Application of Intelligent Technology in Building Electrical Lighting Project

The rapid development of intelligent technology has led to its introduction into the field of electrical lighting in buildings.It provides more technical support for system design,use,and management,and creates a comfortable and safe living environment.The adoption of intelligent technology enables the creation of an intelligent management system,where controllers and sensors are used to adjust the light source within the building,monitor and manage the lighting system in real time,monitor the energy consumption and safety of the system,and achieve the goal of energy saving and emission reduction.This paper briefly discusses the application and significance of intelligent technology in electrical lighting and puts forward design ideas to optimize electrical lighting and measures for lighting system management.

Intelligent System Application to Monitor the Smart City Building Lighting

A smart city incorporates infrastructure methods that are environmentally responsible,such as smart communications,smart grids,smart energy,and smart buildings.The city administration has prioritized the use of cutting-edge technology and informatics as the primary strategy for enhancing service quality,with energy resources taking precedence.To achieve optimal energy management in themultidimensional system of a city tribe,it is necessary not only to identify and study the vast majority of energy elements,but also to define their implicit interdependencies.This is because optimal energy management is required to reach this objective.The lighting index is an essential consideration when evaluating the comfort indicators.In order to realize the concept of a smart city,the primary objective of this research is to create a system for managing and monitoring the lighting index.It is possible to identify two distinct phaseswithin the intelligent system.Once data collection concludes,the monitoring system will be activated.In the second step,the operation of the control system is analyzed and its effect on the performance of the numerical model is determined.This evaluation is based on the proposed methodology.The optimized resultswere deemed satisfactory because they maintained the brightness index value(79%)while consuming less energy.The intelligent implementation system generated satisfactory outcomes,which were observed 1.75 times on average.

Influence of Choice of Structural System &In-Fill Masonry on the Embodied Energy &Cost of a Low-Rise Residential Urban-Building Indian Case Study

In the urban residential building stock, a major proportion is constituted by low-rise individual buildings. In addition to cost, quality and duration, energy consumed for the project needs to be accounted in the decision making process. Minimizing the cost of construction without compromising on the architectural and structural requirements is the primary objective of the residential buildings of stake-holders, especially the owners. The choice of structural system and the materials used for construction play a crucial role in this effort. This means that the use of expensive and/or voluminous materials such as cement, steel, masonry etc. is optimized. This could lead to significant reduction in embodied energy as well, if the choice of the structural system is prudently made. In this paper, an attempt has been made to quantify the cost and embodied energy benefits for a low-rise residential building by choosing two different structural systems, namely moment resisting framed (MRF) construction system and the partly load-bearing (PLB) system. The influence of choice of materials, contributing to reduction of cost and/or energy is discussed. It is clearly noticed that, when the structural system is re-configured as a PLB system from the existing MRF system there is significant reduction in cost and embodied energy without changing the architectural form.

Intelligent Risk-Identification Algorithm with Vision and 3D LiDAR Patterns at Damaged Buildings

Existingfirefighting robots are focused on simple storage orfire sup-pression outside buildings rather than detection or recognition.Utilizing a large number of robots using expensive equipment is challenging.This study aims to increase the efficiency of search and rescue operations and the safety offirefigh-ters by detecting and identifying the disaster site by recognizing collapsed areas,obstacles,and rescuers on-site.A fusion algorithm combining a camera and three-dimension light detection and ranging(3D LiDAR)is proposed to detect and loca-lize the interiors of disaster sites.The algorithm detects obstacles by analyzingfloor segmentation and edge patterns using a mask regional convolutional neural network(mask R-CNN)features model based on the visual data collected from a parallelly connected camera and 3D LiDAR.People as objects are detected using you only look once version 4(YOLOv4)in the image data to localize persons requiring rescue.The point cloud data based on 3D LiDAR cluster the objects using the density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise(DBSCAN)clustering algorithm and estimate the distance to the actual object using the center point of the clustering result.The proposed artificial intelligence(AI)algorithm was verified based on individual sensors using a sensor-mounted robot in an actual building to detectfloor surfaces,atypical obstacles,and persons requiring rescue.Accordingly,the fused AI algorithm was comparatively verified.

