Single-phase-to-ground fault protection based on zero-sequence current ratio coefficient for low-resistance grounding distribution network

Definite-time zero-sequence over-current protection is presently used in systems whose neutral point is grounded by a low resistance(low-resistance grounding systems).These systems frequently malfunction owing to their high settings of the action value when a high-impedance grounding fault occurs.In this study,the relationship between the zero-sequence currents of each feeder and the neutral branch was analyzed.Then,a grounding protection method was proposed on the basis of the zero-sequence current ratio coefficient.It is defined as the ratio of the zero-sequence current of the feeder to that of the neutral branch.Nonetheless,both zero-sequence voltage and zero-sequence current are affected by the transition resistance,The influence of transition resistance can be eliminated by calculating this coefficient.Therefore,a method based on the zero-sequence current ratio coefficient was proposed considering the significant difference between the faulty feeder and healthy feeder.Furthermore,unbalanced current can be prevented by setting the starting current.PSCAD simulation results reveal that the proposed method shows high reliability and sensitivity when a high-resistance grounding fault occurs.

Low-resistance ohmic contacts on InAlN/GaN heterostructures with MOCVD-regrown n+-InGaN and mask-free regrowth process

This paper studied the low-resistance ohmic contacts on InAlN/GaN with metal–organic chemical vapor deposition(MOCVD)regrowth technique.The 150-nm regrown n-InGaN exhibits a low sheet resistance of 31Ω/□,resulting in an extremely low contact resistance of 0.102Ω·mm between n^(+)-InGaN and InAlN/GaN channels.Mask-free regrowth process was also used to significantly improve the sheet resistance of InAlN/GaN with MOCVD regrown ohmic contacts.Then,the diffusion mechanism between n^(+)-InGaN and InAlN during regrowth process was investigated with electrical and structural characterizations,which could benefit the further process optimization.

The Channel Branches & Network Vessels on the Tianhui Lacquered Meridian Figurine——Taking the Heart-Regulated Channel as an Example

Along with the surge of unearthed medical literature and cultural relics in recent years,a network of channels in the system of medical conduit vessels(meridians) during the early Western Han dynasty has become much clearer gradually.In it,the increasing number of channel branches,network vessels and needle insertion holes(acupoints) is an important feature of the development of channel medicine during the Western Han dynasty.This is not only a reflection of the expanding requirements of the theoretical system of the main trunk channels and other vessels,but also an inevitable result of the continuous enrichment and accumulation of clinical experience.This article integrates the information about channel branches,network vessels,inscriptions,dots and further relics on the Tianhui(天回) Lacquered Meridian Figurine to compare the unearthed literature of the channel genre with the transmitted classical literature about acupuncture.The “Heart-Regulated Channel” in Medical Manuscripts on Bamboo Slips from Tianhui(《天回医简》) serves as an example to explain the occurrence,development and changes of the channel branches and network vessels in the early system of medical channels.

Scientific exploration and hypotheses concerning the meridian system in traditional Chinese medicine

The meridian theory is an important component of traditional Chinese medicine,playing a crucial role in disease diagnosis,treatment,and health preservation.Serving as the media for the effects of acupuncture,moxibustion,herbal medicine,and acupressure massage,meridians exert undeniable impact on the human body.However,the essence of meridians remains a topic of debate.Recent research has primarily focused on their anatomical structures,leading to numerous hypotheses.Simultaneously,other researchers have approached this subject from an energetic perspective,discovering information interactions within the meridian system.These findings suggest that meridians possess both physical and information dimensions,indicating that a singular approach to their study is insufficient.To bridge this gap,a shift from purely structural research toward an exploration of the information aspects of meridians is necessary.By integrating this information approach with traditional meridian theory,it may be possible to develop a new,modernized meridian theory that is aligned with contemporary concepts,making it more accessible and applicable in clinical settings.

