Effects of different energy levels in low-protein diet on liver lipid metabolism in the late-phase laying hens through the gut-liver axis

Background The energy/protein imbalance in a low-protein diet induces lipid metabolism disorders in late-phase laying hens.Reducing energy levels in the low-protein diet to adjust the energy-to-protein ratio may improve fat deposition,but this also decreases the laying performance of hens.This study investigated the mechanism by which different energy levels in the low-protein diet influences liver lipid metabolism in late-phase laying hens through the enterohepatic axis to guide feed optimization and nutrition strategies.A total of 288 laying hens were randomly allocated to the normal-energy and normal-protein diet group(positive control:CK)or 1 of 3 groups:lowenergy and low-protein diet(LL),normal-energy and low-protein diet(NL),and high-energy and low-protein diet(HL)groups.The energy-to-protein ratios of the CK,LL,NL,and HL diets were 0.67,0.74,0.77,and 0.80,respectively.Results Compared with the CK group,egg quality deteriorated with increasing energy intake in late-phase laying hens fed low-protein diet.Hens fed LL,NL,and HL diets had significantly higher triglyceride,total cholesterol,acetylCo A carboxylase,and fatty acid synthase levels,but significantly lower hepatic lipase levels compared with the CK group.Liver transcriptome sequencing revealed that genes involved in fatty acid beta-oxidation(ACOX1,HADHA,EHHADH,and ACAA1)were downregulated,whereas genes related to fatty acid synthesis(SCD,FASN,and ACACA)were upregulated in LL group compared with the CK group.Comparison of the cecal microbiome showed that in hens fed an LL diet,Lactobacillus and Desulfovibrio were enriched,whereas riboflavin metabolism was suppressed.Cecal metabolites that were most significantly affected by the LL diet included several vitamins,such as riboflavin(vitamin B2),pantethine(vitamin B5 derivative),pyridoxine(vitamin B6),and 4-pyridoxic acid.Conclusion A lipid metabolism disorder due to deficiencies of vitamin B2 and pantethine originating from the metabolism of the cecal microbiome may be the underlying reason for fat accumulation in the liver of late-phase laying hens fed an LL diet.Based on the present study,we propose that targeting vitamin B2 and pantethine(vitamin B5 derivative)might be an effective strategy for improving lipid metabolism in late-phase laying hens fed a low-protein diet.

Effects of Abrus cantoniensis Hance Extract on Blood Lipid of Laying Hen Feed with High Energy and Low Protein Diet

[Objectives]To explore the effects of Abrus cantoniensis Hance(ACH)extract on blood lipid indicators of laying hen fed with high energy and low protein diet.[Methods]Sixty 90-day-old laying hens were randomly divided into five groups:the blank control group(basic diet),the model group(high-energy and low-protein diet,HELPD),the low-dose group(HELPD+0.5 g ACH extract per hen,LACH),and the medium-dose group(HELPD+1 g ACH extract per hen,MACH),high dose group(HELPD+2 g ACH extract per hen,HACH).The ACH extract was administrated by drinking water for 48 d.[Results]Different doses of ACH could improve the pathological changes induced by high energy and low protein.ACH extract had no significant effect on blood routine indicators of laying hens(P>0.05).The contents of total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG)and low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)in the model group were significant-ly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05),while the content of high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in blood lipid between LACH group and model group(P>0.05).In MACH and HACH groups,the contents of TC,TG and LDL-C were significantly lower than those in the model group(P<0.05),and the content of HDL-C was significantly higher than that in the model group(P<0.05).[Conclusions]The ACH extract can regulate theHELPD-induced dyslipidemia in laying hens.

Breeding Status, Nesting Densities ＆ Diet Trends of Two Endangered California Least Tern Colonies

The California least tern （Sternula antillarum browni） is an endangered species. The two largest colonies of this bird species in the San Francisco Bay, California, USA, are located 23 km apart at Alameda Point and Hayward Regional Shoreline. The Alameda Point colony, on the former Naval Air Station, Alameda, has grown at an average rate of 9.2% per year since its discovery in 1976 and has a nesting density ranging from 1-153 nests per ha. Long-term breeding success at Alameda has averaged 0.86 fledglings per breeding pair. Least tems began appearing in 2003, at an island in Hayward enhanced with substrate mediums and social attraction devices. Successful breeding attempts have been observed at the Hayward colony since 2006. The Hayward colony has grown at an average rate of 51.5% per year, has a nesting density ranging from 33-333 nests per ha and long-term breeding success average of 0.87 fledglings per breeding pair. Dropped fish have been collected from both colonies, and silversides （family Atherinopsidae） are the dominant prey. Alameda terns forage on a greater variety of species than the Hayward terns. The regression results indicate the importance of Northern anchovy （Engraulis mordax） to the breeding success of the Alameda colony.

