Effective data transmission through energy-efficient clustering and Fuzzy-Based IDS routing approach in WSNs

Wireless sensor networks(WSN)gather information and sense information samples in a certain region and communicate these readings to a base station(BS).Energy efficiency is considered a major design issue in the WSNs,and can be addressed using clustering and routing techniques.Information is sent from the source to the BS via routing procedures.However,these routing protocols must ensure that packets are delivered securely,guaranteeing that neither adversaries nor unauthentic individuals have access to the sent information.Secure data transfer is intended to protect the data from illegal access,damage,or disruption.Thus,in the proposed model,secure data transmission is developed in an energy-effective manner.A low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy(LEACH)is developed to efficiently transfer the data.For the intrusion detection systems(IDS),Fuzzy logic and artificial neural networks(ANNs)are proposed.Initially,the nodes were randomly placed in the network and initialized to gather information.To ensure fair energy dissipation between the nodes,LEACH randomly chooses cluster heads(CHs)and allocates this role to the various nodes based on a round-robin management mechanism.The intrusion-detection procedure was then utilized to determine whether intruders were present in the network.Within the WSN,a Fuzzy interference rule was utilized to distinguish the malicious nodes from legal nodes.Subsequently,an ANN was employed to distinguish the harmful nodes from suspicious nodes.The effectiveness of the proposed approach was validated using metrics that attained 97%accuracy,97%specificity,and 97%sensitivity of 95%.Thus,it was proved that the LEACH and Fuzzy-based IDS approaches are the best choices for securing data transmission in an energy-efficient manner.

基于LEACH协议的能量优化方法

针对低功耗自适应聚类协议产生的整体能耗不均及网络生命周期短的问题,提出一种改进的能量优化方法。结合能量模型、节点发送及融合数据的综合能耗计算簇头比例;利用节点剩余能量与节点基站间的距离,优化成簇阶段中簇头选取阈值公式。在普通节点入簇阶段,引入簇规模密度,避免簇规模差距过大,采用就近原则与簇密度规模更新簇头。在数据传输阶段,引入“热区”边界对簇头分类,不同类簇头采用不同的数据传输方式。仿真结果表明,所提方法能均衡网络能耗且延长网络生命周期。

Two-Level Linear Clustering Protocol Based on Wireless Sensor Networks

Aiming at the defects of the nodes in the low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy （LEACH） protocol, such as high energy consumption and uneven energy consumption, a two-level linear clustering protocol is built. The protocol improves the way of the nodes distribution at random. The terminal nodes which have not been a two-level cluster head in the cluster can compete with the principle of equivalent possibility, and on the basis of the rest energy of nodes the two-level cluster head is selected at last. The single hop within the cluster and single hop or multiple hops between clusters are used. Simulation experiment results show that the performance of the two-level linear clustering protocol applied to the Hexi corridor agricultural field is superior to that of the LEACH protocol in the survival time of network nodes, the ratio of success, and the remaining energy of network nodes.

Research on Improved Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks

In wireless sensor networks(WSNs), due to the limited battery power of the sensor nodes, the communication energy consumption is the main factor to affect the lifetime of the networks. A reasonable design of the communication protocol can effectively reduce the energy consumption of the network system. Based on low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy(LEACH), an improved LEACH protocol in WSNs is proposed. In order to optimize the cluster head(CH) election in the cluster setup phase, the improved LEACH takes into account a number of factors, including energy consumption of communication between nodes, remaining energy of the nodes,and the distance between nodes and base station(BS). In the steady phase, one-hop routing and multiple-hop routing are combined to transmit data between CHs to improve energy efficiency. The forward CH is selected as relay node according to the values of path cost. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm performs better in balancing network energy consumption, and it can effectively improve the data transmission efficiency and prolong the network lifetime, as compared with LEACH, LEACH-C(LEACH-centralized) and NDAPSO-C(an adaptive clustering protocol based on improved particle swarm optimization) algorithms.

A Distributed Clustering Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks

In the paper, we consider a network of energy constrained sensors deployed over a region. Each sensor node in such a network is systematically gathering and transmitting sensed data to a base station （via clusterhead） for further processing. The key problem focuses on how to reduce the power consumption of wireless microsensor networks. The core includes the energy efficiency of clusterheads and that of cluster members. We first extend low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy （LEACH）＇s stochastic clusterhead selection algorithm by a factor with distance-based deterministic component （LEACH-D） to reduce energy consumption for energy efficiency of clusterhead. And the cost function is proposed so that it balances the energy consumption of nodes for energy efficiency of cluster member. Simulation results show that our modified scheme can extend the network life around up to 40% before first node dies. Through both theoretical analysis and numerical results, it is shown that the proposed algorithm achieves better performance than the existing representative methods.

