Improvement in resolution of fiber-laser photoacoustic tomography based on a virtual-point concept

In this study,a virtual-point concept was introduced into fiber-laser photoacoustic tomography to improve the elevational image resolution.The flexible fiber laser was bent into an arc shape to conform to the ultrasound wavefront,which formed an ultrasound focus at the center of the arc.The synthetic aperture focusing technique was utilized to reconstruct the images;as a result,the elevational resolution particularly within the out-of-focus region was considerably improved compared to the resolution of an image retrieved by multiplexing the PA time-resolved signals with sound velocity.The all-optical fiber-laser photoacoustic tomography system with a high spatial resolution has potential for various applications,including biomedical research and preclinical/clinical diagnosis.

Design of a coated thinly clad chalcogenide long-period fiber grating refractive index sensor based on dual-peak resonance near the phase matching turning point

A novel method for designing chalcogenide long-period fiber grating(LPFG) sensors based on the dual-peak resonance effect of the LPFG near the phase matching turning point(PMTP) is presented. Refractive index sensing in a high-refractive-index chalcogenide fiber is achieved with a coated thinly clad film. The dual-peak resonant characteristics near the PMTP and the refractive index sensing properties of the LPFG are analyzed first by the phase-matching condition of the LPFG. The effects of film parameters and cladding radius on the sensitivity of refractive index sensing are further discussed. The sensor is optimized by selecting the appropriate film parameters and cladding radius. Simulation results show that the ambient refractive index sensitivity of a dual-peak coated thinly clad chalcogenide LPFG at the PMTP can be 2400 nm/RIU, which is significantly higher than that of non-optimized gratings. It has great application potential in the field of chemical sensing and biosensors.

Review of Turn around Point Long Period Fiber Gratings

Long period fiber gratings are emerging as a potential candidate in the list of surrounding refractive index optical fiber sensors. Their sensitivity can be enhanced greatly if the grating period, fiber dimensions and surrounding refractive index are optimized in a way to operate at a point called turn around point on phase matching curves of these gratings. Turn around point LPFGs are well known for their ultrahigh sensitivity to external parameters. Potential of operating LPFG at or near turn around point has been investigated by many researchers in various applications including physical parameter sensing, adulteration detection, radiation dose, etc. Since TAP LPFGs are in investigation phase therefore a lot of rigorous & efficient work in finding techniques for optimizing their potential as sensor in chemical, biochemical, structural health monitoring is still to be carried out. A brief review of work carried out in this domain till now is presented here and key findings from literature review are highlighted.

Distributed fiber optic sensors for tunnel monitoring:A state-of-the-art review

Distributed fiber optic sensors(DFOSs)possess the capability to measure strain and temperature variations over long distances,demonstrating outstanding potential for monitoring underground infrastructure.This study presents a state-of-the-art review of the DFOS applications for monitoring and assessing the deformation behavior of typical tunnel infrastructure,including bored tunnels,conventional tunnels,as well as immersed and cut-and-cover tunnels.DFOS systems based on Brillouin and Rayleigh scattering principles are both considered.When implementing DFOS monitoring,the fiber optic cable can be primarily installed along transverse and longitudinal directions to(1)measure distributed strains by continuously adhering the fiber to the structure’s surface or embedding it in the lining,or(2)measure point displacements by spot-anchoring it on the lining surface.There are four critical aspects of DFOS monitoring,including proper selection of the sensing fiber,selection of the measuring principle for the specific application,design of an effective sensor layout,and establishment of robust field sensor instrumentation.These four issues are comprehensively discussed,and practical suggestions are provided for the implementation of DFOS in tunnel infrastructure monitoring.

DISPERSION AND IN SITU FORMED FIBER OF LOW MELTING POINT METALS IN POLYMER

The dispersion mechanism of low melting point metal (LMPM) particles in polymers was studied using Cox dilute emulsion model. The critical destruction shear stress sigma of LMPM droplets is sigma greater than 2 v/d. When sigma is small, LMPM droplets were dispersed and deformed ellipsoidal or bar droplets whose orientation direction is always at an angle of 45 degree with the direction of shear rate. When sigma is very big and droplets are very fine, polymer melt elasticity behavior and big boundary tension between a polymer melt and LMPM droplets make further fining LMPM droplets become more difficult. Therefore, LMPM droplets produce tensile flow and form LMPM microfibrils in situ in polymer melt. SEM photographs have shown the results predicted using dilute emulsion model. (Author abstract) 7 Refs.