Low-protein diets supplemented with casein hydrolysate favor the microbiota and enhance the mucosal humoral immunity in the colon of pigs

Background:High-protein diets can increase the colonic health risks.A moderate reduction of dietary crude-protein(CP)level can improve the colonic bacterial community and mucosal immunity of pigs.However,greatly reducing the dietary CP level,even supplemented with all amino acids(AAs),detrimentally affects the colonic health,which may be due to the lack of protein-derived peptides.Therefore,this study evaluated the effects of supplementation of casein hydrolysate(peptide source)in low-protein(LP)diets,in comparison with AAs supplementation,on the colonic microbiota,microbial metabolites and mucosal immunity in pigs,aiming to determine whether a supplementation of casein hydrolysate can improve colonic health under very LP level.Twenty-one pigs(initial BW 19.90±1.00 kg,63±1 days of age)were assigned to three groups and fed with control diet(16%CP),LP diets(13%CP)supplemented with free AAs(LPA)or casein hydrolysate(LPC)for 4 weeks.Results:Compared with control diet,LPA and LPC diet decreased the relative abundance of Streptococcus and Escherichia coli,and LPC diet further decreased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria.LPC diet also increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus reuteri.Both LP diets decreased concentrations of ammonia and cadaverine,and LPC diet also reduced concentrations of putrescine,phenol and indole.Moreover,LPC diet increased total short-chain fatty acid concentration.In comparison with control diet,both LP diets decreased protein expressions of Toll-like receptor-4,nuclear factor-κB,interleukin-1βand tumor necrosis factor-α,and LPC diet further decreased protein expressions of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain protein-1 and interferon-γ.LPC diet also increased protein expressions of G-protein coupled receptor-43,interleukin-4,transforming growth factor-β,immunoglobulin A and mucin-4,which are indicators for mucosal defense activity.Conclusions:The results showed that supplementing casein hydrolysate showed beneficial effects on the colonic microbiota and mucosal immunity and barrier function in comparison with supplementing free AAs in LP diets.These findings may provide new framework for future nutritional interventions for colon health in pigs.

Effect of low-protein diet with supplementing different levels of DL-methionine on production performance of minks in growing-furring period

A study was conducted to evaluate production performance of minks in growing-furring period with supplementing DL-Methinnine （Met） in low protein diet. Seventy healthy male minks were randomly divided into five groups of 14 minks each. The minks were fed in five kinds of experiment diets （HP, LP, LP＋M1, LP＋M2 and LP＋M3）. The dietary protein levels, expressed as percentage of dry matter （DM）, were 32% （high protein, HP） and 24% （low protein, LP）. LP was supple- mented with Met 0.4% （M1）, 0.8% （M2） and 1.2% （M3） DM. From mid of September to December 10, apparent digestibility of CP （crude pro- tein）, N intake and urinary N excretion were decreased with declining dietary protein levels （p 〈 0.05） and N retained was the highest in treat- ment LP＋M2. No significant difference was found in total serum protein （TP） and serum urea nitrogen （SUN） among all treatment groups （p 〉 0.05）. Skin length of treatment HP and LP^M2 was higher than that of other groups （p 〈 0.05）. Body length, skin weight, length of guard hair and under hair were not affected by different dietary protein levels （p〉0.05）. The best performance could be observed in treatment LP＋M2. In diet, 24% （DM） protein level with 1.54% Met supplementing was enough for minks during growing-farring period. Dietary protein lowered from 32% to 24% with supplementing Met in diets would result in a37.9% decrease in urinary N excretion. Furthermore, addition of Met in diets for minks would be beneficial in terms of reducing feed expenses and lessening nitrogen emissions to the environment.

