30 and 0.45)are obtained by adopting the solid-state reaction method at a low temperature(910℃).The objective is to achieve matching impedances,low magnetic and dielectric losses(tanδμand tanδε,respectively),and a relatively large miniaturization factor to reduce antenna size.Experimental results indicate that the cations occupying the tetrahedral(A)and octahedral(B)ion sites are redistributed,resulting in an enhanced super-exchange interaction between the two sublattices.As a result,improved magnetization,including the increase in saturation magnetization(41.74 emu/g)and decrease in coercivity(63.75 Oe),is realized.The real part of permeability(μ')also increases with increasing concentration of Cd^(2+) ions.When x is 0.15,matching impedances with equivalent μ'and ε'values are obtained over a long frequency range(1–150MHz).Moreover,the formation of a dense microstructure guarantees that losses occur at low orders of magnitude(tanδμ≈10−2 and tanδε≈10−3).Accordingly,these properties afford wide application perspectives for the proposed compounds in the high-frequency region,i.e.,from high-frequency to very-high-frequency bands.

Ambiently fostering solid electrolyte interphase for low-temperature lithium metal batteries

Despite being a leading candidate to meet stringent energy targets,lithium(Li) metal batteries(LMBs)face severe challenges at low temperatures such as dramatic increase in impedance,capacity loss and dendrite growth.Unambiguously fingerprinting rate-limited factors of low-temperature LMBs would encourage targeted approaches to promote performances.Herein,the charge transfer impedance across solid electrolyte interphase(SEI) is identified to restrict battery operation under low temperature,and we propose a facile approach on the basis of ambiently fostering SEI(af-SEI) to facilitate charge transfer.The concept of af-SEI stems from kinetic benefits and structural merits to construct SEI at ambient temperature over low temperature developed SEI that is temporally consuming to achieve steady state and that is structurally defective to incur dendrite growth.The af-SEI allows ionically conductive and morphologically uniform layer on the anode surface,which exhibits a lower resistance and induces an even deposition of Li in the subsequent low temperature battery operation.Armed with af-SEI,the LMBs deliver the improved rate performance and prolonged cycle life when subjected to low temperature cycling.This work unveils the underlying causes that limit low temperature LMB performances,and enlightens the facile test protocols to build up favorable SEI,beyond scope of material and morphology design.

Impedance Spectroscopy of Concentrated Zirconia Nanopowder Dispersed Systems Experimental Technique

We propose an experimental spectroscopy method for investigating the electrical characteristics of concentrated nanopowder dispersed systems based on compacted ZrO2. The technique is based on measurement of electrochemical impedance of the compacts. A possibility is shown for using the technique to study the processes of structure formation in nanopowder dispersed systems. It is shown that the technique is quite sensitive to detect subtle effects due to the chemical composition of the reactants from which the dispersed phase has been synthesized and external electromagnetic fields. In particular, it has been determined that the powders produced by chemical deposition possess conductiv-ity by nanoparticle volume which is several order of magnitude lower than that for powders obtained from the chloride feedstock. It has been revealed that exposure to weak (H = 105 A/m - 106 A/m) pulsed magnetic fields leads to a redistribution of free charge carriers between volume and surface of the nanoparticles.

基于等效序阻抗差异特征的低频输电线路差动保护优化方案

低频输电线路故障时,两侧短路电流均由模块化多电平矩阵变换器提供,两侧短路电流相角均受控且幅值相当,导致差动保护灵敏度严重下降。分析了低频输电系统定电压控制侧和功率控制侧的等效正、负序阻抗特征,指出因控制策略不同,系统故障时两侧等效正、负序阻抗特征存在明显差异。分析了低频输电线路区内和区外故障两侧保护装置测量到的等效序阻抗之间的差异性和相似性,基于此特征构建了两侧等效序阻抗差异指标,提出了基于等效序阻抗差异指标的差动保护制动系数优化方法。仿真结果表明,所提方案能够显著提升低频输电线路区内故障时差动保护的动作速度和动作灵敏性。

柔性低频输电系统的故障分量特征及保护适用性分析

柔性低频输电系统由于运行频率的改变以及柔性低频换流站的控制机理,其故障特征以及对保护原理的影响较为复杂。为了分析故障分量保护原理在柔性低频输电系统中的适用性问题,基于柔性低频换流站的控制架构,建立了以故障限流为故障控制策略的双端型低频输电模型。计及该系统线路发生三相故障的控制特性,分析了不同情况下的低频故障分量阻抗特性,并推导出低频等值阻抗的量化计算式,进而从理论上分析其对传统故障分量保护元件的影响机理。最后,在PSCAD/EMTDC平台上搭建了双端低频输电测试模型对理论分析进行仿真验证。研究结果表明:柔性低频输电系统在一定故障条件下可造成故障分量保护范围缩小,甚至使得保护元件完全失效,研究结果对于低频系统继电保护研究的开展具有一定的参考作用。