基于三点弯曲试验的坝体模型材料研究

我国西南西北强地震区建设有多座高混凝土坝,采取适宜的抗震措施可有效改善大坝的抗震性能。纤维混凝土为混凝土坝抗震加固措施之一,为研究纤维混凝土模型材料的抗弯性能随纤维掺量的变化,按照质量掺量,设计1组对照组(0%)和6组试验组(0.17%、0.33%、0.67%、1.00%、1.33%、1.67%),采用三点弯曲试验测试了纤维混凝土的抗弯性能。结果表明,纤维掺量对材料的强度和变形性能影响均很大;随着纤维掺量的提高,材料的抗弯强度先略有降低之后明显提高,掺量为1.00%时,试块的弯拉强度最大,之后随着掺量提高强度不再增长;峰值荷载位移与纤维掺量大体上呈线性关系。

Effect of fiber angle on LYP steel shear walls behavior

Steel shear wall(SSW) was properly determined using numerical and experimental approaches.The properties of SSW and LYP(low yield point) steel shear wall(LSSW) were measured.It is revealed that LSSW exhibits higher properties compared to SSW in both elastic and inelastic zones.It is also concluded that the addition of CFRP(carbon fiber reinforced polymers) enhances the seismic parameters of LSSW(stiffness,energy absorption,shear capacity,over strength values).Also,stress values applied to boundary frames are lower due to post buckling forces.The effect of fiber angle was also studied and presented as a mathematical equation.

Combined optical fiber interferometric sensors for the detection of acoustic emission

A type of combined optical fiber interferometric acoustic emission sensor is proposed. The sensor can be independent on the laser source and make light interference by matching the lengths of two arms,so it can be used to monitor the health of large structure. Theoretical analyses indicate that the system can be equivalent to the Michelson interferometer with two optical fiber loop reflectors,and its sensitivity has been remarkably increased because of the decrease of the losses of light energy. PZT is powered by DC regulator to control the operating point of the system,so the system can accurately detect feeble vibration which is generated by ultrasonic waves propagating on the surface of solid. The amplitude and the frequency of feeble vibration signal are obtained by detecting the output light intensity of interferometer and using Fourier transform technique. The results indicate that the system can be used to detect the acoustic emission signals by the frequency characteristics.

Compression-induced stiffness in the buckling of a one fiber composite

We study the buckling of a one fiber composite whose matrix stiffness is slightly dependent on the compressive force. We show that the equilibrium curves of the system exhibit a limit load when the induced stiffness parameter gets bigger than a threshold. This limit load increases when the stiffness parameter is increasing and it is related to a possible localized path in the post-buckling domain. Such a change in the maximum load may be very desirable from a structural stand point.

Generalized Quasi-equilibrium Problems without Open Fibers

In this paper, we first prove some new selection and fixed point theorems in generalized convex spaces. Then, we establish some existence theorems of quasi-equilibrium and generalized quasi-equilibrium without the conditions of open fibers, by applying our selection and fixed point theorems.

Axial intensity in a fiber-optic confocal microscope

A fiber-optic confocal microscope has been analyzed by Fourier optics.It is found that the detected light intensity has three parts,each of which is depennted on the coupled lens,the detective lens,and the part comprised of the fiber and the microprobe.The simulated results show that the less the value of the parameter A is,which is dependent on the fiber and microprobe,the higher the axial resolution of the system is. For the case,as A→∞, the axial resolution is zero,which is corresponding to the conventional microscope.as A≤1,the axial resolution changes slightly,and is close to the optimal value,which is corresponding to the perfect confocal microscope.when the reflective loss takes place at the end of fiber,the contrast of axial intensity will decrease.All that will help the design of endoscope with confocal microscope at cellular level.