Effects of adding sodium dichloroacetate to low-protein diets on nitrogen balance and amino acid metabolism in the portaldrained viscera and liver of pigs

Background:Identifying regulatory measures to promote glucose oxidative metabolism while simultaneously reducing amino acid oxidative metabolism is one of the foremost challenges in formulating low-protein(LP)diets designed to reduce the excretion of nitrogen-containing substances known to be potential pollutants.In this study,we investigated the effects of adding sodium dichloroacetate(DCA)to a LP diet on nitrogen balance and amino acid metabolism in the portal-drained viscera(PDV)and liver of pigs.To measure nitrogen balance,18 barrows(40±1.0 kg)were fed one of three diets(n=6 per group):18%crude protein(CP,control),13.5%CP(LP),and 13.5%CP+100 mg DCA/kg dry matter(LP-DCA).To measure amino acid metabolism in the PDV and liver,15 barrows(40±1.0 kg)were randomly assigned to one of the three diets(n=5 per group).Four essential amino acids(Lys,Met,Thr,and Trp)were added to the LP diets such that these had amino acid levels comparable to those of the control diet.Results:The LP-DCA diet reduced nitrogen excretion in pigs relative to that of pigs fed the control diet(P<0.05),without any negative effects on nitrogen retention(P>0.05).There were no differences between the control and LP-DCA groups with respect to amino acid supply to the liver and extra-hepatic tissues in pigs(P>0.05).The net release of ammonia into the portal vein and production rate of urea in the liver of pigs fed the LP-DCA diet was reduced relative to that of pigs fed the control and LP diets(P<0.05).Conclusion:The results indicated that addition of DCA to a LP diet can efficiently reduce nitrogen excretion in pigs and maximize the supply of amino acids to the liver and extra-hepatic tissues.

Analysis of Overall Popularization of Low-Protein Diet

The shortage of protein feed resources and environmental pollution restrict the healthy and sustainable development of breeding industry,so it is imperative to promote low protein diet. Based on the current industry trends and national policies, this paper analyzes the background con-ditions, significance and specific measures of popularizing low-protein diets, in order to provide policy, theoretical and technical support for the im-plementation of low-protein diets throughout the year.

低蛋白日粮在畜禽养殖中的应用及前景展望

为解决我国面临的环境污染和蛋白质原料匮乏这两大瓶颈难题,通过调整日粮中蛋白质及其他营养成分的配比,可以在满足畜禽生长需求的同时减少蛋白质原料的进口量及氮磷的排泄量,降低环境污染等问题。低蛋白日粮对于改善畜禽生产性能和提高饲料效率等方面具有重要意义。本文梳理总结近年国内外低蛋白日粮在畜禽养殖中的应用研究进展,主要综述低蛋白日粮对不同畜禽生产性能、屠宰性能、血液生化指标、肠道健康状况以及氮磷代谢等方面的影响,探讨存在的问题与面临的挑战,并对未来发展前景进行了展望,为低蛋白日粮在畜禽生产中的应用和推广提供基本参考和理论支撑。

Leucine Supplementation in a Chronically Protein-Restricted Diet Enhances Muscle Weight and Postprandial Protein Synthesis of Skeletal Muscle by Promoting the mTOR Pathway in Adult Rats

Low protein intake causes a decrease in protein deposition in most animal tissues. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether leucine supplementation would increase the synthesis rate of protein and muscle weight in adult rats, which chronically consume only 58.8% of their protein requirements. Thirty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to one of three dietary treatments including a 20% casein diet （CON）, a 10% casein ＋ 0.44% alanine diet （R）, and a 10% casein ＋ 0.87% leucine diet （RL）. After a 10 d dietary treatment, plasma amino acid levels were measured after feeding, the gastrocnemius muscles and soleus muscles were harvested and weighed, and the fractional synthesis rate （FSR） and mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR） signaling proteins in skeletal muscle were measured. Regarding the plasma amino acid level, the RL group had the highest concentration of leucine （P 〈 0.05） and the lowest concentration of isoleucine （P 〈 0.05） among the three groups, and the CON group had a lower concentration of valine （P 〈 0.05） than the R and RL groups. Compared with the R and RE groups, the CON group diet significantly increased （P 〈 0.05） feed intake, protein synthesis rate, and the phosphorylation of eukaryutic initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 （4E-BP1）, and decreased the weight of abdominal adipose. Compared with the R group, the RL group significantly increased in gastrocnemius muscle weight, protein synthesis rate, and phosphorylation of both ribosomal protein $6 kinase 1 （56K1） and 4E-BP1. In conclusion, when protein is chronically restricted in adult rat diets, leucine supplementation moderately improves body weight gain and increases muscle protein synthesis through mTOR activation,