Metabolic characteristics of Qi-Yin deficiency and heat stagnation in liver meridian patterns of dry eye based on tear metabolomics

Objective To explore the metabolic differences between dry eye patients with Qi-Yin defi-ciency and heat stagnation in liver meridian patterns,and clarify their metabolic characteris-tics.Methods Patients with dry eye who were treated in the Ophthalmology Ward and Outpatient Department of the First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine from October 1,2020,to October 30,2021 were enrolled as the research participants in the study.They were assigned to two groups based on traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome types:heat stagnation in liver meridian pattern group and Qi-Yin deficiency pattern group.Healthy vol-unteers who underwent health check-ups in the Health Management Department were in-cluded as healthy group following the random number table method.The tears of the pa-tients and the healthy volunteer participants were tested by high-performance liquid chro-matography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS).The differential metabolites were screened out by multivariate statistical analysis,and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment was performed on the differential metabolites.Finally,the association analysis of differential proteins and metabolites was conducted to verify and supplement the metabolites.Results A total of 32 dry eye patients were enrolled,including 16 cases with heat stagnation in liver meridian pattern and 16 cases with Qi-Yin deficiency pattern.Fourteen healthy volun-teers were included as healthy group.There were no significant differences in baseline char-acteristics among the three groups(P>0.05).A total of 412 biomarkers were determined in Qi-Yin deficiency pattern group,mainly including lipids,lipid-like molecules,organic acids and their derivatives,organic heterocyclic compounds,and nucleosides and their analogues.For heat stagnation in liver meridian pattern group,112 metabolites were determined,main-ly including organic acids and their derivatives,lipids,and lipid-like molecules.The KEGG enrichment results of pathways and the relative content analysis of differential markers de-monstrate that purine metabolism and caffeine metabolism pathways are common metabol-ic characteristics of all dry eyes.Among them,deoxyinosine monophosphate(dIMP)and 2-(formamido)-N1-(5-phospha-D-ribosyl)acetamidine can serve as their biomarkers.The main characteristics of Qi-Yin deficiency syndrome pattern were the significant enhancement of metabolic pathways such as lysine degradation,ovarian steroidogenesis,cholesterol metabolism,pyrimidine metabolism,and bile secretion(P<0.05).Dry eye associated with the heat stagnation in liver meridian pattern is mainly characterized by inhibition of the valine,leucine,and isoleucine biosynthesis pathways(P<0.05).Conclusion Metabolomics can be used as an effective basis for TCM syndrome classification.Different patterns of dry eye syndrome exhibit typical characteristics in the types and concen-trations of metabolites,which correspond to the syndrome classification in TCM.This study initially confirms the rationality of TCM syndrome classification and provides significant ref-erence for the mechanism of dry eye and drug development.

Progress of International Meridian Circle Program

In 2024,the Chinese Meridian Project(CMP)completed its construction,deploying 282 instruments across 31 stations.This achievement not only provides a robust foundation but also serves as a reference template for the International Meridian Circle Program(IMCP).The IMCP aims to integrate and establish a comprehensive network of ground-based monitoring stations designed to track the propagation of space weather events from the Sun to Earth.Additionally,it monitors various disturbances generated within the Earth system that impact geospace.Over the past two years,significant progress has been made on the IMCP.In particular,the second phase of construction for the China-Brazil Joint Laboratory for Space Weather has been completed,and the North Pole and Southeast Asia networks are under active construction.The 2024 IMCP joint observation campaign was successfully conducted.To facilitate these developments,the scientific program committee of IMCP was established,following the success of 2023 IMCP workshop and the space weather school,which was co-hosted with the Asia-Pacific Space Cooperation Organization(APSCO)and sponsored by Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)and Scientific Committee on Solar-Terrestrial Physics(SCOSTEP).Preparations are now underway for the 2024 workshop in collaboration with the National Institute for Space Research(INPE)in Brazil.

Construction and Research Progress of the Chinese Meridian Project in 2022–2023

The Chinese Meridian Project(CMP)is a major national science and technology infrastructure constructed in two steps.The first phase of the CMP has been operating for more than a solar cycle.From 2022 to 2023,utilizing the monitoring data collected by the CMP,scientists made major breakthroughs in fields of ionosphere,middle and upper atmosphere,and coupling between layers.The construction of the second phase of the CMP is nearly finished,and the project is expected to operate as a whole in 2025 after national acceptance of the second phase.The whole project was built in an architecture of so-called“One Chain,Three Networks and Four Focuses”.It is promising to make a three-dimensional observation of the whole solar-terrestrial space.The science community is looking forward to the great contribution of the CMP to space weather and space physics research.

