A Phase II Study of Antineoplastons A10 and AS2-1 in Children with Low-Grade Astrocytomas—Final Report (Protocol BT-13)

Nonresectable Low-Grade Astrocytomas (LGA) can compromise function and threaten life. For the majority of patients, the most appropriate strategy is initial chemotherapy followed by Radiation Therapy (RT). Since curative treatment is not available for most of these patients, it is reasonable to conduct clinical studies to evaluate new agents. This Phase II study evaluates efficacy and safety of Antineoplastons A10 and AS2-1 (ANP) in LGA. Sixteen children diagnosed with LGA were treated. They included 12 males and 4 females, ages 1.6 - 17.4 years (median 10.6). Efficacy was evaluated in 16 patients. The majority of patients were previously treated, but 1 patient had stereotactic biopsy only. Out of the remaining 15 patients, 6 patients received chemotherapy, and 7 patients had surgery, and 2 patients received RT and chemotherapy after surgery. The patients received treatment with ANP administered daily every 4 hours (median dose of A10 was 7.71 g/kg/d and AS2-1 was 0.26 g/kg/d) until objective response or stable disease was documented and for 8 months thereafter. The duration of ANP IV ranged from 1.4 to 286 weeks with a median of 83 weeks. A complete response was documented in 25.0%, partial response in 12.5%, and stable disease in 37.5%. Overall survival was 67.7% at 5 years, and 54.2% at 10 and 15 years. Progression-free survival was 48.1%, 34.4% and 34.4% at 5, 10, and 15 years respectively. The treatment was associated with grade 3 or grade 4 Adverse Drug Experiences (ADE) in 6 patients. There were two hypernatremias of grade 4 (12%). Grade 3 ADE included urinary frequency (6%), fatigue (6%) and hypernatremia (6%). There were no chronic toxicities, and there was a high quality of survival. ANP shows efficacy with a very good toxicity profile in this cohort of children with low-grade astrocytoma.

The Solid-liquid Transformation of Low-grade Solid Potash Deposit in Dalangtan Basin and the Simplification of the Liquid Phase System

We studied the solid-liquid transformation of low-grade solid potash deposit in Dalangtan Basin and simplified the liquid phase system.We did experiments to optimize conditions of the solid-liquid transformation.The Suitable

Phase composition, transition and structure stability of functionally graded cemented carbide with dual phase structure

The phase composition, phase transition and phase structure transformation of the wire-cut section of functionally graded WC-Co cemented carbide with dual phase structure were investigated by XRD phase analysis. It is shown that the composition of η phase in the core zone is Co_3W_3C (M_6 C type). The structure of cobalt based solid solution binder phase is fcc type. At the cooling stage of the sintering process, the phase transition of η phase, i.e. M_6C→M_12C and the martensitic phase transition of the cobalt based solid solution binder phase, i.e. fcc→hcp are suppressed, which facilitates the strengthening of the alloy. Because the instantaneous temperature of the discharge channel is as high as 10 000 ℃ during the wire cutting process, the processed surface is oxidized. Nevertheless, the oxide layer thickness is in micro grade. In the oxide film, η phase is decomposed into W_2C and CoO, and cobalt based solid solution binder is selectively oxidized, while WC remains stable due to the existence of carbon containing liquid organic cutting medium.

Generalized thermoelastic interaction in functional graded material with fractional order three-phase lag heat transfer

The present work is concerned with the solution of a problem on thermoelastic interactions in a functional graded material due to thermal shock in the context of the fractional order three-phase lag model. The governing equations of fractional order generalized thermoelasticity with three-phase lag model for functionally graded materials(FGM)(i.e., material with spatially varying material properties) are established. The analytical solution in the transform domain is obtained by using the eigenvalue approach.The inversion of Laplace transform is done numerically. The graphical results indicate that the fractional parameter has significant effects on all the physical quantities. Thus, we can consider the theory of fractional order generalized thermoelasticity an improvement on studying elastic materials.

