Boosting oxygen reduction activity and CO_(2) resistance on bismuth ferrite-based perovskite cathode for low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells below 600℃

Developing efficient and stable cathodes for low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells(LT-SOFCs) is of great importance for the practical commercialization.Herein,we propose a series of Sm-modified Bi_(0.7-x)Sm_xSr_(0.3)FeO_(3-δ) perovskites as highly-active catalysts for LT-SOFCs.Sm doping can significantly enhance the electrocata lytic activity and chemical stability of cathode.At 600℃,Bi_(0.675)Sm_(0.025)Sr_(0.3)FeO_(3-δ)(BSSF25) cathode has been found to be the optimum composition with a polarization resistance of 0.098 Ω cm^2,which is only around 22.8% of Bi_(0.7)Sr_(0.3)FeO_(3-δ)(BSF).A full cell utilizing BSSF25 displays an exceptional output density of 790 mW cm^(-2),which can operate continuously over100 h without obvious degradation.The remarkable electrochemical performance observed can be attributed to the improved O_(2) transport kinetics,superior surface oxygen adsorption capacity,as well as O_(2)p band centers in close proximity to the Fermi level.Moreover,larger average bonding energy(ABE) and the presence of highly acidic Bi,Sm,and Fe ions restrict the adsorption of CO_(2) on the cathode surface,resulting in excellent CO_(2) resistivity.This work provides valuable guidance for systematic design of efficient and durable catalysts for LT-SOFCs.

Identification and Cu Enrichment Capacity of TLSB_2-K, a Cu-tolerant Strain

[Objective] The Cu-tolerance and Cu enrichment capacity of TLSB2-K were investigated. [Method] The previously isolated TLSB2-K strain was identified though morphological observation, gram staining and 16S rDNA sequence alignment. In ad- dition, the effects of temperature, pH and osmotic pressure on the growth of strain were also investigated by using shaking culture. The Cu-tolerance and Cu enrich- ment capacity of TLSB2-K strain under Cu stress were also studied. [Result] The results showed TLSB2-K belongs to Bacillus spp., and its optimum growth conditions were as follows： temperature, 27 ~C; pH, 7.0; osmotic pressure, 1.1% NaCI. When the Cu concentration ranged from 100 mg/L to 500 mg/L, the strain grew well; when the Cu concentration ranged from 100 mg/L to 400 mg/L, the Cu content in bacteria was increased with the increase of Cu concentration; when the Cu con- centration was 400 mg/L and the incubation time was 30 h, the Cu content in bac- teria reached the peak （2 250 mg/kg）; the highest tolerant concentration was 700 mg/L. [Conclusion] TLSB2-K strain had relatively high Cu tolerance and Cu enrich- ment capacity. They had important theoretical research and engineering application values.

Anomalous low-temperature heat capacity in antiperovskite compounds

The low-temperature heat capacities are studied for antiperovskite compounds AX M_3（A = Al, Ga, Cu, Ag, Sn, X = C,N, M = Mn, Fe, Co）. A large peak in（C- γ T）/T^3 versus T is observed for each of a total of 18 compounds investigated,indicating an existence of low-energy phonon mode unexpected by Debye T^3 law. Such a peak is insensitive to the external magnetic field up to 80 k Oe（1 Oe = 79.5775 A·m-1）. For compounds with smaller lattice constant, the peak shifts towards higher temperatures with a reduction of peak height. This abnormal peak in（C- γ T）/T^3 versus T of antiperovskite compound may result from the strongly dispersive acoustic branch due to the heavier A atoms and the optical-like mode from the dynamic rotation of X M_6 octahedron. Such a low-energy phonon mode may not contribute negatively to the normal thermal expansion in AX M_3 compounds, while it is usually concomitant with negative thermal expansion in open-structure material（e.g., ZrW_2O_8, Sc F_3）.