The Idea of Treating Numbness of Lower Limbs after Stroke with Zhuang Medical Meridian Therapy by Regulating Shaoyang Meridian Tendons

Based on the understanding of lower limb numbness after stroke in Zhuang medicine, this study makes diagnosis and treatment of lower limb numbness after stroke from the clinical differentiation and treatment ideas of "numbness due to Shaoyang (lesser Yang)" through Zhuang Medicine Meridian Tendon Therapy. The triple therapy of meridian tendon Tuina+acupuncture+cupping originally created by Zhuang medicine and head bloodletting by Zhuang medicine were used to improve the numbness symptoms of patients. This provides a new thinking mode for acupuncture and moxibustion treatment of lower limb numbness after stroke.

Based on the Advantages of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Therapy, the Multiple Exploration of the Correlation between the Meridians and the Circulatory System of the Nervous System

The meridians,nervous system,and circulatory system are important components of tra‐ditional Chinese medicine and modern medicine.The meridians have a high degree of consistency with the distribution of the nervous and circulatory systems in modern medi‐cine,and are closely related in the process of disease treatment.Therefore,people often confuse the three.Based on the great advantages of acupuncture and moxibustion in the treatment of nervous system and circulatory system diseases,the author has made diver‐sified exploration on its relevance in terms of origin,physiological anatomy,physiological function and clinical application.It is believed that meridians have their relative indepen‐dence,and the nervous and circulatory systems cannot completely replace meridians.However,meridians are closely related to the nervous and circulatory systems,and in clinical practice,meridians can be combined with the nervous and circulatory systems to guide the treatment of diseases.

经筋推拿治疗非特异性颈痛的临床诊疗专家共识计划书(2024版)

非特异性颈痛(non-specific neck pain,NSNP)是目前医学领域的热点及难点问题,是造成近20年全球医疗负担加重的主要原因之一。经筋推拿治疗NSNP临床疗效显著,但因缺乏规范化的临床诊疗标准指导临床,导致短期疗效不稳定、远期疗效差、疾病复发率高的问题。为解决上述临床问题,促进经筋推拿临床循证科学研究发展,推动中医推拿学科发展,由湖南中医药大学联合全国二十余家临床、科研、教学单位联合发起制订《经筋推拿治疗非特异性颈痛的临床诊疗专家共识》。本计划书介绍了该专家共识的具体构建方法及制订流程。

壮医经筋针刺联合壮药解毒止痛液治疗痛风性关节炎湿毒蕴结证临床观察

目的探讨壮医经筋针刺联合壮药解毒止痛液治疗痛风性关节炎(GA)湿毒蕴结证的临床效果。方法选择60例患者按就诊顺序随机分组,治疗组使用壮医经筋针刺联合壮药解毒止痛液治疗,对照组则单独口服氯诺昔康分散片治疗,均以7 d为1个疗程,持续3个疗程。观察两组治疗前后的临床效果、视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分、中医证候积分以及超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)表达水平。结果治疗组总有效率为90.00%(27/30),优于对照组的80.00%(24/30)(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组患者的VAS评分、中医证候积分及hs-CRP、IL-6表达水平均下降,且治疗组均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论壮医经筋针刺联合壮药解毒止痛液治疗GA湿毒蕴结证有较好的临床效果,能够降低患者hs-CRP、IL-6表达水平。这可能是该疗法的作用机制之一。

通督调神针刺结合康复训练治疗脑梗死恢复期肢体功能障碍的临床疗效观察

【目的】观察通督调神针刺结合康复训练治疗脑梗死(CI)恢复期肢体功能障碍的临床疗效。【方法】将2022年2月至2024年2月安徽中医药大学第二附属医院康复科病房及门诊收治的110例CI恢复期肢体功能障碍患者按随机数字表法随机分为观察组和对照组,每组各55例,对照组给予常规康复训练,观察组在对照组康复训练的基础上,联合通督调神针刺治疗,连续治疗2周。治疗2周后,评价2组临床疗效,观察2组患者治疗前后中医证候积分的变化情况,以及Fugl-Meyer运动量表(FMA)评分、平衡评分量表(BBS)和改良Barthel指数(MBI)评分的情况。比较2组患者治疗前后肌电信号的变化情况。并评价2组的安全性及不良反应的发生情况。【结果】(1)观察组总有效率为98.18%(54/55),对照组为87.27%(48/55)。观察组疗效优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。(2)治疗后,2组患者的中医证候积分均明显改善(P <0.05),且观察组在改善中医证候积分方面明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。(3)治疗后,2组患者的FMA评分明显改善(P <0.05),且观察组在改善FMA评分方面明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。(4)治疗后,2组患者的BBS评分与MBI评分明显改善(P <0.05),且观察组在改善BBS评分与MBI评分方面明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。(5)治疗后,2组患者的肱二头肌屈肘RMS、肱三头肌伸肘RMS明显改善(P <0.05),且观察组在改善肱二头肌屈肘RMS、肱三头肌伸肘RMS方面明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。(6)治疗过程中,2组患者均未见明显的不良反应情况发生。【结论】通督调神针刺结合康复训练治疗脑梗死恢复期肢体功能障碍,可明显改善CI恢复期肢体功能障碍患者运动能力,改善患肢肌电信号,疗效显著,且安全性高。