Different dietary starch patterns in lowprotein diets:effect on nitrogen efficiency,nutrient metabolism,and intestinal flora in growing pigs

Background:Protein releases amino acids faster than starch releases glucose in digestive tract of pigs fed lowprotein(LP)diets.Poor synchronization of dietary glucose and amino acids supply leads to compromised nitrogen efficiency.Dietary starch patterns modulation may improve this situation.Methods:Growing barrows(29.7±2.0 kg)were randomly allotted into 5 dietary treatments with LP diets consisting of different purified starches.Treatments included:waxy corn starch(W LP),corn starch+waxy corn starch(C+W LP),corn starch(C LP),pea starch+waxy corn starch(P+W LP)and pea starch(P LP).In the experiment,growth performance,protein deposition,nutrient metabolism,and fecal microbial community of pigs were investigated.In vitro starch digestion was used for predicting the in vivo glucose response.Results:Dietary starch in vitro glucose release profile was determined by starch source and the ratio of amylopectin and amylose.C+W LP treatment showed decreased total nitrogen excretion and plasma citrulline concentration and improved plasma leptin concentration among treatments(P<0.05).Besides,the highest nitrogen apparent biological value,whole-body protein deposition and growth performance and lowest urinary nitrogen excretion were also observed in C+W LP treatment.Compared with the other groups,C+W LP and C LP showed increased plasma pyruvate,IGF-1,and lipase concentrations(P<0.05).The W LP group presented dramatically increased plasma alanine and urea nitrogen concentration and decreased aldolase and leptin concentrations(P<0.05).Dietary starch patterns did not make an impact on bacterial richness and diversity,but changed the taxonomic and functional structures of the microbial communities.Microbial protein fermentation product(isobutyrate and isovalerate)presented increased in P LP treatments compared with the other treatments(P<0.05).Conclusions:Dietary starch patterns modulation can regulate dietary glucose release profile,nutrient metabolism,protein turnover,and fecal microbial fermentation in pigs.The optimal dietary glucose release profile effectively strengthened whole-body protein deposition and improve nitrogen efficiency and growth performance in growing pigs fed LP diets.

Diet and habitat affinities in six raptor species in India

Background: Sympatric species adapt to, and temporally or geographically segregate access to similar limiting factors.Methods: We compared nesting habitat and diet affinities of six raptor species in central India between the years 20062015.Results: A large composition of reptiles in the diet was characteristic for Circaetus gallicus, Spilornis cheela and Elanus caeruleus, while Aquila fasciata, Falco chicquera and Nisaetus cirrhatus show a higher proportion of birds. Species with greatest similarity of diet were C. gallicus and S. cheela. Considering the environmental characterization of areas where raptors built the nest, some species were ecologically closer than others. N. cirrhatus and S. cheela were related to the presence of water bodies, dry deciduous forest and evergreen forests, while E. caeruleus and C. gallicus preferred more open habitats. A. fasciata bred either on cliffs or trees, F. chicquera on trees or mobile towers, and the other four species built their nests exclusively in trees.Conclusions: We conclude that although there was overlap in diet and nesting ecology for a number of species, the geographical separation likely limits competition for resources.

日粮中添加饲料油菜养殖肉兔的效果分析

养殖肉兔时,适量补充饲料添加剂可促进肉兔生长、改善兔肉品质、降低饲料成本、提高养殖效益。为了更好地探寻日粮中添加饲料油菜对肉兔养殖所产生的影响,选择42日龄的新西兰白兔,按照公母均分成4个小组,1个小组为对照组,每天正常向其喂食,其他的3个小组在日粮中分别加入5%、10%、20%比例的饲料油菜。试验周期1个月,1个月之后对试验的结果进行统计分析。经过分析发现,在饲料中添加10%比例饲料油菜能够有效提升饲料的品质。由此可以发现,未来养殖肉兔过程中可以通过在其饲料中加入油菜来增强饲料营养成分,促进肉兔健康成长。