Exogenous Hydrogen Sulfide Enhanced Antioxidant Capacity, Amylase Activities and Salt Tolerance of Cucumber Hypocotyls and Radicles

In the present experiment, effects of sodium hydrosulfide （NariS）, a H2S donor, on the oxidative damage, antioxidant capacity and the growth of cucumber hypocotyls and radicles were studied under 100 mmol L^-1 NaCl stress. NaCl treatment significantly induced accumulation of H2O2 and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances （TBARS） in cucumber hypocotyls and radicles, and application of NariS dramatically reduced the accumulation of H/O2 and lipid peroxidation. However, the alleviating effects greatly depended on the concentrations of NariS, and 400 ~tmol L-1 NariS treatment showed the most significant effects. Corresponding to the change of lipid peroxidation, higher activities of antioxidant enzymes as well as the antioxidant capacity indicated as DPPH scavenging ac＇tivity, chelating activity of ferrous ions and hydroxyl radical （.OH） scavenging activity were induced by Naris treatment under NaCI stress, especially by 400 Ixmol L-I Naris treatment. With the alleviating lipid peroxidation, the amylase activities in cotyledons were increased, and the length of cucumber hypocotyls and radicles were significantly promoted by NariS treatment under NaCI stress. Unlike the effects of NariS, pretreatment with other sodium salts including Na2S, NazSO4, NaHSO4, Na2SO3, NaHSO3 and NaAc did not show significant effects on the growth of cucumber hypocotyls and radicles. These salts do not release H2S. Based on above results, it can be concluded that the effects of NariS in the experiment depended on the H2S rather than other compounds derived from NariS, and the alleviating effects might related with its function in modulating antioxidant capacity and amylase activities.

Low-temperature heat capacities and standard molar enthalpy of formation of pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid

This paper reports that the low-temperature heat capacities of pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid were measured by a precision automatic calorimeter over a temperature range from 78 K to 380 K. A polynomial equation of heat capacities as a function of temperature was fitted by the least-squares method. Based on the fitted polynomial, the smoothed heat capacities and thermodynamic functions of the compound relative to the standard reference temperature 298.15 K were calculated and tabulated at intervals of 5 K. The constant-volume energy of combustion of the compound was determined by means of a precision rotating-bomb combustion calorimeter. The standard molar enthalpy of combustion of the compound was derived from the constant-volume energy of combustion. The standard molar enthalpy of formation of the compound was calculated from a combination of the datum of the standard molar enthalpy of combustion of the compound with other auxiliary thermodynamic quantities through a Hess thermochemical cycle.

Genetic overlap between salt and low-temperature tolerance loci at germination stage of soybean

Salt and low temperature were both very important factors for soybean production. It was necessary to improve the salt stress and low-temperature tolerance of soybean. The main purpose of this paper was to map the quantitative trait loci(QTL) related with salt tolerance and low- temperature tolerance at germination stage with backcross introgression lines(BILs),and analyze the genetic overlap between them. There were 22 QTL located with BC2 F4 introgression populations after salt stress,and 15 QTL were mapped after low-temperature stress. Seven overlapping QTLs between salt tolerance and low-temperature tolerance were detected on 6 linkage groups at germination stage. In total,there were 31.81 % of salt tolerance and low-temperature tolerance loci existed genetic overlap.

Low-temperature heat capacities and standard molar enthalpy of formation of 4-(2-aminoethyl)-phenol (C_8H_(11)NO)

This paper reports that low-temperature heat capacities of 4-（2-aminoethyl）-phenol （C8H11NO） are measured by a precision automated adiabatic calorimeter over the temperature range from 78 to 400 K. A polynomial equation of heat capacities as a function of the temperature was fitted by the least square method. Based on the fitted polynomial, the smoothed heat capacities and thermodynamic functions of the compound relative to the standard reference temperature 298.15K were calculated and tabulated at the interval of 5K. The energy equivalent, εcalor, of the oxygen-bomb combustion calorimeter has been determined from 0.68g of NIST 39i benzoic acid to be εcalor=（14674.69±17.49）J·K^-1. The constant-volume energy of combustion of the compound at T=298.15 K was measured by a precision oxygen-bomb combustion calorimeter to be ΔcU=-（32374.25±12.93）J·g^-1. The standard molar enthalpy of combustion for the compound was calculated to be ΔcHm = -（4445.47 ± 1.77） kJ·mol^-1 according to the definition of enthalpy of combustion and other thermodynamic principles. Finally, the standard molar enthalpy of formation of the compound was derived to be ΔfHm（C8H11NO, s）=-（274.68 ±2.06） kJ·mol^-1, in accordance with Hess law.