Automated Smart Utilization of Background Lights and Daylight for Green Building Efficient and Economic Indoor Lighting Intensity Control

The ways which are used today in order to light houses, offices, and most of the indoor areas are inefficient as a lot of energy is consumed unnecessarily during the day time. Mainly this problem because the interior lighting design consider the worst case when the light service is at night, which is not always valid. Also in most cases the lighting system design relies on people to control the lights switching on and off. This problem is also one of the design concerns in Green Building. In this paper, a solution to this problem and a method for people’s comfort who use the indoor facilities in industrial buildings is presented. In the proposed smart lighting system, lights switch on automatically when there is somebody in the room or in the occupied space and switch off when there is no occupancy. In addition to this known technique, adjustment of the brightness level of the lights will be possible via the personal computer or any other smart device. In this method, for the illumination level in the area, where is needed to be controlled for better energy saving, the light automatically is measured by the sensor and considering the amount of background lights coming from outside, automatically the brightness of lights is controlled to reach the preset level that determined for that room. By the means of this method, it is possible to provide better user comfort, avoid human forcedness to switch the light on and off, and hence effective energy saving. Arduino controller is used to build the controller and to demonstrate the results. Economic analysis was done to calculate the percentage of the energy saving that can be obtained by implementing the proposed smart lighting controller. As an outcome of the economic analysis, energy saving norm for an office with a standard size was calculated.

Windows Influence on Room Daylighting in Residential Buildings

Daylighting studies in buildings are key parts of environmental analysis and can be easily conducted at the early stages of design as part of environmentally responsive building design as well as to inform the final architectural layout and interior design. The main aim of this study is to demonstrate how such daylighting studies can be completed at the early stages of design and, at the same time, to show the impact of window design and positioning on building indoor environments. The paper is focused on a study of window influence on room daylighting in residential buildings and computer lighting simulations in software packages： Windows Daylighting System and Autodesk Ecotect Analysis, have been carried out for different style and positioning of windows using several case studies. The main findings clearly indicated that not only the window size and style matters, but also the positioning of windows considering external walls which would make a significant influence on room daylighting levels and, therefore, such daylight studies are very important for the early stage of environmental analysis during building design.

Necessity and adequacy of near-source factors for not-so-tall fixed-base buildings

Nonlinear response history analyses and use of strong ground motion data including near-field effects has become a common practice in both performance based design of tall buildings and design of base-isolated buildings. On the other hand, ordinary buildings are commonly analysed via response spectrum analysis following the rules of conventional seismic codes, most of which do not take near-field effects into account. This study evaluates the necessity and the adequacy of near-source factors for ordinary fixed-base buildings that are not specifically classified as tall, by comparing dynamic responses of 3, 8, and 15-story benchmark buildings obtained via （1） linear time history analyses using 220 record components from 13 historical earthquakes and 45 synthetic earthquake records of different magnitudes and fault distances and （2） response spectrum analyses in accordance with the Turkish Earthquake Code 2007 -representing seismic codes not taking near-field effects into account- and the Uniform Building Code 1997 which takes near-field effects into account via near-source factors that amplify design response spectrum. It is shown that near-source factors are crucial for the safe design of not-so-tall ordinary fixed-base buildings but those defined in UBC97 may still not be adequate for those located in the vicinity of the fault.

Economic Feasibility Evaluation of Building Passive Houses

The research presents an improved method of rational design of energy-efficient low-rise residential buildings according to their life cycle. The mathematical model for finding the optimal version of draft power-efficient residential building has been developed. For conditions of Ukraine the optimization problem has been set and solved （finding the optimal version of the draft energy-efficient buildings）. The calculations prove the fact that the construction of passive houses in Ukraine today is economically feasible. Scientific and practical regulations, outlined in the research, can be used by all participants of the investment programs, and energy-efficiency projects, renovation projects and developing normative-technical documents.

基于BIM技术与模拟退火算法的村镇轻钢框架结构智能设计方法

传统村镇住宅结构设计需要进行大量的人工试算与重复建模,而受制于建设成本,村镇住宅无法像城镇住宅一样通过设计师进行专业的结构设计与验算,其安全性与经济性均难以满足要求。为此,提出一种村镇轻钢框架结构智能设计方法,包括智能建模与智能优化两个环节。基于图层自动识别算法、光学字符识别技术、自适应分块算法提出村镇轻钢框架结构BIM智能建模方法,包括图层识别、轴文本数据提取、墙体轮廓提取等,智能建模结果基本满足实际工程要求。基于提出的两阶段模拟退火算法给出村镇轻钢框架结构的智能优化方法,优化速度较快,优化效果良好。通过实际工程案例对提出的智能设计方法进行验证,结果表明,提出的村镇轻钢框架结构智能设计方法具有可行性,与传统的人工设计方法相比,设计周期可缩短70%以上,材料用量、结构设计指标接近人工设计结果。