Adaptive phase field modelling of crack propagation in orthotropic functionally graded materials

In this work,we extend the recently proposed adaptive phase field method to model fracture in orthotropic functionally graded materials(FGMs).A recovery type error indicator combined with quadtree decomposition is employed for adaptive mesh refinement.The proposed approach is capable of capturing the fracture process with a localized mesh refinement that provides notable gains in computational efficiency.The implementation is validated against experimental data and other numerical experiments on orthotropic materials with different material orientations.The results reveal an increase in the stiffness and the maximum force with increasing material orientation angle.The study is then extended to the analysis of orthotropic FGMs.It is observed that,if the gradation in fracture properties is neglected,the material gradient plays a secondary role,with the fracture behaviour being dominated by the orthotropy of the material.However,when the toughness increases along the crack propagation path,a substantial gain in fracture resistance is observed.

Time-dependent effects in transient liquid phase bonding of 304L and Cp-Ti using an Ag-Cu interlayer

One of the challenges for bimetal manufacturing is the joining process.Hence,transient liquid phase(TLP)bonding was performed between 304L stainless steel and Cp-Ti using an Ag-Cu interlayer with a thickness of 75μm for bonding time of 20,40,60,and 90 min.The bonding temperature of 860℃ was considered,which is under the β transus temperature of Cp-Ti.During TLP bonding,various intermetallic compounds(IMCs),including Ti_(5)Cr_(7)Fe_(17),(Cr,Fe)_(2)Ti,Ti(Cu,Fe),Ti_(2)(Cu,Ag),and Ti_(2)Cu from 304L toward Cp-Ti formed in the joint.Also,on the one side,with the increase in time,further diffusion of elements decreases the blocky IMCs such as Ti_(5)Cr_(7)Fe_(17),(Cr,Fe)_(2)Ti,Ti(Cu,Fe)in the 304L diffusion-affected zone(DAZ)and reaction zone,and on the other side,Ti_(2)(Cu,Ag)IMC transformed into fine morphology toward Cp-Ti DAZ.The microhardness test also demonstrated that the(Cr,Fe)_(2)Ti+Ti_(5)Cr_(7)Fe_(17) IMCs in the DAZ on the side of 304L have a hardness value of HV 564,making it the hardest phase.The maximum and minimum shear strength values are equal to 78.84 and 29.0 MPa,respectively.The cleavage pattern dominated fracture surfaces due to the formation of brittle phases in dissimilar joints.

Characterizing the Spheroidization Grade and Strength of 15CrMo Steel through Determining Fractal Dimension

The fractal dimension（FD） of surfaces has been widely used to characterize the properties of materials.However,most of the previous researches were concentrated on the correlation between the FD of surfaces and mechanical properties of materials,such as impact energy and fracture toughness,etc.The aim of this paper is to characterize the spheroidization grade and strength of 15CrMo steel through determination of FD of cementite phase on the basis of two-dimension microstructural image.Two methods,namely slit-island method（SIM） and box-counting method（BCM）,are used to determine the value of FD.It is found that the FD value evaluated by using BCM is generally higher than that evaluated by SIM.This phenomenon may be due to the difference in the principles used in different methods.Whether SIM or BCM is used,the spheroidization grade in 15CrMo steel linearly increases with decreasing the value of FD.The relationship between the FD value,D,and spheroidization grade,Sg,can be approximately expressed as D≌-0.11Sg＋A,where A is a constant value which is depended on the evaluation method.Both the ultimate strength and the yielding strength of 15CrMo steel increase with increasing FD of cementite phase.There may be a common relationship between the FD of cementite phase and strength of 15CrMo steel.When the FD of cementite phase in 15CrMo steel is determined,the strength of this steel can be evaluated.The present paper can provide a novel method to evaluate the strength and spheroidization grade of carbon steel through determination of fractal dimension（FD） of cementite phase.

