The superhydrophobic sponge decorated with Ni-Co double layered oxides with thiol modification for continuous oil/water separation

In this paper, the superhydrophobic polyurethane sponge(SS-PU) was facilely fabricated by etching with Jones reagent to bind the nanoparticles of Ni-Co double layered oxides(LDOs) on the surface, and following modification with n-dodecyl mercaptan(DDT). This method provides a new strategy to fabricate superhydrophobic PU sponge with a water contact angle of 157° for absorbing oil with low cost and in large scale. It exhibits the strong absorption capacity and highly selective characteristic for various kinds of oils which can be recycled by simple squeezing. Besides, the as-prepared sponge can deal with the floating and underwater oils, indicating its application value in handling oil spills and domestic oily wastewater. The good self-cleaning ability shows the potential to clear the pollutants due to the ultralow adhesion to water. Especially, the most important point is that the superhydrophobic sponge can continuously and effectively separate the oil/water mixture against the condition of turbulent disturbance by using our designed device system, which exhibit its good superhydrophobicity, strong stability.Furthermore, the SS-PU still maintained stable absorption performance after 150 cycle tests without losing capacity obviously, showing excellent durability in long-term operation and significant potential as an efficient absorbent in large-scale dispose of oily water.

Zwitterionic monolayer grafted ceramic membrane with an antifouling performance for the efficient oil-water separation

Enormous demands on the separation of oil/water(O/W)emulsions in various industries,such as petrochemical,food and pharmaceutical industries,are looking for high performance and energy-efficient separation methods.Ceramic membranes have been used to deal with O/W emulsions,for its outstanding characteristics of easy-operation,high-flux,and long-term stability.However,membrane fouling is still a challenge in the industrial application of ceramic membranes.Herein,antifouling ceramic membranes were fabricated by grafting zwitterions on the membrane surface via an environment-friendly two-step grafting method,which improves the antifouling property and permeability.Successful grafting of such zwitterion on the ceramic surface was assessed by the combination of FTIR and XPS characterization.More importantly,the hydration can be formed by electrostatic interactions layer on the modified membrane,which was confirmed by TGA characterization.The antifouling performance of prepared zwitterionic ceramic membranes in the separation of O/W emulsions was systematically tested.The results suggested that zwitterion can significantly improve the flux of ceramic ultrafiltration membrane,and can also improve antifouling property dramatically by reducing the irreversible fouling in the separation of O/W emulsions.Therefore,zwitterionic ceramic membranes hold promising potentials as an antifouling,highly efficient and green method in the practical purification of the O/W emulsions.

Study on Flow Unit of Heavy Oil Bottom Water Reservoir with Over-Limited Thickness in Offshore Oilfield

The upper Ming section of L oilfield is a typical offshore heavy oil bottom-water reservoir with thick fluvial layers. All horizontal wells are developed by natural energy. Due to the few drilling holes and influence by the resolution of seismic data, it is difficult to describe reservoirs with thickness over 20 meters. In this paper, seismic resonance amplitude inversion technology is introduced to restore the real response of thick reservoirs and interbeds by drilling and drilling verification, and the geological bodies with different thickness are displayed by frequency division RGB three primary colors. Flow units of heavy oil reservoirs with bottom water are divided according to the three major factors of interlayer, lithologic internal boundary and water-oil thickness ratio which have the greatest influence on horizontal well development, thick sand bodies are divided into 10 different flow units in three levels, each unit is separated from each other, and the reservoir structure, water-cut characteristics and water-flooding characteristics are different. The reliability of the research is improved by using the dynamic data of horizontal wells and newly drilled passing wells, which provides a basis for tapping the potential of heavy oil reservoirs with bottom water.