结构健康监测系统在木结构古建筑中的应用

文物木结构古建筑是一个国家文化的重要组成部分,代表着民族文化的自信与传承。然而由于长时间受到环境和人为侵蚀,木结构古建筑易遭到损坏。为更好地保存好木结构古建筑以及其代表的文化内涵,对其结构安全监测提出了迫切的需求,近年来对木结构古建筑的安全监测方法也得到了快速的发展。分别介绍了虚拟重建、红外热成像、地面激光雷达、超声波监测、光纤传感等技术的原理及在木结构古建筑监测中的应用,并总结了其各自的优势与劣势。针对木结构古建筑采光不足问题,总结了光导系统,尤其是光纤光导照明系统对自然光的引入,该类照明系统具有清洁、安全的特点,避免了烛火、电类照明系统为木结构古建筑带来的火灾风险。

东北地区教学建筑侧窗导光构件形态模拟研究

目的 为解决东北地区教学建筑中自然光分布严重不均衡,而单纯依靠粗放式地提高窗地比采光计算方法无法改善,通过设置导光构件解决自然光分布不均衡的难题。方法 应用Ecotect软件建立典型教室空间和导光构件的参数化模型,分析导光构件内外位置、水平高度、截面尺寸、截面形态、透光度等参数变化对于采光系数、照度、采光均匀度等参数的影响。结果 通过对模拟数据的比较分析发现,导光板在位于侧窗室内一侧、高度为2 400 mm、截面宽度为1 050~1 200 mm、截面形态为弧形向下的情况下,采光照度和均匀度达到最佳平衡状态;导光百叶中的水平内倾百叶的综合性能优于其他类型。结论 横向比较,导光板最优方案在综合性能上优于导光百叶,是东北地区较为适用的导光构件。

基于深度学习的机载点云屋顶平面提取算法

为了准确提取不同类型建筑物屋顶点云的各个平面,采用度量学习的方式,将每个平面视为单独的实例,为每个平面上的点学习单独的高维深度特征。利用所提取的高维深度特征对平面点进行初步的聚类,通过简单的欧氏距离和特征空间距离进行综合度量将未聚类的点分配至各个平面;所提出的方法分别在合成数据集和公开的机载点云建筑物屋顶数据集RoofN3D上进行了训练和测试。结果表明,在合成数据集上,所提取的建筑物平面的准确率、召回率和F_(1)分数分别为0.990、0.998和0.994;在机载点云数据集RoofN3D上,所提取的建筑物平面的准确率、召回率和F_(1)分数分别为0.945、0.971和0.957。该方法不仅可以准确有效地提取出不同建筑物屋顶平面,且平面边缘非常准确,还可以准确区分建筑物屋顶平面内容和非平面内容,为建筑物3维建模提供重要帮助。

光——氢建筑能源系统园区容量配置鲁棒优化

碳中和目标促使全球建筑行业能源结构向低碳化、无碳化与清洁化的方向转型。为了开发更清洁、更高效的光伏耦合技术,零碳排燃料——氢能提供了一个新路径。同时,为了提高可再生能源消纳水平,促进能源系统综合发展,针对光——氢建筑电热不确定性,以年均综合成本最优为目标,考虑系统能量平衡条件、系统设备效力等约束条件,引入鲁棒性对偶变量,提出一种包含云储能(CES)的电-氢-热能源系统(EHT-ES)鲁棒优化方法,得到基于氢储能的微电网热电容量配置方案。结果表明,考虑光伏资源和电力负荷需求不确定性时,需增加10.05%光伏发电投建设备容量配置规模。

《LED室内照明建筑一体化技术规程》(T/CECS 1122—2022)技术要点解析

本文针对LED照明建筑一体化系统的特点,结合《LED室内照明建筑一体化技术规程》(T/CECS 1122—2022)的条文,对LED照明建筑一体化产品性能要求、系统设计策略、照明质量新指标的要求及技术要点进行了深入分析,为LED照明建筑一体化系统的设计提供指导。

