A reliability-based stochastic system optimum congestion pricing(SSOCP) model with endogenous market penetration and compliance rate in an advanced traveler information systems(ATIS) environment was proposed. All trav...A reliability-based stochastic system optimum congestion pricing(SSOCP) model with endogenous market penetration and compliance rate in an advanced traveler information systems(ATIS) environment was proposed. All travelers were divided into two classes. The first guided travelers were referred to as the equipped travelers who follow ATIS advice, while the second unguided travelers were referred to as the unequipped travelers and the equipped travelers who do not follow the ATIS advice(also referred to as non-complied travelers). Travelers were assumed to take travel time, congestion pricing, and travel time reliability into account when making travel route choice decisions. In order to arrive at on time, travelers needed to allow for a safety margin to their trip.The market penetration of ATIS was determined by a continuous increasing function of the information benefit, and the ATIS compliance rate of equipped travelers was given as the probability of the actually experienced travel costs of guided travelers less than or equal to those of unguided travelers. The analysis results could enhance our understanding of the effect of travel demand level and travel time reliability confidence level on the ATIS market penetration and compliance rate; and the effect of travel time perception variation of guided and unguided travelers on the mean travel cost savings(MTCS) of the equipped travelers, the ATIS market penetration, compliance rate, and the total network effective travel time(TNETT).展开更多
通过对国内外文献的比较研究发现:中西方学者对竞争与利润、市场份额与价格弹性的经验研究结果相悖。中西方学者从跨文化视角出发对这一现象进行了解释。首先,运用独立样本检验(Mann-Whitney U test)方法证明了中西方管理者对竞争的好...通过对国内外文献的比较研究发现:中西方学者对竞争与利润、市场份额与价格弹性的经验研究结果相悖。中西方学者从跨文化视角出发对这一现象进行了解释。首先,运用独立样本检验(Mann-Whitney U test)方法证明了中西方管理者对竞争的好恶以及产品渗透定价策略本身存在不同的偏好;其次,运用逻辑回归(Binary Logistic)方法发现中西方管理者的文化差异(竞争偏好、集体主义价值取向、对法律和规章的重视程度等因素)与其做出的产品渗透定价决策存在因果关系。展开更多
The penetration pricing strategy is discussed in this paper firstly, and then the Kamikaze pricing and relevant problems are analyzed. Finally some countermeasures are presented for enterprise to avoid sinking Kamikaz...The penetration pricing strategy is discussed in this paper firstly, and then the Kamikaze pricing and relevant problems are analyzed. Finally some countermeasures are presented for enterprise to avoid sinking Kamikaze pricing.展开更多
基金Project(12YJCZH309) supported by Humanities and Social Sciences Youth Foundation of the Ministry of Education of ChinaProject(20120041120006) supported by Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education,China
文摘A reliability-based stochastic system optimum congestion pricing(SSOCP) model with endogenous market penetration and compliance rate in an advanced traveler information systems(ATIS) environment was proposed. All travelers were divided into two classes. The first guided travelers were referred to as the equipped travelers who follow ATIS advice, while the second unguided travelers were referred to as the unequipped travelers and the equipped travelers who do not follow the ATIS advice(also referred to as non-complied travelers). Travelers were assumed to take travel time, congestion pricing, and travel time reliability into account when making travel route choice decisions. In order to arrive at on time, travelers needed to allow for a safety margin to their trip.The market penetration of ATIS was determined by a continuous increasing function of the information benefit, and the ATIS compliance rate of equipped travelers was given as the probability of the actually experienced travel costs of guided travelers less than or equal to those of unguided travelers. The analysis results could enhance our understanding of the effect of travel demand level and travel time reliability confidence level on the ATIS market penetration and compliance rate; and the effect of travel time perception variation of guided and unguided travelers on the mean travel cost savings(MTCS) of the equipped travelers, the ATIS market penetration, compliance rate, and the total network effective travel time(TNETT).
文摘通过对国内外文献的比较研究发现:中西方学者对竞争与利润、市场份额与价格弹性的经验研究结果相悖。中西方学者从跨文化视角出发对这一现象进行了解释。首先,运用独立样本检验(Mann-Whitney U test)方法证明了中西方管理者对竞争的好恶以及产品渗透定价策略本身存在不同的偏好;其次,运用逻辑回归(Binary Logistic)方法发现中西方管理者的文化差异(竞争偏好、集体主义价值取向、对法律和规章的重视程度等因素)与其做出的产品渗透定价决策存在因果关系。
文摘The penetration pricing strategy is discussed in this paper firstly, and then the Kamikaze pricing and relevant problems are analyzed. Finally some countermeasures are presented for enterprise to avoid sinking Kamikaze pricing.