大庆油田裸眼井测井技术进展与展望

为了提高大庆油田裸眼井测井技术支撑能力和研究成果领先水平,全面回顾了大庆油田测井采集系列及解释技术的创新发展历程,系统总结了特高含水期剩余油解释、火山岩等复杂岩性测井评价、碎屑岩储量参数解释、非常规油气“甜点”分类、缝洞型碳酸盐岩储层测井评价等油田勘探开发测井评价技术。在客观分析大庆油田勘探开发测井解释评价需求和面临瓶颈问题的基础上,结合当前油田测井评价对象规模小、物性差、埋藏深、地层结构复杂、非均质性强的特点。指明了测井解释评价核心技术主攻方向。围绕新阶段测井采集及解释评价技术体系完善与建立,对高分辨率和成像测井采集、后油藏时期和非常规测井解释评价、新一代智能解释技术体系等未来发展进行了展望。

缆控智能分层注水一体化工艺的创新应用

缆控智能分层注水一体化工艺以井下智能测调配水器为核心,集成了流量计、控制电路、电机减速器、可调水嘴和封隔器验封等关键技术。通过实时监测和自动测调控制算法,系统能够精确控制各分层配水器水嘴开度,实现对油田分层注水的数字化和网络化管理。此工艺的关键技术涵盖了注水管柱的设计与功能、地面控制器的组成与功能、井下控制装置如智能测调配水器、高精度流量计和一体化可调水嘴的研发与应用,以及供电和通信电缆的密封与保护技术。实践证明,缆控智能分层注水一体化工艺在提高注水效率、降低人工干预、提升注水合格率等方面表现突出,已在多个油田项目中取得显著成效,大幅度降低了生产成本,提高了油田开发效益。

基于J函数建模的M油藏水淹层测井评价

滨里海盆地M油藏属于稠油油藏,目的层埋深较浅,储层较为疏松。油田开发主要以热采为主,水窜容易造成油藏水淹,且新井初期含水率较高,为此开展水淹层测井评价对于制定科学合理开发调整方案,提高油田开发效率具有重要的意义。通过J函数建模求取原始含油饱和度来评价水淹层,基于M油藏取芯井的岩心资料,结合粒度分析、铸体薄片、扫描电镜、物性分析及压汞实验等方法,通过毛管压力曲线对目的层J函数进行建模,计算原始含油饱和度,对比原始含油饱和度与目前含油饱和度评价水淹层。结合生产测试结论,证明J函数方法在水淹层评价方面效果较好,这种方法对于构造油藏水淹层评价具有重要的参考意义。

多层砂岩油藏分层注水井分注井段优化方法

针对现有分层注水井分注层段确定方法实用性较差的技术问题,开展了分注层段优化方法研究。应用生产动态大数据分析方法,确定出与分注段划分密切相关的10项地质参数;利用归一化、变权及矩阵等数学变换方法,建立了分注层段计算数学模型;结合油藏数值模拟技术和矿场动态监测拟合技术,形成了以10项地质参数为基础,以提高油层动用程度为目标的合理分注政策界限优化方法。实例计算表明,该方法所需参数容易获得,计算过程简单,克服了现有方法仅考虑静态地质参数适用性差,或需要建立复杂地质模型开展数值模拟的繁琐计算过程等,实现了利用注入端、采出端及井网间三类地质参数辅以简单数学计算即可确定分注方案的新方法。以井组gXⅡ为例,应用该方法优化并现场实施,油层动用程度提高了15.7个百分点、产油量增加了23.4 t/d、综合含水率下降了1.16个百分点,验证了分注井段优化新方法的实用价值。

高倾角厚油层注水开发影响因素数值模拟——以H断块P油藏为例

油水重力分异作用对高倾角厚油层注水开发效果影响较大,以H断块P油藏为研究对象,结合实际油藏地质参数,建立高倾角厚油层机理模型,并应用数值模拟方法系统研究了注采位置、地层倾角、油层厚度、储层韵律、注采比、采油速度、地层压力保持水平等7个主要因素对注水开发效果的影响。结果表明,构造低部位注水高部位采油和较大的地层倾角有利于发挥油水重力分异作用从而提高采收率;油层厚度增大采收率降低;反韵律储层因底部较低的渗透率抑制了注入水的重力低伏,采收率较其他韵律储层更高;最佳注采比为1.0,最佳采油速度为3.0%,地层压力保持在原始地层压力的70%~80%时,可以获得更好的开发效果。研究成果可为此类油藏制定注水开发策略提供参考。