Low-temperature heat capacities of crystalline Ho(Gly)_(3)Cl_(3)·3H_(2)O from 78 to 348 K

Heat capacities of the rare-earth complex with glycine [Ho(Gly)3Cl3·3H2O] were measured with a high-precision automatic adiabatic calorimeter over the temperature range from 78 to 348 K.In the experimental temperature range,the heat capacities increased in a smooth and continuous manner and no phase transition or thermal anomaly occurred.Therefore,the sample was stable in the above temperature range.The values of experimental heat capacities were fitted to a polynomial equation with least square method and ...

Oil Pocket's Bearing Capacity Analysis of Liquid Hydrostatic Worktable in Gantry Moving Milling Center

Durning the design process of hydrostatic rotary worktable,the processing and assembly tolerance,（the offset of worktable and the gap of the oil film’s thickness）is ignored.But it will cause that the real bearing of oil pocket deviates from the initial design value,and then the performance of rotary worktable will be reduced significantly.Up to now,no effort is found toward the research of influence of the processing and assembly tolerance on the performance of the rotary worktable.So the hydrostatic oil film is assumed as the elastomer in this paper,and then the bearing capacity of the oil pocket is studied with and without the mass offset of the worktable by taking an expression between the bearing capacity and the oil film’s thickness of the oil pocket as the deform compatibility equation.The influence of the processing tolerance of the oil sealing belt’s gap on the bearing capacity of the oil pocket is analyzed.In the light of the liquid hydrostatic worktable of Gantry Moving Milling Center using on the scene,the oil pocket’s pressure of the worktable is tested using Rotary Worktable Test System under the circumstance of the mass offset of the worktable and the gap tolerance of the oil sealing belt,and then the equivalent offset of worktable,the average pressure of the oil pocket and the actual thickness of the oil film are analyzed respectively.The test results show that the bearing capacity component of the oil pocket caused by G is consistent,and the component caused by M is relative to the position of the oil pocket.When the oil sealing belt’s gap is larger than the theoretical value,the bearing capacity of the oil pocket is smaller than the others;whereas the bearing capacity of the oil pocket is larger than the others.The maximum and minimum equivalent offsets are 0.256 4 mm and 0.047 5 mm,respectively,and the average oil pocket pressure varies from 0.345 MPa to 0.460 MPa,the maximum and minimum value of the actual oil film thickness are 109.976？m（No.7 oil pocket）and 93.467？m（No.10 oil pocket）,respectively.The research results can be used to detect the offset of the worktable and the actual thickness of the oil film under processing and assembly tolerance,and provides a basis way for detecting the processing and assembly tolerance of rotary worktable signing reasonably of Gantry Moving Milling Center.

Cd Toxicity and Accumulation in Rice Plants Vary with Soil Nitrogen Status and Their Genotypic Difference can be Partly Attributed to Nitrogen Uptake Capacity

Two indica rice genotypes, viz. Milyang 46 and Zhenshan 97B differing in Cd accumulation and tolerance were used as materials in a hydroponic system consisting of four Cd levels （0, 0.1, 1.0 and 5.0 μmol/L） and three N levels （23.2, 116.0 and 232.0 mg/L） to study the effects of nitrogen status and nitrogen uptake capacity on Cd accumulation and tolerance in rice plants. N-efficient rice genotype, Zhenshan 97B, accumulated less Cd and showed higher Cd tolerance than N-inefficient rice genotype, Milyang 46. There was consistency between nitrogen uptake capacity and Cd tolerance in rice plants. Increase of N level in solution slightly increased Cd concentration in shoots but significantly increased in roots of both genotypes. Compared with the control at low N level, Cd tolerance in both rice genotypes could be significantly enhanced under normal N level, but no significant difference was observed between the Cd tolerances under normal N （116.0 mg/L） and high N （232.0 mg/L） conditions. The result proved that genotypic differences in Cd accumulation and toxicity could be, at least in part, attributed to N uptake capacity in rice plants.

Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Seed Germination of a Cotton Variety with High Tolerance to Low Temperature

Gossypium hirsutum L.is an important cash crop native to the subtropics and is widely cultivated around the world.Low temperature is an important stress that seriously affects seed germination and emergence during planting.In this study,transcriptomic profiles of low-temperature-and normal-temperature-germinated seeds of Xinluzao 25,a variety with low-temperature tolerance and high germination rates,were analyzed and compared.The following results were obtained.(1)A total of 81.06 Gb of clean data were obtained after transcriptome sequencing and assembly,and 76,931 non-redundant Unigene sequences were obtained after data consolidation and concatenation;of these,69,883 Unigene sequences were annotated.In addition,55,463 Unigene transcript sequences(72.2%)were annotated for Gene Ontology(GO)classification,and 26,629 genes were involved in 50 metabolic pathways identified by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)analysis.(2)Three main pathways related to low-temperature tolerance of seed germination were identified:starch and sucrose metabolism,phenylpropanoid biosynthesis,and cysteine and methionine metabolism.Their main molecular functions involve the regulation of abscisic acid and activities of enzymes such as amylase,peroxidase,and oxidoreductase.During germination at low temperature,more genes were down-regulated than up-regulated genes at the protrusion stage(2 mm),and more genes were up-regulated than down-regulated at the germination stage(30 mm)after protrusion.(3)The enzyme activities at the two stages showed that amylase,peroxidase,catalase,and glutathione reductase had higher activities when the seeds germinated at 15℃.In this study,high expression of amylase,peroxidase,catalase,and glutathione reductase genes may be the main cause of increased tolerance to low temperature.

一株卵形鲳鲹肠道源粪肠球菌的分离鉴定与生物学特性研究

【目的】近年来鱼源益生菌在水产养殖中的应用越来越广泛,然而卵形鲳鲹(Trachinotus ovatus)源的益生菌鲜有报道。从卵形鲳鲹中分离潜在益生菌并对其生物学特性进行分析,为该菌株在卵形鲳鲹中的应用提供理论基础。【方法】无菌采集健康卵形鲳鲹肠道内容物,进行细菌分离与鉴定;对典型菌落做形态观察、革兰染色、生化鉴定、16S rRNA基因序列分析、药敏试验、耐盐能力试验、产酸能力及生长曲线测定和毒力基因鉴定。【结果】根据分离菌株的形态特征、革兰染色、生化特性和16S rRNA基因测序结果比对,分离菌株与粪肠球菌(Enterococcus faecalis)相似度达100%,确定其为粪肠球菌。该菌株菌落呈淡灰白色,为革兰氏阳性球菌,七叶苷、纤维二塘、麦芽糖、甘露醇、水杨苷等生化检测结果均显示阳性。药敏试验结果表明,分离菌株对哌拉西林、多粘菌素B、青霉素、复方新诺明、苯唑西林等药物呈现出不同程度的耐药性;对环丙沙星、麦迪霉素、头孢曲松呈中等敏感,对万古霉素、头孢哌酮、氧氟沙星等11种药物敏感。分离菌株可在0%~8%NaCl浓度下生长,具有一定耐盐性。产酸能力和生长曲线测定结果表明,随着菌株大量繁殖,菌液pH值快速下降,其产酸能力增强。毒力基因鉴定结果表明,分离菌株包含efaA、agg、as、fsrA 4种毒力基因。【结论】该研究成功从卵形鲳鲹肠道内分离到一株潜在益生菌菌株,鉴定为粪肠球菌。该菌株具有良好的耐盐和产酸能力,并含有与肠道黏附相关的毒力基因,可为该菌株的后续应用奠定基础。