厥阴经“输刺”法针刺治疗肝火扰心型不寐的临床疗效观察

目的:观察厥阴经“输刺”法针刺治疗肝火扰心型不寐患者的临床疗效。方法:选取符合纳入标准的68例肝火扰心型不寐患者,依据随机数字表随机分为输刺针刺组和常规针刺组,每组各34例。输刺针刺组采用厥阴经“输刺”配穴法针刺治疗(穴取双侧行间、太冲、肝俞、劳宫、大陵、厥阴俞),常规针刺组采用常规穴位针刺治疗,均治疗4周。观察两组患者治疗前后匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)、蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)、焦虑自评表(SAS)及抑郁自评表(SDS)评分的变化情况,并比较两组疗效。结果:输刺针刺组总有效率为94.12%(32/34),明显高于常规针刺组的88.24%(30/34)(P<0.05)。两组患者治疗后PSQI、SAS、SDS评分均较治疗前降低(P<0.05),且输刺针刺组低于常规针刺组(P<0.05);两组患者治疗后MoCA评分均高于治疗前(P<0.05),且输刺针刺组高于常规针刺组(P<0.05)。结论:厥阴经“输刺”配穴法针刺治疗能有效提高肝火扰心型不寐患者的睡眠质量及认知水平,明显缓解焦虑、抑郁等不良情绪,临床疗效显著。

Alpha稳态噪声下基于Meridian范数的全变分图像去噪算法

在实际应用中,噪声不可避免,因此,图像去噪一直是图像处理领域研究的重点,并且近年来受到越来越多的研究者的青睐。该文首先基于Meridian分布和全变分(Total Variational,TV)的统计特性,提出一种全变分模型来复原alpha稳态噪声环境下的含噪声图像。此外,为了保证模型解的唯一性,对提出的全变分模型添加了一个二次惩罚项,得到一个严格凸的全变分模型,然后,使用原始-对偶算法对提出的全变分模型进行求解,并证明了该算法的收敛性。最后,进行了仿真实验,并对实验结果进行了分析,实验结果验证了提出模型的可行性与有效性。

《伤寒论》桂枝汤方证再识

桂枝汤是《伤寒论》太阳病篇的重要方剂之一,而历代对于桂枝汤证的解读可谓众说纷纭,诸家讨论的重点主要集中于以下3个方面:(1)桂枝汤脉证中的“脉浮缓”指病机还是脉象?方证中的“阳浮而阴弱”中的“阴阳”所代为何?(2)桂枝汤究竟是发汗剂还是止汗剂?其又是通过何种机理发挥“解肌”作用?(3)在临床实践中,如何抓住桂枝汤的方证本质以扩充桂枝汤及其合方与加减方的临床应用范围?本文通过梳理分析《伤寒论》与《黄帝内经》的相关理论,并结合临证实践对以上3个问题进行深入剖析,进而得出结论,桂枝汤作为治疗机体“太阳为开”功能失常的代表性方剂,是张仲景对《黄帝内经》中“渍形以为汗”这一治疗手段的具体实践。桂枝汤所治乃荣弱卫强之证,桂枝汤通过其酸甘化阴充养营气及辛甘化阳鼓振卫阳的作用,达到浸渍肌腠而取汗的目的,因此桂枝汤外可祛肌腠之风邪,内能滋阴和阳,燮理气血,调和脾胃而治疗内伤杂病。