中国海油油气勘探新进展与下步勘探方向

地质认识创新为油气勘探发现提供理论指导和科学依据。2023年,中国海油在隐蔽型潜山成圈机制、深水超浅层天然气富集模式等方面取得一系列地质新认识,指导渤海浅层岩性和隐蔽型潜山原油、珠江口盆地深水深层原油、琼东南盆地深水超浅层天然气、北部湾盆地涠西南凹陷页岩油、陆上鄂尔多斯盆地深煤层气等10个领域获重大发现,落实了4个亿吨级油田和1个千亿方气区。未来面对勘探领域日趋复杂、用海矛盾日益突出及海外勘探领域单一等诸多挑战,中国海油将加大风险勘探与甩开勘探力度,全力推动国内勘探和海外勘探协同发展,为油气增储上产提供坚实储量基础。

鄂尔多斯盆地西缘低对比度油层流体判识新方法

随着勘探开发的不断深入,油田勘探开发对象日益复杂化,油水层的低对比度特征愈加突出。受沉积微相、源储配置关系、充注程度等因素影响,低对比度油藏隐蔽性强、油水关系复杂,测井识别评价难度大,解释符合率偏低。因此,亟需建立有效的低对比度油层流体识别技术,提升测井解释精度。以鄂尔多斯盆地西缘环江西部长8储层为例,从研究岩性、物性、水性、含油性等方面入手,深入剖析研究区低对比度油层成因机理,研究认为地层水矿化度差异、束缚水饱和度高、油藏充注程度低是导致环江油田西部长8储层出现低电阻率、低对比度特征的重要因素。在此基础上建立流体敏感因子识别法;并从测井信号能量构成的角度出发,通过构建流体敏感测井曲线,基于小波变换算法,创新研发了多尺度小波能量谱流体识别技术;针对研究区油藏充注程度低,基于相渗实验创新形成了产水率细分油水同层评价方法。以上3种方法均有效提高了研究区低对比度油层流体性质判识能力,在低对比度油层识别方面应用效果显著。

吴起油田W油区长7油层油气成藏因素分析

针对油气藏分布及主控因素认识不清等问题,文章在烃源岩、储层等方面进行油气地质条件分析的基础上,从油水层识别、油气藏类型及分布等方面开展了油气控制因素分析工作。研究表明:(1)吴起油田W油区长7油页岩厚度在15~25 m,TOC含量远大于2%、Ro为0.8%;长73、长72、长71东北部砂体较为发育,主河道砂体厚度分别为15~25 m、15~23 m、15~28 m。(2)吴起油田W油区长7主要发育鼻状构造、砂岩透镜体、致密砂岩遮挡等类型油藏,主要富集三角洲前缘水下分流河道,河道砂岩与分流间湾泥岩的合理有效配置是成藏的关键。

Residual oil evolution based on displacement characteristic curve

The purpose of this study was to determine the displacement and dynamic distribution characteristics of the remaining oil in the two development stages of water flooding and subsequent alkaline surfactant polymer(ASP) flooding. The well pattern types in the water and ASP flooding stages are a longdistance determinant well pattern and short-distance five-point well pattern, respectively. The type A displacement characteristic curve can be obtained using the production data, and the slope of the straight-line section of the curve can reflect the displacement strength of the oil displacement agent. A numerical simulation was carried out based on the geological model. The results revealed that the injected water advances steadily with a large-distance determinant water-flooding well pattern. The single-well water production rate increases monotonically during water flooding. There is a significant positive correlation between the cumulative water-oil ratio and the formation parameter. Differential seepage between the oil and water phases is the main factor causing residual oil formation after water flooding, while the residual oil is still relatively concentrated. The effect of the chemical oildisplacement agent on improving the oil-water two-phase seepage flow has distinct stages during ASP flooding. The remaining oil production is extremely sporadic after ASP flooding.