Cluster Head Selection and Multipath Routing Based Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Network

The Wireless Sensor Network(WSN)is a network of Sensor Nodes(SN)which adopt radio signals for communication amongst themselves.There is an increase in the prominence of WSN adaptability to emerging applications like the Internet of Things(IoT)and Cyber-Physical Systems(CPS).Data secur-ity,detection of faults,management of energy,collection and distribution of data,network protocol,network coverage,mobility of nodes,and network heterogene-ity are some of the issues confronted by WSNs.There is not much published information on issues related to node mobility and management of energy at the time of aggregation of data.Towards the goal of boosting the mobility-based WSNs’network performance and energy,data aggregation protocols such as the presently-used Mobility Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy(LEACH-M)and Energy Efficient Heterogeneous Clustered(EEHC)scheme have been exam-ined in this work.A novel Artificial Bee Colony(ABC)algorithm is proposed in this work for effective election of CHs and multipath routing in WSNs so as to enable effective data transfer to the Base Station(BS)with least energy utilization.There is avoidance of the local optima problem at the time of solution space search in this proposed technique.Experimentations have been conducted on a large WSN network that has issues with mobility of nodes.

LEACH-EE——基于LEACH协议的高效聚类路由算法

为延缓传感器网络寿命,减少能量的消耗,提出一种基于LEACH协议的高效聚类路由算法(LEACH-EE)。它通过簇头来收集数据,然后簇头之间形成一个多跳的通向基站的最优路径,最后数据融合给一个簇头传给基站。这样解决了LEACH协议的簇头节点负载过重的问题,以及改善了网络能量的消耗和网络的生存时间。实验证明此方法行之有效。

基于LEACH协议的簇头选举改进算法

以减小LEACH协议簇形成过程中的能量消耗为目的,提出一种改进的簇头选举算法LEACH-ECHC。当所有簇头的剩余能量最小值小于某个阈值时,进行全网选举;当簇头能量小于该簇剩余能量的平均值时,进行簇内选举,并对簇头产生的阈值进行优化。仿真结果显示,LEACH-ECHC算法有更高的能量有效性,可以延长网络寿命,使节点能耗更均衡。

无线传感器网络LEACH协议的改进

延长传感器网络的生存周期,降低传感器节点的能耗成为无线传感器网络(WSN)研究的重点。基于LEACH协议中簇头生成算法提出了改进、调整节点竞选簇头的阀值函数,并在非簇头节点选择适合自己的最优簇头时综合考虑了候选簇头节点的剩余能量以及距基站的距离等因素,给出了新的成簇机制的适合因子的计算公式。仿真结果表明,新型簇首选择机制能够有效平衡节点的能耗分布,延长节点与网络的寿命。

基于LEACH和PEGASIS的簇头成链可靠路由协议研究

减少能耗、延长网络寿命是无线传感网络的关键技术。基于LEACH和PEGASIS算法,提出一种改进的有效路由算法。改进的算法规定LEACH中簇头数目为5个,利用PEGASIS算法使簇头成链,并选择剩余能量最多的簇头传送信息给基站。在选择簇头时,考虑节点的剩余能量,给节点设置一个能量阈值,小于该值则不能当选为簇头,因此提高了网络的健壮性。理论分析和仿真结果表明,改进后的算法比LEACH算法生命周期提高117%~351%,且能耗更加均匀,同时与PEGASIS相比,时延提高290%。

无线传感器网络LEACH协议的研究与改进

在无线传感器网络体系结构中,网络层的路由技术至关重要。在分析了低功耗自适应分簇协议(low energyadaptive clustering hierarchy,LEACH)及LEACH相关的路由协议之后,提出一种基于LEACH的能量高效分簇路由算法(energy-efficient clustering routing algorithm based on LEACH,LEACH-EE)的改进算法。网络中所有节点形成固定的分簇,根据簇内节点的剩余能量来依次竞争簇首,同时尽量减少节点与基站之间的通信。簇内成员节点采用流量发送概率的方式向簇首传输数据监测信息。簇间采用多跳方式转发数据,可以有效地避免簇首能量消耗不均衡的问题。NS2仿真实验表明,改进后的算法有效地延长了无线传感器网络的寿命。

无线传感器网络LEACH路由协议研究与改进

针对LEACH算法随机选取簇头,未考虑节点剩余能量及单跳与sink节点通信造成能量损耗过快的问题。引入以剩余能量及邻居节点数作为权重因子的时间等候簇头竞争模式选取簇头,并提出LEACH与蚁群算法相结合建立簇间路由机制,采用局部信息素更新,综合簇头节点的剩余能量及节点距离,为簇首与sink节点通信建立多跳路由,达到降低簇头节点能耗过快的目的。仿真实验结果表明,改进算法在降低能耗、延长网络生命周期等方面较LEACH算法有较大提高。

WSN中一种基于LEACH协议的改进算法

在无线传感器网络(wireless sensor network,WSN)中P,如何解决漏斗效应、有效平衡节点的能量分布,是延长网络生存时间的关键问题.针对漏斗效应提出一种基于低功耗自适应集簇分层型(1ow energy adaptive clusteringhierarchy,LEACH)协议的改进簇首控制算法(cluster control based on LEACH,CC-LEACH),通过sink辅助选择簇首分布.仿真证明,这种新型簇首选择机制能更好地进行能量均衡,延长网络生命周期.