耐盐好氧反硝化菌黏质沙雷氏菌HL4的分离鉴定及脱氮性能

【目的】分离鉴定一株耐盐好氧反硝化细菌,以开发高效脱氮菌种,加强海水及咸淡水养殖尾水脱氮技术研究。【方法】采集花鲈(Lateolabrax maculatus)池塘原位底泥,采用稀释涂布法初步分离一株脱氮功能最佳的菌株HL4,通过16s rDNA测序以及生理生化实验鉴定菌株,通过设置不同碳源、碳氮质量比(m_(C)/m_(N))、pH、温度、盐度等条件探明其最适培养条件及脱氮性能。通过攻毒试验[以健康斑马鱼(Danio rerio)为受试生物],检验菌株的环境安全性。【结果】经鉴定,菌株HL4为黏质沙雷氏菌(Serratia marcescens),命名为S.marcescens HL4。以葡萄糖或琥珀酸钠为碳源,菌株HL4在m_(C)/m_(N)=20、pH=6.0~7.0、温度30℃的条件下具有较强脱氮能力,48 h TN去除率为81.83%~87.17%;该菌株在0~30的盐度环境下均可生长,在0~10盐度范围内72 h的总氮(TN)去除率为68.76%~76.59%,在20~30盐度范围内72 h的TN去除率为23.84%~53.94%;在NH_(4)^(+)-N质量浓度为0~100 mg·L^(-1)时,72 h NH_(4)^(+)-N去除率皆在90%以上,在NH_(4)^(+)-N质量浓度为500 mg·L^(-1)时,72 h NH_(4)^(+)-N去除率高达73.52%。健康斑马鱼在含1×10^(6)CFU·mL^(-1)菌株HL4的水体中15 d后,成活率100%。【结论】菌株HL4生物及环境安全性较高,在处理中高浓度铵废水以及治理咸淡水、低盐度海水养殖尾水等领域具有潜在的应用价值。

Highly active copper-intercalated weakly crystallized δ-MnO_(2) for low-temperature oxidation of CO in dry and humid air

Copper intercalated birnessite MnO_(2)(δ-MnO_(2))with weak crystallinity and high specific surface area(421 m^(2)/g)was synthesized by a one-pot redox method and investigated for low-temperature CO oxidation.The molar ratio of Cu/Mn was as high as 0.37,which greatly weakened the Mn-O bond and created a lot of low-temperature active oxygen species.In situ DRIFTS revealed strong bonding of copper ions with CO.As-synthesized MnO_(2)-150Cu achieved 100%conversion of 250 ppm CO in normal air(3.1 ppm H_(2)O)even at−10°C under the weight-hourly space velocity(WHSV)of 150 L/(g·h).In addition,it showed high oxygen storage capacity to oxidize CO in inert atmosphere.Though the concurrent moisture in air significantly inhibited CO adsorption and its conversion at ambient temperature,MnO_(2)-150Cu could stably convert CO in 1.3%moisture air at 70°C owing to its great low-temperature activity and reduced competitive adsorption of water with increased temperature.This study discovers the excellent low-temperature activity of weakly crystallized δ-MnO_(2) induced by high content intercalated copper ions.

不同形貌Co3O4对氧化锌压敏电阻器电性能的影响

为了提高氧化锌压敏电阻的电性能,本文通过一系列测试研究针状和球状Co3O4对压敏电阻器电性能的影响。Co作为改性元素,对提高压敏电阻器的电性能起着重要作用。本文所用的Co由化学共沉淀法制备,针状Co3O4采用99.7%的草酸溶液和分析纯的Co(NO3)2制备而成,球状Co3O4采用食品级的碳酸氢铵和分析纯的Co(NO3)2制备而成。研究发现,掺杂针状Co3O4制成的压敏电阻器在8/20μs波通流能力和工频过电压耐受性能方面优于掺杂球状Co3O4的压敏电阻器。

面向突触故障的回声状态网络容错方法研究

在实际应用部署过程中,回声状态网络中储备池的内部突触容易受到应用系统故障的影响而发生故障,偏离预期的性能。因此,提出一个面向突触故障的回声状态网络容错模型。分析模型中一些故障的突触(权重扰动)的行为特征,考虑发生故障的实际场景,采用检测机制检测并定位这些故障的突触,最后通过容错策略使其恢复。仿真实验结果表明,针对不同特点的时间序列数据,通过容错性能评估、统计分布和短期记忆能力对比,提出的容错模型是有效的。此外,通过数学理论推导证明出储备池突触故障容错的边界条件。