基于电流模结构的超宽带无源混频器设计

采用SMIC 55 nm CMOS工艺,提出基于电流模结构的2~8 GHz超宽带高线性度直接下变频无源混频器结构.本设计主要结构为低噪声跨导放大器(low noise transconductance amplifier,LNTA)驱动I/Q两路电流模无源混频器,负载为低输入阻抗的跨阻放大器(trans-impedance amplifier,TIA),即LNTA-Passive Mixer-TIA结构.LNTA采用电容交叉耦合以及双端正反馈结构,解决阻抗匹配以及噪声等关键参数的折中问题.整个接收机链路获得较好的线性度及噪声性能,对于电源电压以及衬底噪声的鲁棒性也有所提升.后仿结果表明,在电源电压1.2 V情况下,射频输入信号频率为2~8 GHz,1 dB压缩点为−5.5 dBm,带内输入三阶交调点为−1 dBm,整体噪声系数为4 dB,核心版图面积为0.12 mm^(2).

双圆极化近场成像张量全息超表面

近场波束赋形可用于近场通信、无线功率传输等领域,而基于全息超表面设计的近场成像天线具有剖面低、无需馈电网络和波束调控灵活等优势。对标量和张量全息超表面近场成像进行了理论推导、仿真分析和实物验证。在此基础上,利用张量全息超表面设计了一款集成平面馈源的近场成像天线,全波仿真和测试结果相吻合,验证了该超表面具有可同时利用左旋和右旋圆极化进行近场成像的能力。

基于虚拟阻抗VPI谐振控制器的MMC环流抑制策略

针对MMC相间环流包含的二倍频以及偶次高倍频问题,该文提出了基于虚拟阻抗VPI谐振控制器的新型环流抑制策略,该策略通过虚拟阻抗与VPI谐振控制器结合,从而有效抑制环流中二倍频及偶次高倍频。首先建立了模块化多电平换流器(modular multilevel converter,MMC)的数学模型,分析了内部环流;其次将环流二倍频分量利用陷波器精准提取之后采用VPI谐振控制器进行抑制;最后设计了虚拟阻抗,抑制环流中的高频谐波分量。利用Matlab/Simulink搭建三相MMC仿真模型并进行验证。

弱电网下新能源逆变器自同步电压源低电压穿越控制方法

新能源并网逆变器的自同步电压源控制技术对构建以新能源为主体的新型电力系统具有重大意义,然而当弱电网电压发生跌落时,传统的自同步控制方法在低电压穿越(low voltage ride through,LVRT)过程中会出现由于电网阻抗大、相角差大等引起的瞬态电流冲击大、弱电网电压无法维持稳定、电压-电流控制能力须相互平衡等一系列问题。推导了低电压跌落时弱电网电压矢量与弱电网阻抗、并网电流之间的关系以及影响因素,进而提出了一种基于暂稳态阻抗重塑的多状态跟随自同步电压源LVRT控制方法,通过稳态阻抗来平衡电压和电流之间的控制能力;通过暂态阻抗重塑保证了整个过程的电压与电流瞬态控制与平滑过渡能力。为了进一步保证弱网下跌落和恢复过渡过程的平滑切换与稳定运行,提出了基于多状态跟随的暂态控制策略,优先发出无功支撑电网电压,并补偿相角和幅值突变带来的瞬态过电压和过电流冲击,帮助电网电压平稳过渡。最后,在Matlab/Simulink中验证了所提控制方法的正确性与有效性。

生物电阻抗法测量18~42岁成人四肢骨骼肌质量的准确性评价

目的评价生物电阻抗法(bioelectrical impedance analysis,BIA)测量成人四肢骨骼肌质量(appendicular skeletal muscle mass,ASM)的准确性。方法采用方便抽样法,于2021年4月至2022年9月在广州全市招募836名18~42岁成人,采用BIA与双能X线吸收法(dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry,DXA)同步检测ASM。以DXA为标准方法,通过组内相关系数以及在对数变换数据中进行Bland-Altman分析判断BIA与DXA所测值的一致性,以此评价BIA测量ASM的准确性。绘制受试者工作特征曲线,评价BIA识别低肌肉质量的诊断价值。结果最终纳入774名研究对象。男、女性中两法所测ASM组内相关系数分别为0.774和0.667。男、女性中BIA与DXA所测ASM比值均值(一致性限)分别为0.94(0.80~1.10)和0.91(0.78~1.05)。BIA识别男、女性低肌肉质量的曲线下面积分别0.91和0.94。BIA判断男、女性低肌肉质量的Z值最佳界值分别为-0.57和-0.66,男性中BIA识别低肌肉质量的灵敏度、特异度分别为82.5%、86.0%,女性中分别为86.8%、93.8%。结论BIA与DXA所测成人四肢骨骼肌质量的一致性尚可,且BIA识别18~42岁成人低肌肉质量的诊断价值较好。

Design and Test of a CMOS Low Noise Amplifier in Bluetooth Transceiver

A RF low noise amplifier,integrated in a single bluetooth transceiver chip and fabricated in 0.35μm digital CMOS technology,is presented.Under the consideration of ESD protection and package,design methodology is discussed from the aspects of noise optimization,impedance match,and forward gain.At 2.05GHz,the measured S 11 is -6.4dB, S 21 is 11dB with 3dB-BW of 300MHz,and NF is about 5.3dB.It indicates that comprehensive consideration of parasitics,package model,and reasonable process is necessary for RF circuit design.