A Study on the Flexural Performance of UHPC Precast Deck-Joint Interface by the Exposure of Steel Fiber

As a solution against the serviceability problem caused by the cracks occurring at the UHPC precast deck-joint interface, this study proposes a method exposing the steel fiber at the interface and evaluates the corresponding flexural performance of the lap spliced construction joint. After having slowed down the strength development of the concrete placed in the joint of the precast deck by means of a curing retardant, the concrete at the interface is crushed so as to expose the steel fibers and the change in the flexural performance is observed experimentally according to the exposure of the steel fibers. The results show that, even if the ultimate strength and stiffness of the UHPC precast deck including the joint are mostly determined by the arrangement details of the rebar lap splice, the exposure of the steel fibers can secure stable ductile behavior and reduce the width of the cracks generated at the precast deck-joint interface under service load.

Computational model for short-fiber composites with eigenstrain formulation of boundary integral equations

A computational model is proposed for short-fiber reinforced materials with the eigenstrain formulation of the boundary integral equations （BIE） and solved with the newly developed boundary point method （BPM）. The model is closely derived from the concept of the equivalent inclusion Of Eshelby tensors. Eigenstrains are iteratively determined for each short-fiber embedded in the matrix with various properties via the Eshelby tensors, which can be readily obtained beforehand either through analytical or numerical means. As unknown variables appear only on the boundary of the solution domain, the solution scale of the inhomogeneity problem with the model is greatly reduced. This feature is considered significant because such a traditionally time-consuming problem with inhomogeneity can be solved most cost-effectively compared with existing numerical models of the FEM or the BEM. The numerical examples are presented to compute the overall elastic properties for various short-fiber reinforced composites over a representative volume element （RVE）, showing the validity and the effectiveness of the proposed computational modal and the solution procedure.

碳纤维含量对碳纤维增强聚醚醚酮复合材料弯曲性能和失效行为的影响

基于渐进损伤的VUMAT子程序,并引入了Johnson-Cook模型,通过Matlab生成了不同碳纤维占比的碳纤维增强聚醚醚酮(CFRP)复合材料,建立了三点弯曲有限元模型。通过分析应力—应变分布、载荷—位移曲线和吸收能—位移曲线得出以下结论:添加碳纤维有效改善了基体聚醚醚酮(PEEK)内部的应力—应变分布,显著提升了材料的力学性能、刚度和抗断裂性能。CFRP复合材料在三点弯曲过程中表现出更好的性能,能够承受明显的塑性变形,且有效避免裂纹扩展。此外,在相同位移载荷条件下,随着碳纤维含量增加,CFRP复合材料的位移逐渐减小。特别是在碳纤维质量分数为10%和20%的复合材料中,上表面和下表面的最大位移呈现出曲折的特点。结合应力—应变场的分布情况,这表明碳纤维的添加能有效提高材料的刚度和抗弯性能。

玄武岩纤维增强复合材料拉挤圆管抗弯性能研究

为使玄武岩纤维增强复合材料(Basalt Fiber Reinforced Polymer,BFRP)拉挤圆管在桥梁工程中得到更广泛地应用,对其抗弯性能进行试验及有限元分析。对2根长度为750 mm的BFRP拉挤圆管进行三点抗弯试验;采用LS-DYNA有限元软件对试验过程进行模拟,验证有限元模拟的正确性;在保持BFRP拉挤圆管总厚度不变的条件下,研究内、外层双向纤维布的铺设厚度和角度对抗弯性能的影响。结果表明:试件从加载至破坏分为线弹性阶段、下降阶段和残余阶段,试件破坏后残余强度较大且卸载后迅速回弹恢复几何形状;有限元模拟试件的荷载~滑移曲线、失效现象和试验结果吻合较好,有限元模拟正确;布置适量厚度的内、外层双向纤维布可以提高试件的抗弯承载力;将内、外层双向纤维布铺设方向由90°变为45°后,抗弯承载力进一步提高,随着外层45°纤维布厚度增加,破坏时的挠度下降。建议制作BFRP拉挤圆管时,布置适量厚度的双向纤维布,角度以45°为宜。

B/CFRP筋海水海砂活性粉末混凝土梁抗弯性能研究

为研究B/CFRP-SSRPC结构的抗弯性能,以配筋率及梁截面高度为研究因素,对5根B/CFRP-SSRPC梁开展四点弯曲试验研究,探究研究因素对B/CFRP-SSRPC梁极限承载力、跨中挠度及破坏模式等的影响规律.试验结果表明:增大配筋率仅对试验梁开裂后抗弯性能有明显提升,增大梁截面高度对试验梁开裂前及开裂后抗弯性能均有提升,且对试验梁开裂前抗弯性能的提升更明显;所有试验梁均为脆性破坏,破坏模式与配筋率密切相关;现行中国、美国两国FRP筋普通混凝土结构设计规范均低估了B/CFRP-SSRPC梁的抗弯承载力及抗剪承载力,计算误差分别受试验梁的破坏模式及剪跨比影响.