建筑混凝土轻钢结构损伤可靠检测仿真研究

建筑混凝土轻钢结构强度高、整体刚性好、变形能力强,但由于其构件断面偏小,发生开裂损伤后极限承载能力下降,严重影响建筑整体质量,所以应研究建筑混凝土轻钢结构损伤检测方法。先构建轻钢结构实体并自动生成三维轻钢结构有限元模型,利用模态分析模块求解轻钢结构模态参数。采用希尔伯特振动分解算法,获取轻钢结构损伤检测的最大幅值分量信号,并将其输入至全连接神经网络,检测损伤情况,并输出损伤结果。测试结果显示:获取的一阶和二阶频率结果与实际结果之间最大差值分别为0.75Hz和1.2Hz,说明上述方法可准确得出轻钢结构的相关模态参数,能够完成建筑混凝土轻钢结构损伤的可靠检测。

公共建筑绿色照明设计研究——以云南高校为例

为响应绿色低碳发展,建设美丽中国,我国的经济发展逐渐向节能、生态、环保转型,随着科技水平的进步,高层建筑越来越多,建筑照明系统造成的能源浪费问题一直处于非常关键的位置,其中建筑总体碳排放量中照明所产生的能耗占了相当大的比例,在校园建筑中尤为突出。图书馆是除教学楼以外学生自主学习最主要的空间,对光环境照明要求高,但建筑体量大、进深宽,对自然光利用薄弱,过于依赖人工照明进行辅助,是用电量大的场所,所产生的能耗量巨大。基于此,本文主要针对云南高校图书馆的自然采光照明运用计算机模拟技术进行演示分析,充分利用自然光和太阳能发电,改进采光途径和设备,从而达到可持续发展的目的,促使可持续理念在公共建筑的应用中得到更好的发展。

轻钢结构建筑物化阶段碳排放及减排的研究

建筑行业碳排放量占社会碳排放总量的40%左右,其中,建筑物化阶段的碳排放总量最大,且强度高,该阶段碳减排是建筑减排的重要突破口。目前,大部分建筑减排研究主要针对传统现浇钢筋混凝土建筑,对于轻钢结构建筑的研究较少,针对轻钢建筑物化阶段碳排放的研究更少。本研究构建了轻钢建筑物化阶段碳排放计算模型,选取北京某轻钢结构建筑为案例,通过计算物化阶段的碳排放,分析建材生产、运输、施工建造各阶段的碳排放,发现轻钢结构建筑在各阶段有较大的减排潜力,并提出相应的减排措施。

传承·转译·重构——藏北地区轻型装配式建筑的在地创作方式探索

轻型装配式建造体系在我国建造模式转型的关键时期呈现出蓬勃发展的趋势。结合“地理、气候、文化”等多重影响因素,本文以民居建筑为例,针对轻型装配式建筑在藏北地区的地域创作问题,总结出“传统藏式建筑营建文化的内在传承”“轻型装配式建筑体系的在地化转译应用”以及“新材料新技术下的创新重构”3个要点,以期从“意”到“形”为轻型装配式建筑在藏北地区的在地化创作提供借鉴。

多联机系统与轻钢装配式建筑一体化设计新方法

近年来,轻钢装配式建筑因施工便捷、环境效益高等优势,大量应用于工程实践,有很好的应用前景。而由于传统暖通空调设计方法导致的后续施工会二次破坏建筑构件,传统暖通空调设计方法已不适用于轻钢装配式建筑。目前,针对暖通空调与轻钢装配式建筑融合发展的研究与应用相对较少,为填补该领域的空白,提出了一种暖通空调系统(以多联机为例)与轻钢装配式建筑一体化设计新方法IB-VRV(variable refrigerant volume air conditioner integrating with buildings)。探究了适用于传统建筑的暖通空调设计方法与适用于轻钢装配式建筑的暖通空调设计方法的差异。并根据这两种暖通空调设计方法的差异,在现有传统暖通空调设计理念的基础上,凝练出暖通空调系统与轻钢装配式建筑融合发展三项原则。这三项融合原则分别为结构安全优先、非同寿命周期和功能区弹性化原则。基于上述三原则,进一步提出暖通空调系统与轻钢装配式建筑融合新方式,并以多联机系统为案例展开深入分析。研究结果表明,所提出的IB-VRV能够弥补传统暖通空调设计方法应用于轻钢装配式建筑的不足,并能充分发挥轻钢装配式建筑自重轻、结构简单、构件小可暗装等优势。该研究为暖通空调系统与其他类型装配式建筑一体化设计开拓了思路,奠定了理论基础。