运用verification phase判定男大学生最大摄氧量的研究

目的:运用verification phase对男大学生递增负荷运动测试(GXT)测定的最大摄氧量(VO_(2max))进行判定,探讨verification phase应用的可行性。方法:招募13名健康男大学生作为受试者,完成跑台GXT,休息20 min,进行verification phase,使受试者再次力竭。在GXT和verification phase过程中采用便携式心肺功能仪Cosmed k5进行实时呼吸气体分析,运用verification phase判定指标(△VO_(2),即两次力竭测试的VO_(2max)差异)和现行判定指标(VO_(2)平台、HR_(max)、RER_(max)、BLA_(max)、RPE)对受试者的VO_(2max)进行判定。结果:(1)在GXT、verification phase两次力竭测试中,VO_(2max)的绝对值和相对值均无显著性差异(P>0.05),HR_(max)、RER_(max)、BLA_(max)及RPE均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。GXT力竭时间显著长于verification phase(P<0.05)。(2)在GXT中,13名(100%)受试者均出现VO_(2)平台;9名(69.2%)受试者的HR_(max)>(220-年龄)bpm;8名(61.5%)受试者的RER_(max)>1.10;12名(92.3%)受试者的BLA_(max)>8 mmol·L-1;7名(53.8%)受试者的RPE≥18,达到各自判定标准。(3)11名(84.6%)受试者的△VO_(2)在±3.0%内,符合verification phase判定标准;另2名受试者的△VO_(2)分别为3.1%、3.4%,超过verification phase判定标准。(4)达标的11名受试者的VO_(2max)可取值为两次力竭测试VO_(2max)的均值或任一测试的VO_(2max)值;另2名受试者的VO_(2max)可取值为verification phase测试的VO_(2max)值或两次力竭测试VO_(2max)的均值。结论:运用verification phase可判定男大学生在GXT中测出的VO_(2max)的真实性。

Multiple-target tracking with adaptive sampling intervals for phased-array radar

A novel adaptive sampling interval algorithm for multitarget tracking is presented. This algorithm which is based on interacting multiple models incorporates the grey relational grade （GRG） into the particle swarm optimization （PSO）. Firstly, the desired tracking accuracy is set for each target. Secondly, sampling intervals are selected as particles, and then the advantage of the GRG is taken as the measurement function for resource management. Meanwhile, the fitness value of the PSO is used to measure the difference between desired tracking accuracy and estimated tracking accuracy. Finally, it is suggested that the radar should track the target whose prediction value of the next sampling interval is the smallest. Simulations show that the proposed method improves both the tracking accuracy and tracking efficiency of the phased-array radar.

Intelligent prediction model of matte grade in copper flash smelting process

Due to the importance of detecting the matte grade in the copper flash smelting process, the mechanism model was established according to the multi-phase and multi-component mathematic model. Meanwhile this procedure was a complicated production process with characteristics of large time delay, nonlinearity and so on. A fuzzy neural network model was set up through a great deal of production data. Besides a novel constrained gradient descent algorithm used to update the parameters was put forward to improve the parameters learning efficiency. Ultimately the self-adaptive combination technology was adopted to paralleled integrate two models in order to obtain the prediction model of the matte grade. Industrial data validation shows that the intelligently integrated model is more precise than a single model. It can not only predict the matte grade exactly but also provide optimal control of the copper flash smelting process with potent guidance.

A Phase II Study of Antineoplastons A10 and AS2-1 in Adult Patients with Primary Brain Tumors—Final Report (Protocol BT-09)