陇东探井固井技术研究及应用

针对长庆油田陇东区块探井油层跨度大、地层水活跃、延长组和洛河组易发生漏失的固井难题,研制出低温增强剂GZQ、复合减轻剂GJQ,形成了强触变短候凝耐温差水泥浆体系、低摩阻耐压防漏水泥浆体系及配套固井工艺。现场应用表明,陇东区块实施的110口井的固井质量合格率大于95%,强触变短候凝耐温差水泥浆体系可有效解决侏罗系油水层固井质量差的问题,低摩阻耐压防漏水泥浆体系可有效减少洛河组、延长组发生漏失的固井难题,为陇东区块后续大规模开发固井提供了可靠的技术支撑。

基于主控因素分析的A87区块S油层复杂油水层识别方法

A87区块S油层储层物性差异大、含泥含钙较重,油水层识别难度大。利用岩心分析和测井及试油数据,研究泥质含量、钙质含量和孔渗参数与电阻率之间的关系,并结合典型的低阻油层、高阻水层以及不同孔渗油气层的测井响应特征和岩性物性特征,得出泥质、钙质、物性是影响研究区电阻率测井响应的主要因素。依据电阻率幅值特征与侵入特征的响应机理以及典型油水层的测井响应特征,得出区分水层与油层或油水同层最佳参数为R ILD/R LLD、(R ILM-R ILD)/R ILD,区分油层与油水同层的最佳参数是CNL、R LLD×Φ^(2)/1000,建立了油水层识别图版。对深侧向电阻率进行泥质和钙质影响校正,建立了泥钙校正后的油水层识别图版。利用泥钙校正的敏感测井响应与参数,建立了油水层识别决策树模型和支持向量机模型。与校正前的敏感参数建立的油水层识别图版相比,泥钙校正后的敏感参数建立的油水层识别图版、决策树模型和支持向量机模型精度和解释符合率均有一定提高。应用研究区12口投产井进行验证,表明3种方法均能较好地判别研究区油水层,且决策树模型识别研究区油水层效果最好。

基于机器学习的油水层解释新方法--以新安边油田南部长7油层组为例

储层物性测井解释工作是石油勘探开发的一项重要任务。由于复杂的地质条件和沉积环境,储层非均质性与测井响应特征之间的非线性关系表明,线性测井响应方程和经验统计公式已不能有效表征储层特征,传统的储层特性解释方法与研究人员经验直接相关,存在一定程度的不确定性,因此本研究提出基于机器学习方法对新安边油田南部长7油层组进行油水层解释。首先,筛选测井序列齐全且有准确试油结果的数据作为样本数据,对其进行数据清洗;其次,基于一对一支持向量机(OVO SVM)与随机森林(RF)算法分别建立油水层解释模型进行对比分析,利用10折交叉验证进行模型参数优选;最后,利用参数优选后性能较高的OVO SVM模型对部分测井信息进行二次解释。研究结果表明,OVO SVM模型性能优于RF模型,解释准确率超过90%,对新安边油田新增数据采用该模型进行二次解释,变更解释结果层位54层。

考虑注水体积倍数及离子交换的水淹层剩余油评价方法

准确求取注水开发过程中水淹层混合溶液矿化度和电阻率是评价油藏开发中后期储层水淹状况及剩余油饱和度的关键基础。通过了解岩心尺度不同矿化度水驱油岩电实验模拟矿场注水开发过程,理论分析建立考虑不同矿化度模拟地层水驱替过程注入水体积倍数及离子交换作用效率影响的混合地层水矿化度表征模型,准确表征了注水开发过程中储层混合流体性质变化,有效提升不同矿化度水驱过程中水淹层地层水电阻率计算精度。利用建立的方法在青海油田H区块实例井进行应用,计算水淹层含油饱和度与密闭取心分析含油饱和度符合率达到92.33%,解释水淹层与实际生产动态匹配性较好,证实建立模型的有效性,为水淹层高精度评价定量提供支撑。