RELATIONSHIP OF ACUPOINTS AND MERIDIANS TO CONNEXIN 43

Objective To explore the relationship between connexin 43 and acupoints and meridians. Methods we detected one major skin gap junction connexin （connexin43, Cx43） in meridians and acupoints, and studied the expression of Cx43 in Zusanli （足三里 ST 36） acupoints compared with control non-acupoint regions in rats after acupuncture treatments. The expression of Cx43 was detected by using immunohisto- chemistry, immunoblotting, and RT-PCR for Cx43 protein and mRNA level. Results The results showed much more abundant Cx43 expression in some cells in the skin and subcutaneous tissue of rat at ST 36 acupoints and bladder and kidney meridians than that of in the controls. The mRNA and protein levels of Cx43 in acupoints were significantly higher than those of in the control points in non-acupuncture groups and even more so after acupuncture treatments. Conclusion Our research implied that connexins and gap junctions could have a close relationship to acupoints and meridians, and gap junctional intercellular communication might play an important role in the effect of acupuncture.

ACUPOINT-LIKE STRUCTURE AND MERIDIAN-LIKE DISTRIBUTION ON THE BODY SURFACE OF PLATYFISH

Objective To probe into whether an acupoint-like and meridian-like structure was existed in platyfish. Methods Adult platyfish was put in 30 μM 4-Di-2-ASP water solution for 3 h, then, in pipe water for 20min, afterward, the fish was anesthetized in 10% aether water solution, and the fluorescent labeling was observed under fluorescent microscope with B-3A combination filter. Results The labels observed under the microscope were in round bright dot, a majority of dots were distributed separately and a part of them was in cluster （2- 5 dots/cluster） on various parts of the body in regular arrangement. The labels on the head were circularly distributed around the eye and two arches were formed posterior to the eye and in the inferior 3/4 quadrant. These two arches joined one arch in the anterior superior 1/4 quadrant. On the fish trunk, it was observed that the labels were distributed from the back to the abdomen along the longitudinal axis of the trunk, forming 6 lines, located on No. 2, 4, 6, 7, 8 and 9 scale rows successively on the dorsal part of fish. Each line was composed of 7 to 22 label clusters and 1 -5 labels were counted in each cluster. The labels were arranged as 3-4 lines on the tail. Conclusion 1） Acupoint-like and meridian-like structure was existed in platyfish. 2）The skin sensory organs of animal were not distributed evenly all over the body. Instead, a number of sensory organs were put together in cluster and a number of them were in linear distribution regularly along the long axis of the trunk, which was similar to the distribution of traditional meridians and acupoints.

经筋理论指导下经筋刺法治疗周围性面瘫临床应用

“经筋”这一概念最早出现于《黄帝内经》,在经络系统中,十二经筋作为十二经脉之气濡养筋肉骨节的体系,与十二经脉共同构成了人体的筋肉系统。在临床实践中,经筋理论被广泛应用于经筋病的治疗,而面瘫作为临床常见病、多发病,表现为颜面部一侧表情肌群运动功能障碍,其发病与经筋病变密切相关。因此通过探讨面瘫发病与局部经筋病变的联系,分析面瘫患者面部经筋的病变规律,并对经筋理论指导下经筋刺法治疗周围性面瘫的临床应用进行系统论述,以促进经筋理论在面瘫病中的推广,进一步拓展面瘫病治疗思路。

MERIDIAN图像分析系统的特点及在遥感图像产品制作中的应用

ＭＥＲＩＤＩＡＮＩＡＳ是加拿大ＭＤＡ公司开发的一套基子ＶＡＸ／ＶＭＳ环境下的图像分析系统。对该系统的硬件环境、一般特点、特殊的几个作业及系统在遥感图像产品制作中的应用作了介绍。

基于经络-脏腑理论探讨卵巢早衰从肝经论治的学术内涵

卵巢早衰是卵巢功能减退的终末阶段,其病机复杂,与五脏功能失调密切相关,同时也与气郁、瘀血、痰湿等病理产物交织在一起,临床上属于难治性疾病。针灸对于治疗卵巢早衰确有疗效,以经络-脏腑理论为基础,进一步扩展其内涵,足厥阴经络系统与卵巢和五脏之肝均密切相关,奠定了从足厥阴肝经论治卵巢早衰的功能结构基础,是经络辨证论治卵巢早衰的关键切入点。因此,该文基于“经络-脏腑”的理论基础,结合解剖学知识、细胞分子生物学等现代医学研究内容,探索足厥阴肝经与卵巢的特殊联系,从而为进一步研究卵巢早衰的病理机制和针刺治疗取穴原则奠定基础,丰富针灸治疗卵巢早衰的理论依据,完善经络-脏腑体系的科学内涵。