人工饲料专用蚕品种‘中2016×日2016’繁育技术总结

全龄人工饲料工厂化养蚕使蚕桑生产实现了规模化、集约化、标准化。针对目前工厂化养蚕采用的人工饲料专用蚕品种“中2016×日2016”,通过多年的蚕种繁育实践,本文总结了杭州市蚕桑技术推广总站对该品种繁育过程的技术措施,并介绍了有关杭州市蚕桑技术推广总站繁育该品种的经验心得及成绩。

Dietary crude protein and protein solubility manipulation enhances intestinal nitrogen absorption and mitigates reactive nitrogen emissions through gut microbiota and metabolome reprogramming in sheep

Dietary nutrient manipulation(e.g.protein fractions)could lower the environmental footprints of ruminants,especially reactive nitrogen(N).This study investigated the impacts of dietary soluble protein(SP)levels with decreased crude protein(CP)on intestinal N absorption,hindgut N metabolism,fecal microbiota and metabolites,and their linkage with N metabolism phenotype.Thirty-two male Hu sheep,with an age of six months and an initial BW of 40.37±1.18 kg,were randomly assigned to four dietary groups.The control diet(CON),aligning with NRC standards,maintained a CP content of 16.7%on a dry matter basis.Conversely,the experimental diets(LPA,LPB,and LPC)featured a 10%reduction in CP compared with CON,accompanied by SP adjustments to 21.2%,25.9%,and 29.4%of CP,respectively.Our results showed that low-protein diets led to significant reductions in the concentrations of plasma creatinine,ammonia,urea N,and fecal total short-chain fatty acids(SCFA)(P<0.05).Notably,LPB and LPC exhibited increased total SCFA and propionate concentrations compared with LPA(P<0.05).The enrichment of the Prevotella genus in fecal microbiota associated with energy metabolism and amino acid(AA)biosynthesis pathways was evident with SP levels in low-protein diets of approximately 25%to 30%.Moreover,LPB and LPC diets demonstrated a decrease in fecal NH_(4)^(+) eN and NO_(2) eN contents as well as urease activity,compared with CON(P<0.05).Concomitantly,reductions in fecal glutamic acid dehydrogenase gene(gdh),nitrite reductase gene(nirS),and nitric oxide reductase gene(norB)abundances were observed(P<0.05),pointing towards a potential reduction in reactive N production at the source.Of significance,the up-regulation of mRNA abundance of AA and peptide transporters in the small intestine(duodenum,jejunum,and ileum)and the elevated concentration of plasma AA(e.g.arginine,methionine,aspartate,glutamate,etc.)underscored the enhancement of N absorption and N efficiency.In summary,a 10%reduction in CP,coupled with an SP level of approximately 25%to 30%,demonstrated the potential to curtail reactive N emissions through fecal Prevotella enrichment and improve intestinal energy and N utilization efficiency.

硬壳蛤的人工育苗技术

硬壳蛤 (Mercenariamercenaria)亲贝于 2 0 0 0年由美国引入大连 ,采用阴干和温度变化刺激对其进行人工催产 ,亲贝诱导排放比例可达 80 %。水温 18～ 2 6℃ ,2 0 .5～ 2 4 0h胚胎发育到面盘幼虫 ,孵化率达 94 %。浮游幼虫前期饵料以湛江等鞭金藻 (Iscochrysiszhanjiangensis)为主 ,逐渐添加新月菱形藻 (Nizschiaclosterium) ,后期以新月菱形藻为主。硬壳蛤幼虫温度、盐度的适宜范围分别为 19～ 2 7℃、2 5 .0～ 3 3 .6。饵料以混合投喂效果最佳 ,湛江等鞭金藻次之。浮游幼虫培养 12～ 17d ,幼虫壳长达 2 0 0～ 2 10 μm ,采用在培养池底铺砂做附着基 ,幼虫变态率达 2 1% ,稚贝培养 3 0d后可达

滇金丝猴驯养的初步研究

本文报道的６只滇金丝猴（Ｒｈｉｎｏｐｉｔｈｅｃｕｓｂｉｅｔｉ）均捕自同一野生种群。由于在运输途中采用了降低应激反应药物，动物得以安全运出。笼养期间，试投以各种本地产植物的叶、花、果和蔬菜为食，结果有５６种为动物所接受。说明金丝猴的食性狭窄主要是受栖息地的限制。在以这些食物为主食的条件下，分别笼养了１４个月的３只（♀）、６个月２只（♂）和８０个月１只（♀）的滇金丝猴目前健康状况良好：成年个体的体重多有所增加，幼体的生长发育良好；结核菌素试验阴性，消化道和呼吸道细菌培养无致病菌生长。