基于双峰谐振长周期光纤光栅的海水盐度传感器

为研制高灵敏海水盐度传感器,本文基于CO_(2)激光技术成功制备出一种工作在色散转折点(DTP)附近的长周期光纤光栅(LPFG)。首先,利用CO_(2)激光器在80μm细单模光纤上制备出工作在DTP附近的LPFG,证明了采用CO_(2)激光微加工技术制备较短周期LPFG的可能性。其次,通过调控CO_(2)激光器的制备周期,使高阶包层模式LP_(1,9)工作在DTP附近,从而显著提高了LPFG的折射率灵敏度。在双峰谐振增敏效应的作用下,当海水盐度从5.001‰变化到39.996‰时,光栅周期为115.4μm的双峰谐振LPFG平均灵敏度高达0.279 nm/‰。研究结果表明,本文制备的LPFG海水盐度传感器具有谐振损耗大和灵敏度高的优点,其在海水盐度监测领域具有较好的应用前景。

基于牵伸区纤维分布的浮游纤维动态行为模拟

为了实现牵伸过程中浮游纤维的动态行为模拟,基于牵伸区浮游纤维与其他纤维的接触关系,并充分考虑了等长纤维和不等长纤维的不同接触情况,模拟了接触纤维对浮游纤维的引导力和控制力,建立了变速点分布的模型,模拟了不同牵伸工艺参数下浮游纤维的变速点分布。结果显示:随着牵伸倍数的增大,变速点分布越来越集中,且逐渐靠近前钳口;随着罗拉握持距的增大,变速点分布越来越分散,且逐渐远离前钳口。该模拟得到的变速点分布与实测值趋势一致,准确度更高,可以用来预测牵伸区浮游纤维的变速点分布,为牵伸工艺数字化、智能化提供可靠的理论依据。

基于改进人工势场法的机织机器人避障路径规划

针对机织机器人自动化作业时的避障问题,提出基于改进人工势场法的三维避障路径规划算法。利用改进人工势场法中斥力势场函数,引入修正系数,在机织机器人陷入局部极小值点时增加虚拟障碍物,破坏其在虚拟力下的平衡状态,解决了人工势场法无法到达目标位置和局部极小值点的问题。通过体素化网格方法和快速凸包算法处理障碍物点云数据,重建实际障碍物模型,提高了碰撞检测效率。仿真结果表明,以点云数据重建障碍物模型并采用改进人工势场算法规划出的避障路径使机织机器人成功到达目标位置,末端位置精度平均提高37%,并避免陷入局部极小值点。

铜离子固载腈纶纤维的制备及其对水体磷酸盐的去除

为缓解过量磷对水体的富营养化影响,本研究以聚丙烯腈纤维为原料,通过胺化、配位反应,成功制备出一种新型磷酸盐吸附剂(PANAF-Cu),对水体中过量的磷进行回收再利用,同时实现对磷的高资源化利用.扫描电镜(SEM)、元素分析(EA)、X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)结果表明,胺基成功接枝,Cu^(2+)在纤维上固载,并通过Cu—N键与纤维骨架结合.吸附性能实验表明,PANAF-Cu具广泛的pH适应性,其中pH在5—8范围吸附能力较高.通过对实验数据进行模型拟合,发现PANAF-Cu对磷酸盐的吸附过程更接近于化学吸附,且PANAF-Cu对磷酸盐的吸附更趋向于均匀的单分子层吸附,其对磷的最大理论吸附量为49.03 mg·g^(−1).PANAF-Cu最优异的循环能力,8次吸-脱附循环后,去除率仍可达到90%以上.在连续流动实验中发现,当出水量小于2700 mL时,PANAF-Cu对磷酸盐去除率可维持在99%以上,PANAF-Cu在水体磷酸盐的去除和回收领域拥有良好的应用前景.