基于预定义时间收敛的容噪零化神经网络求解时变Sylvester方程

Sylvester方程在数学和控制理论中经常使用,而零化神经网络(ZNN)在求解此类时变方程方面非常有效。对ZNN的收敛性能进行了研究,基于一个预定义时间稳定性定理设计了一个新的激活函数,进而得到了一个用于求解时变Sylvester方程的新的ZNN模型。该模型被称为预定义时间收敛零化神经网络(PTZNN)模型。与之前的ZNN模型相比,所提出的模型提高了收敛速度使其达到了预定义时间收敛并进一步提高了容噪声能力。最后通过仿真模拟验证了该模型在求解时变Sylvester方程方面优于其他已知模型。

Methods for enhancing the capacity of electrode materials in low-temperature lithium-ion batteries

Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)have evolved into the mainstream power source of ene rgy sto rage equipment by reason of their advantages such as high energy density,high power,long cycle life and less pollution.With the expansion of their applications in deep-sea exploration,aerospace and military equipment,special working conditions have placed higher demands on the low-temperature performance of LIBs.However,at low temperatures,the severe polarization and inferior electrochemical activity of electrode materials cause the acute capacity fading upon cycling,which greatly hindered the further development of LIBs.In this review,we summarize the recent important progress of LIBs in low-temperature operations and introduce the key methods and the related action mechanisms for enhancing the capacity of the various cathode and anode materials.It aims to promote the development of high-performance electrode materials and broaden the application range of LIBs.

Low-temperature Heat Capacity and Standard Thermodynamic Functions of D-Galactose and Galactitol

The heat capacities of D-galactose and galactitol were measured on a quantum design physical property measurement system（PPMS） over a temperature range of 1.9-300 K, and the experimental data were fitted to a function of T using a series of theoretical and empirical models in appropriate temperature ranges. The fit results were used to calculate thermodynamic function values, C^θp,m, ^T0S0^θm , and △^T0H^θm from 0 K to 300 K. The standard molar heat capacity, entropy and enthalpy values of D-galactose and galactitol at 298.15 K and 0.1 MPa were determined to be C^θp,m=（227.96±2.28） and（239.50±2.40） J·K^-1·mol^-1, S0^θm = （211.22±2.11） and （230.82±2.30） J·K^-1·mol^-1 and μm = （33.95±0.34） and （36.57±0.37） kJ/mol, respectively.

Low-temperature Heat Capacity and Standard Molar Enthalpy of Formation of Potassium L-Threonate Hydrate K（C4H7O5）·H2O

The solid potassium L-threonate hydrate, K（C4H7O5）·H2O, was synthesized by the reaction of L-threonic acid with aqueous potassium hydrogen carbonate and characterized by means of chemical and elemental analyses, IR and TG-DTG. Low-temperature heat capacity of K（C4H7O5）·H2O has been precisely measured with a small sample precise automated adiabatic calorimeter over the temperature range from 78 to 395 K. An obvious process of the dehydration occurred in the temperature region of 364-382 K. The peak temperature of the dehydration of the compound has been observed to be （380.524±0.093） K by means of the heat capacity measurements. The molar enthalpy, △dHm, and molar entropy, △dSm, of the dehydration of K（C4H7O5）·H2O were calculated to be （19.655 ± 0.012） kJ/mol and （51.618 ± 0.051） J/（K·mol） by the analysis of the heat-capacity curve. The experimental molar heat capacities of the solid from 78 to 362 K and from 382 to 395 K have been respectively fitted to two polynomial equations of heat capacities against the reduced temperatures by least square method. The constant-volume energy of combustion of the compound, △cUm, has been determined to be （- 1749.71 ±0.91） kJ·mol^-1 by an RBC-Ⅱ precision rotary-bomb combustion calorimeter at 298.15 K. The standard molar enthalpy of formation of the compound, △fHm , has been calculated to be （- 1292.56± 1.06） kJ·mol^-1 from the combination of the standard molar enthalpy of combustion of the compound with other auxiliary thermodynamic quantities.