Antineoplastons A10 and AS2-1 (ANP) are synthetic derivatives of glutamine, isoglutamine, and phenylacetic acid. In 1993, a phase II clinical trial program began according to protocols based on the initial protocol, BT-06, which was transferred from the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Protocol BT-09 was designed for different types of primary brain tumors in adults that were not curable by standard treatment. The study was designed as a single arm, two-stage, phase II trial of ANP as a monotherapy in a high-risk, poor-prognosis population. The total number of registered subjects was 40. The majority of patients were diagnosed with high-grade tumors (N = 33). In this group, 12 patients carried diagnosis of anaplastic astrocytoma (AA) and 11 patients of glioblastoma. In the group of low-grade tumors (N = 7), there were 6 cases of low-grade glioma, and 1 neurocytoma grade 2. A group of 12 patients did not receive any prior treatment, 12 patients had surgical resection only, 5 patients received radiation therapy (RT) only, and 11 patients received both RT and chemotherapy. The median duration of ANP was 16.6 weeks. The median dosage of A10 was 7.16 g/kg/d and AS2-1 was 0.27 g/kg/d. Responses were accessed by gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Objective responses (OR) in all patients were 22.5% and in the AA group were 41.7% of patients. The median progression-free survival (PFS) in the AA group was 5.4 months. The median overall survival (OS) was 12.7 months and OS at 1 and 2 years was 54.5% and 45.5% correspondingly. The treatment was well-tolerated with reversible grade 3 and 4 toxicities in 35% of all patients (N = 40). In conclusion, the study reached efficacy endpoint and ANP was well-tolerated and compared favorably to the current treatment of AA.

An Investigation of Creep Resistance in Grade 91 Steel through Computational Thermodynamics

This study was conducted to understand the relationship between various critical temperatures and the stability of the secondary phases inside the heat-affected-zone(HAZ)of welded Grade 91(Gr.91)steel parts.Type IV cracking has been observed in the HAZ,and it is widely accepted that the stabilities of the secondary phases in Gr.91 steel are critical to the creep resistance,which is related to the crack failure of this steel.In this work,the stabilities of the secondary phases,including those of the M23C6,MX,and Z phases,were simulated by computational thermodynamics.Equilibrium cooling and Scheil simulations were carried out in order to understand the phase stability in welded Gr.91 steel.The effect of four critical temperatures—that is,Acl(the threshold temperature at which austenite begins to form),Ac3(the threshold temperature at which ferrite is fully transformed into austenite),and the M23C6 and Z phase threshold temperatures—on the thickness of the HAZ and phase stability in the HAZ is discussed.Overall,the simulations presented in this paper explain the mechanisms that can affect the creep resistance of Gr.91 steel,and can offer a possible solution to the problem of how to increase creep resistance at elevated temperatures by optimizing the steel composition,welding,and heat treatment process parameters.The simulation results from this work provide guidance for future alloy development to improve creep resistance in order to prevent type IV cracking.

功能梯度形状记忆合金纳米梁力学性能研究

功能梯度形状记忆合金(Functionally Graded Shape Memory Alloys,FG⁃SMA)兼具功能梯度材料和形状记忆合金的双重特性,故在航空航天、生物医疗、微机电系统(Micro Electro Mechanical System,MEMS)中得到了广泛的应用。当微结构尺度达到纳米尺度,表面效应对微结构力学性能的影响是十分显著的。为了探究表面效应对功能梯度形状记忆合金纳米梁力学性能的影响规律,基于梁弯曲理论及Gurtin⁃Murdoch表面弹性理论,考虑拉压不对称、温度对FG⁃SMA纳米梁的影响,建立了考虑表面效应的FG⁃SMA纳米梁相变力学模型。分析了梯度指数、载荷、温度及拉压不对称系数对FG⁃SMA纳米梁力学性能的影响规律。研究表明,弯矩、梯度指数对截面响应影响显著,而温度和拉压不对称系数对其影响较小;忽略表面效应的影响会低估FG⁃SMA纳米梁的抗弯性;在弯矩达到一定程度后,表面效应对FG⁃SMA纳米梁中性轴偏移趋势影响不大。研究结果对FG⁃SMA纳米梁在微机电领域的设计及应用提供了一定的基础与依据。