TMR日粮添加寡糖和复合益生菌对育成牛生长性能、免疫功能及抗氧化功能的影响

试验旨在研究TMR日粮添加甘露寡糖配合复合益生菌在育成牛上的应用。36头娟荷育成牛被随机分为试验组和对照组,对照组饲喂的饲料为正常TMR日粮。试验组的饲料是TMR日粮添加5g/(头·d)的甘露寡糖和50g/(头·d)复合益生菌剂,试验期为60d。试验结果表明,饲喂甘露寡糖配合复合益生菌剂30d后育成牛的平均日增重显著提高。甘露寡糖配合复合益生菌剂对TIg、IgG和IgA抗体的水平有显著提高作用,但是对IFN-γ水平无明显影响。TMR日粮添加甘露寡糖配合复合益生菌后可显著提高SOD和GSH-Px活性,但对T-AOC活性水平没有多大影响。此外饲喂TMR日粮添加寡糖和复合益生菌可显著降低牛舍中氨气的含量。以上结果表明,TMR日粮添加寡糖和复合益生菌剂对可提高育成牛的生长性能、免疫功能和抗氧化性能,同时可以降低氨气的排放净化养殖环境的。

大型藻酶解单细胞用于贝类育苗的研究

用海藻工具酶将紫菜和裙带菜解离成单细胞作为饵料对海湾扇贝亲贝和幼体、魁蚶亲贝和皱纹盘鲍稚鲍进行了研究。结果表明 :(1)海湾扇贝亲贝全喂紫菜细胞其效果与喂全微藻的效果相近 ,亲贝都能成熟 ,排放精卵和正常胚胎发育。微藻与紫菜细胞混合投喂可加速性腺发育 ,性腺指数较高。全喂紫菜细胞能够满足幼体的生长发育和变态。但变态率、生长率较全喂微藻和混合投喂的低。 (2 )紫菜细胞和微藻分别或混合投喂魁蚶亲贝 ,都能满足亲贝的性腺发育 ,进行正常受精、孵化和变为D形幼体。 (3 )用裙带菜细胞投喂稚鲍与人工配合饵料比较 ,能显著提高稚鲍的存活率。研究表明 ,由大型藻生产单细胞饵料 ,在海产动物育苗中具有广阔的应用前景。

饲粮营养水平对三个地方品种鸡生长性能及屠体品质的影响

采用饲养试验、屠宰测定和肉质分析的方法比较了３种不同营养水平饲粮对地方品种鸡（“泰和鸡”、“黑羽乌骨鸡”、“中型黄鸡”）生长性能和肉质的影响。各品种鸡被随机分成３组（Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ），分别饲喂高、中、低３种能量和蛋白质水平的饲粮。结果表明，含较高能量和蛋白质的Ⅰ组饲粮可提高黑羽乌骨鸡的增重速度，在４周龄前尤其明显；泰和鸡４周龄体重Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组显著高于Ⅲ组（Ｐ＜０．０５）；中型黄鸡的增重以饲喂中等营养水平日粮的Ⅱ组稍高，但差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）。３个品种试验鸡的饲料转化率都以使用高营养水平的Ⅰ组日粮最优，单位增重耗料最少、单位增重花费的饲料成本也最低。饲粮营养水平对肉质有一定影响，低能低蛋白饲粮组鸡的肉质优于高能高蛋白日粮组鸡，各组试验鸡的肉质测定值均在优质鸡肉质标准范围之内。

一种花绒寄甲幼虫人工饲料的饲养效果评价

基于幼虫体质量、体长、结茧时间、成虫羽化率、羽化时间、雌雄比、成虫体质量及SOD、CAT、POD保护酶活力等指标,比较了以大麦虫和黄粉虫为主要原料制作的人工饲料与松墨天牛幼虫(对照组)饲养的花绒寄甲在这些指标上的差异。结果表明:经检验用人工饲料饲养的花绒寄甲各项指标与对照组相比并无显著性差异,此种人工饲料适合于花绒寄甲饲养。