基于备用节点的无线传感器网络LEACH协议的改进

无线传感器网络中路由协议最重要的设计目标是延长网络生存时间.基于已有的LEACH协议,融入了负载平衡和备用节点的思想,让备用节点尽量处于睡眠状态,对LEACH协议进行了改进.分析与仿真结果表明,当节点密度较大时,改进协议保证了簇的规模在整个网络中合理均匀的分布,并可显著地延长网络生存时间.

WSN中LEACH路由协议的改进及仿真

针对低功耗自适应聚类(LEACH)路由协议中簇头节点在空间上分布不均以及在远距离数据传输过程中能量消耗过多等不足,提出一种改进的LEACH路由协议LEACH-ZMH,其中采用基于区域的簇头选择和簇间多跳数据传输的方法。给出LEACH-ZMH的正确性证明和复杂性分析。NS2仿真表明,改进的协议有效延长了网络的存活时间,性能优于LEACH协议。

LEACH协议的簇头多跳(LEACH-M)改进算法

节能高效的实现路由转发是路由设计的一个关键点。总结了目前已有的无线传感器网络的传输路由模式,发现早先提出的LEACH协议虽是无线传感网中的低功耗自适应分层路由算法,但会造成簇头节点负载过重。成簇算法是传感器网络中减少能量消耗的一种关键技术。提出的是基于LEACH算法的多跳路由改进算法,并在考虑簇头最优个数的选择下,通过采用簇头之间的多跳算法达到减少能量消耗、延长传感网的寿命的目的。实验表明此方法有效。

WSN中LEACH协议的研究及改进

针对低功耗自适应分簇(LEACH)路由协议中簇头节点选择的不合理以及在远距离数据传输过程中能量消耗过多的不足,提出了一种新的改进算法——LEACH-EDH。在分簇阶段,它充分考虑了节点的能量和地理位置;在传输阶段,采用了基于概率的混合路由算法。仿真结果表明,该算法有效地平衡了网络的能量消耗,并显著地延长了网络的存活时间。

优化QoS的基于LEACH的无线传感器网络路由协议

为了保证无线传感器网络通信质量,同时尽可能地减少路由能量的消耗,对传统的LEACH算法进行改进,提出一种基于LEACH的优化通信质量的无线传感器网络路由协议——节点密度控制算法DC-LEACH算法.本协议的基本思想是通过选取具有良好通信位置的节点作为LEACH算法的簇首,减少网络中节点分布不均匀的情况对能量损耗和通信质量所造成的影响.协议采用概率分析的方法确定最优检测邻域范围,根据检测区域的节点密度确定簇首筛选阈值以进行簇首选举,建立分簇形式的网络路由协议.仿真实验的结果表明,本文提出的改进型协议能够在有效节约能耗的同时提高网络的通信质量.

一种能量高效的无线传感器网络改进LEACH协议

针对无线传感器网络(WSN)传统的层次聚类协议LEACH中的节点能量消耗速率快、网络生命周期短及通信能力弱等问题,提出了一种能量高效的改进LEACH协议(MOD-LEACH)。首先,全面兼顾节点剩余能量、邻居数量以及和基站间距离,求出节点作为簇头真实概率,借此优化簇头选举阈值。其次,节点按照簇头的能量、邻居数量和两者间距离,求出成本函数,从而科学判定簇头。最后,簇头根据与基站之间的距离通过单跳或者多跳方式和基站通信,以降低簇头能耗。仿真结果表明,MOD-LEACH协议性能比现有几种协议更优,该协议与LEACH、DEEC、H-LEACH相比,网络生命周期分别延长了61%、42.6%、14.2%,同时MOD-LEACH协议中基站接收的数据量相比其它三种协议也得到大幅提高。

无线传感器网络LEACH路由协议的研究与改进

LEACH(Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy)是一种经典的WSN分层路由协议,它采取自适应分簇算法,一定程度上延长了网络生存期。然而LEACH路由协议的簇头随机产生,没有考虑节点的剩余能量,未达到簇头最优。LEACH簇头与基站直接通信,如果两者距离较远,则会带来较大的能量损耗。结合LEACH及LEACH现有的一些改进算法,提出了一种新的路由协议(Advance-Leach)。它综合考虑了节点的剩余能量和簇首节点数目,簇头和基站之间采用单跳和多跳结合策略,有效地降低了能耗,保证了网络负载的平衡。仿真结果表明:该协议的能耗、数据成功接收率等性能得到了有效提高,延长了节点和网络的生命周期。