颗粒级配对选区激光烧结打印结合常压固相烧结制备碳化硅陶瓷性能的影响

SiC陶瓷因其独特的热学、电学性能及优异的力学性能,被广泛应用于航空航天、核能、化工、半导体等国防与工业重大领域,但是传统的成型方法无法满足大尺寸复杂构件的制备需求。选区激光烧结(SLS)打印具有无需支撑、材料利用率高、加工效率高等优势,能高效成型复杂陶瓷结构零部件。本研究采用颗粒级配SiC的方法,系统研究了冷等静压(CIP)、前驱体浸渍热解(PIP)、CIP结合PIP后常压固相烧结等工艺对级配和中位径82μm未级配体系SiC陶瓷的影响。研究发现,级配粉末成型坯体的体积密度和抗弯强度比未级配坯体均提升了20%以上,级配体系CIP后常压固相烧结体的相对致密度达到了90%以上,实现了致密化烧结,而未级配体系烧结体的相对致密度仅为89%,这是由颗粒级配后坯体的堆积密度提升所致,且级配烧结体的抗弯强度(136.8 MPa)比未级配(99.4 MPa)提升了37%以上。采用多次重复PIP结合常压固相烧结的方法制备高致密的SiC陶瓷,发现SLS打印成型的坯体经四次PIP后致密度可达到CIP堆积致密的效果,但四次PIP后常压固相烧结体的体积密度仅为2.29 g/cm^(3),抗弯强度为59.6 MPa。

改进残差网络的肾细胞癌ISUP分级研究

术前预测透明细胞肾细胞癌(clear cell renal cell carcinoma,ccRCC)的分级可有效评估患者的预后并指导临床治疗,但实现精准预测是目前本领域内的一项重要问题。该研究首先确定最优建模的CT类型与网络层数,提出了一种基于改进残差网络的ccRCC的CT影像分级模型,具体包括:利用大卷积操作对图像进行原始特征提取,利用混合注意力模块通过计算特征图中当前空间和临近空间以及当前空间和远距离空间之间的信息交互获取更多有用的特征,使得原始图像特征图在通道维度与空间维度上进行自适应特征细化,利用四个深度卷积网络层提取图像深度特征,并利用改进通道注意力模块产生通道注意力特征图信息,提取更多通道上的交互信息。实验结果表明,增强CT实质期图像和34层残差网络最有利于分级预测模型的开发,所提出的模型的总体加权准确率、AUC、精度、召回率和F1分数分别为90.8%、0.897、90.5%、90.8%、90.9%,各项指标优于其他常见网络结构,因此,该模型在预测ccRCC的国际泌尿病理学学会(International Society of Urological Pathology,ISUP)分级方面有良好的效能,对患者的临床辅助诊断和预后治疗具有重要的理论指导意义。

一种大型相控阵雷达外场高精度相位校正方法

针对大型相控阵雷达外场相位校正受风影响无法保证校正精度的难题,本文提出了一种外场高精度相位分级校正方法。采用激光标定法测量标校源风载条件下的晃动曲线和最大晃动速度,根据雷达工作频段及校正精度要求,计算出标校源最大晃动速度条件下的最小保精度校正时间,以最小保精度校正时间作为分级子阵规模划分的依据,通过多级校正完成全阵外场校正。仿真测试结果表明:在5级风载条件下,X波段相位校正精度均方根小于5.8°,最大栅瓣电平降低了9 dB,达到模拟移相器可以实现的精度要求。

分级阶段性干预联合强化营养支持对胃溃疡合并上消化道出血康复的影响

目的探讨分级阶段性干预联合强化营养支持对胃溃疡合并上消化道出血患者康复的影响。方法前瞻性随机对照研究,纳入郑州大学第一附属医院2020年7月至2022年7月确诊的82例胃溃疡合并上消化道出血患者,以随机数字表法将患者分成两组,每组41例。全部患者接受分级阶段性护理干预,对照组在此基础上接受常规营养支持,观察组接受强化营养支持,护理实施持续至患者出院。观察两组临床指标,包括止血时间、肠鸣音恢复时间及住院时间;于护理前后,检测两组患者营养指标,包括血红蛋白(HB)、白蛋白(ALB)、血清总蛋白(TP);护理后,自制护理满意度调查问卷评估两组患者护理满意度。结果两组患者均顺利完成研究,无退出病例。观察组止血时间、肠鸣音恢复时间以及住院时间均短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。护理前,两组患者HB、ALB、TP水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);护理后两组患者的HB、ALB、TP水平均升高,且观察组高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组护理总满意率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论分级阶段性干预联合强化营养支持能缩短胃溃疡合并上消化道出血患者止血时间,提高其营养水平,使其更好更快恢复,患者对护理的满意度高。