华池—南梁油田长8油藏高阻水层解释方法

鄂尔多斯盆地华池—南梁油田长8油藏存在高阻水层,油水层对比度低,油层识别难度大。为提高油层判识率,以大量测井、录井资料和岩石物理实验为基础,确定油藏水层高阻的主控因素。根据不同类型高阻水层测井响应特征,利用中子、密度和声波时差测井数据,评价孔隙结构,识别复杂孔隙结构型高阻水层;利用中子—密度曲线交会特征进行电性因子校正,扩大油水流体特征,有效识别复杂润湿型高阻水层。通过对不同主控因素高阻水层测井响应特征研究,采用相应测井技术方法有效识别,提高图版油水特征值的准确度和测井解释符合率。

大庆厚油层内各结构单元分流率变化特征实验研究

为提高层内非均质储层各结构单元注采端分流率规律的认识,针对大庆喇嘛甸油田厚油层多段多韵律特征,通过“分注分采”岩心构建了层内非均质油藏模型,利用物理模拟实验分别研究了渗透率级差及注入速度对于水驱分流率变化规律的影响。结果表明,在水驱到0.4 PV时,分流率曲线出现“拐点”。在注入端,0.4 PV前,注入水主要进入高渗层;0.4PV后,中低渗透层吸液量增加。对于正韵律储层,随渗透率级差增加,中低渗透层波及体积减少,采收率减小;随平均渗透率增加,中低渗透层波及体积增加,水驱采收率增加。对于复合韵律储层,正反复合韵律大于反正复合韵律的采收率数值。在注入端,当注入速度为0.6 mL/min时,随注入PV数增大,高渗透层分流率增加,中低渗透层则减小。当注入速度分别为0.9 mL/min和1.2 mL/min时,随注入PV数增大,高渗透层分流率呈现“先增后降”,中低渗透层则呈“先降后增”趋势。随注入速度增加,中低渗层采收率及其占总采收率百分比逐渐提高。研究结果对于加深层内非均质油层内注采端分流率机理认识具有一定的指导意义。

PNN剩余油饱和度测井解释参数确定方法及应用

测井解释参数的确定是脉冲中子中子(PNN)测井剩余油饱和度定量解释的关键。首先分析了PNN饱和度定量解释标准岩石物理体积模型与改进模型形式上的统一性;然后阐述了俘获截面解释参数的确定方法,并基于PyQt工具包开发了图版法解释参数选择模块;最后利用该模块中的增强图版法对实际测井资料的解释参数进行了确定,并进行了饱和度计算。结果表明,PNN饱和度定量解释的关键为区域解释参数的选择,而图版法解释参数选择模块能避免改进模型中区域特征因子的确定问题,并能较准确得到不同组分的区域俘获截面解释参数。PNN测井饱和度计算结果与过套管电阻率饱和度计算结果一致性较好,且与实际生产动态情况相吻合,证明了俘获截面解释参数选取方法的可行性与准确性。该方法对PNN测井、热中子成像测井(TNIS)以及脉冲中子寿命测井(NLL)的饱和度定量解释具有指导意义和实际应用价值。

华池南梁地区高阻水层成因分析及油水识别方法

鄂尔多斯盆地华池南梁地区长8段属三角洲前缘水下分流河道沉积,该沉积背景下发育的砂体以岩屑长石砂岩、长石岩屑砂岩为主,部分储层物性好、电阻率高、录井显示含油性好,解释为油层,但其试油结果为水层,测井油水识别难度大。结合岩石薄片、岩石物理实验、测井、试油等资料,从储层岩性特征、物性分布、地层水矿化度、岩石润湿性等方面展开储层电阻率的影响因素分析,明确高阻水层主控因素;分析储层测井响应特征,建立残余油的定量表征因子;基于出水井电阻率与残余油指数关系,建立去除残余油影响的电阻率校正方法。用校正后的电阻率与声波时差做交会图版识别油水层,测井解释符合率明显提高,该识别方法具有一定的现场推广应用价值。