基于线路阻抗特性的SOP低电压穿越控制策略

分布式新能源出力具有波动性,且接入位置不均匀,当其规模化接入配电网后将增大发生故障的概率。在配电网发生故障时,增强并网电力电子设备的低电压穿越(low voltage ride through,LVRT)性能是保障配电网稳定运行的技术关键,已成为当前研究热点之一。以柔性互联配电网中的柔性电力电子开关(soft open point,SOP)为对象,结合配电网馈线线路阻抗特性,提出一种基于线路阻抗特性的SOP LVRT控制策略。首先,分析线路阻抗对换流器接入公共耦合点(point of common coupling,PCC)电压的影响,并推导出利用换流器注入功率抬升电压的机理;其次,提出基于馈线出线侧及换流器本地量测数据的PCC点至故障点的线路等效阻抗测量方法;然后,构建基于阻抗测量法的SOP LVRT整体策略;最后,在PSCAD仿真平台上验证所提控制策略,结果表明,在不同电压跌落范围内,所提SOP LVRT控制策略能同时补偿有功功率和无功功率,较仅采用无功补偿能更明显提升PCC电压水平。

低阻抗电解液添加剂二氟磷酸锂的研究进展

在锂离子电池电解液添加剂中,二氟磷酸锂(LiDFP)可改善电池多方面的性能,尤其是其出色的低阻抗效果受到高度关注。综述了LiDFP在调节固体电解质界面膜(SEI)阻抗,改善电池低温性能、倍率性能和高温稳定性等方面的研究进展,介绍了LiDFP在实际应用中存在的问题和解决方案。阐述了LiDFP的作用机理,并对低阻抗电解液添加剂的开发进行了展望。

基于虚拟阻抗的低压配电网拓扑识别方法

当前拓扑识别技术难以反映潮流特性对拓扑识别的影响,基于配电网现有量测数据,通过分析节点间的电气距离,提出了虚拟阻抗的概念。将节点间具备电气意义的且与电气距离成正相关的连续变量定义为虚拟阻抗,并提出了一种基于虚拟阻抗的低压配电网拓扑识别方法。首先,构建以节点间虚拟阻抗为因变量的多元线性回归方程。然后,通过岭回归计算每一个单相电表与关口电表构成的回归方程的虚拟阻抗,根据计算结果快速判别出拓扑关系异常的电气设备。最后,建立基于导数动态时间弯曲(derivative dynamic time warping,DDTW)距离的校验模型,重新构建得到电气设备的正确拓扑关系,实现低压配电网拓扑关系的修正。以实际的低压配电网台区样本数据为依据,验证了所提方法的有效性。

一种低功耗低失调的集成运算放大器

针对高精度、低功耗运放的需求,利用40V双极型工艺设计了一款电源电压为3~30V的低功耗、低失调集成运算放大器。该运放为单片四通道结构,利用一个不完全对称的二级运放,以减小电路的功耗,同时使得输入级失调得到有效改善。并且在输入级加入了一对射极跟随器,增大电路的输入阻抗,使得输入基极电流有效减小。芯片的测试结果表明,在-55~125℃的范围内,平均开环增益可以达到105.998dB,平均失调电压为159.27μV,平均输入偏置电流为-5.787nA,平均输入失调电流为-0.287nA,单个运放的平均电源电流为189.679μA。

超低密度水泥浆固井质量改进方法研究

随着油气田勘探和开发的不断深入,对于一些极低压力地层条件,有时低密度水泥浆也无法满足安全固井施工的需求,只能采用超低密度水泥浆解决平衡压力固井问题。由于现有低密度固井质量评价标准不能客观准确地反映超低密度水泥浆的真实胶结质量,因此,对超低密度水泥浆在不同养护条件下的水泥石的声学特性、力学参数等进行了实验检测,分析了影响超低密度水泥石力学及声学特性的因素及规律。研究结果表明:密度、温度、养护时间均会对超低密度水泥石的声速和抗压强度发展产生影响,其中,温度对水泥石早期影响较大,后期影响小;水泥石密度越高,声阻抗与抗压强度越高,声阻抗与弹性模量存在线性关系,与抗压强度呈指数关系;建立了超低密度水泥浆固井套管波相对声幅计算公式,研究结果为制定超低密度水泥浆固井质量评价指标提供了基础。

基于智能电能表量测数据的低压供电线路健康状态评估

针对低压台区长期运行的供电线路存在老化等异常情况,文章提出了基于回路阻抗变化的低压供电线路健康状态评估方法,所提方法通过计量装置自动采集各电力数据节点的电压电流数据,根据其中电压和电流的突变情况来计算线路回路阻抗,进一步得到对应线路的回路阻抗特性情况,然后与被检测线路的正常阻抗数据进行比较,经过相应的数据处理绘制阻抗变化曲线,由线路阻抗变化情况来对其进行健康状态评估。最后,通过有关实例分析验证了该方法的有效性。