高温时效粗、细晶TP347HFG耐热钢管的显微组织与力学性能对比研究

目的揭示奥氏体晶粒粗化对该钢管服役可靠性的影响。方法采用预变形加固溶处理工艺制备粗晶试样,以模拟长期高温服役TP347HFG钢管中奥氏体晶粒异常长大状态。开展650℃直至3600 h时效后的粗、细晶TP347HFG钢试样显微组织及力学性能的对比研究。结果高温时效过程中,粗、细晶试样奥氏体晶粒大小基本保持不变,孪晶密度降低。第二相颗粒析出行为没有明显差异,M_(23)C_(6)相颗粒优先在奥氏体晶界析出、粗化,但粗晶试样中的M_(23)C_(6)相析出更快,粗化更明显。随时效时间延长,粗、细晶试样的室温、高温拉伸力学性能变化趋势基本一致,室温、高温强度变化不明显,但塑性相差较大。经650℃时效3600 h后,粗晶试样600℃拉伸时的断后伸长率较细晶试样显著下降了30.4%。结论粗晶TP347HFG钢管的高温塑性应受到重点关注。

基于HS-SPME-GC-MS对不同等级双井绿茶香气物质的研究

为探究不同等级双井绿茶香气物质组成特征,利用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术(Headspace solid-phase micro extraction and gas chromatography mass spectrometry,HS-SPME-GC/MS)对修水县双井银毫、双井绿茶特级、双井绿茶一级和双井绿茶二级四个不同等级的双井绿茶的香气物质进行了检测分析。结果表明,从四个不同等级的双井绿茶中共鉴定出70种香气物质,主要包括醇类、烯烃类、烷烃类、酯类等化合物。不同等级的双井绿茶中香气物质组成及相对含量均有差异,通过主成分分析(Principal component analysis,PCA)和偏最小二乘法-判别分析(Partial least squares-discriminant analysis,PLS-DA),可以有效区分不同等级的双井绿茶。不同等级双井绿茶香气差异主要由反式-β-金合欢烯、香叶醇、水杨酸甲酯、茉莉酮、苯乙醇等14种关键化合物差异引起。在不同等级双井绿茶中关键香气物质表现出不同的分布规律,随着芽叶开展,α-椰油烯、石竹烯及己酸乙酯含量降低,而顺式-3-己烯醇、香叶醇及水杨酸甲酯含量呈增加趋势,芳樟醇、茉莉酮、反式-橙花叔醇含量从低到高,随后含量又迅速下降。本文研究了不同等级双井绿茶中香气物质的组成特征及关键香气物质的分布规律,为今后双井绿茶生产提供了理论依据。

水解时间对纤维素纳米晶体性质及其连续相分离行为的影响

本研究采用硫酸水解法制备了一系列细菌纤维素纳米晶体(BCNC),并考察了酸水解时间对BCNC性能及其连续相分离行为的影响。结果表明,随着酸水解时间的延长,BCNC的长度、直径和长径比均逐渐减小。当不同酸水解时间制备的BCNC悬浮液的质量分数均调整到5.00%时,仅酸水解60 min制备的BCNC悬浮液出现连续相分离现象,且第2次相分离得到的各向异性相(BCNC_(60-2b))的体积分数明显小于第1次相分离得到的各向异性相(BCNC_(60-1b))的体积分数。各向同性相和各向异性相BCNC级分的性质存在明显差异,其中各向异性相BCNC的长度、直径、长径比、Zeta电位绝对值和结晶度,均大于相应各向同性相BCNC。因此,多分散的BCNC粒子的自组装不是随机发生的,不同的BCNC粒子具有不同的自组装优先级,而连续相分离行为可用于BCNC的分级。