Two-Year Outcomes of Midline lumbar Fusion Versus Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion in the Treatment of L4-L5 Degenerative Disease

Objective We aimed to compare the clinical and radiological outcomes of midline lumbar fusion(MIDLF)versus minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion(MI-TLIF)in patients with degenerative spondylolisthesis and/or stenosis in L4-L5 two years after surgery.Methods Consecutively treated patients with lumbar pathology who underwent MIDLF(n=16)and a historical control group who underwent MI-TLIF(n=34)were included.Clinical symptoms were evaluated using Oswestry Disability Index(ODI),the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey,and visual analog scale(VAS)scores before surgery and 3,6,12,and 24 months after surgery.Results The mean operative time and hematocrit(HCT,Day 1)were significantly shorter and lower in MIDLF cases(174 min vs.229 min,P<0.001;0.34 vs.0.36,P=0.037).The MI-TLIF group showed better improvement than the MIDLF group in ODI and VAS back and leg pain at 3 months postoperatively.VAS leg pain was higher in MIDLF than in MI-TLIF cases at 6 months.At 24 months follow-up,VAS back pain was higher in MI-TLIF than in MIDLF cases(P=0.018).Conclusion MIDLF is comparable to MI-TLIF at L4-5 in clinical outcomes and fusion rates,and the results verified the meaningful advantage of using MIDLF for the elderly with osteoporosis.

Early Functional Outcome of Posterior Spinal Decompression for Lumbar Spinal Stenosis at a Tertiary Health Institution, South East Nigeria

Background: Surgical treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis by posterior spinal decompression may be indicated if non-surgical management for the symptoms of low back and lower limbs radicular pains is unsuccessful and/or in patients with persisting or worsening neurological deficits. It has been reported to be an effective treatment modality in well selected patients. This procedure is however not without possible complications which can adversely affect the outcome of treatment in the affected patients. This prospective study was therefore undertaken to evaluate the early functional outcome of posterior spinal decompression for lumbar spinal stenosis at our health institution. Method: All patients with symptomatic lumbar spinal stenosis admitted for posterior spinal decompression and who met the inclusion criteria were recruited with their written informed consent. The patients’ pain severity and functional disability were assessed preoperatively with visual analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). The VAS and ODI were also used to reassess the patients postoperatively, at 2 weeks, 6 weeks and 12 weeks respectively. All intraoperative and/or postoperative complications were documented and the results were analyzed. Results: The patients’ mean preoperative lower back pain and leg pain VAS score was 8.26 ± 1.46 while the mean preoperative ODI was 62.4% ±13.56. The commonest combination of spinal decompressive procedure done in the patients was laminectomy + foraminotomy in 10 (25% patients). The most common decompressed spinal level was L4/L5 (89.7%);while almost equal number of patients had either one spinal level or two-spinal level decompression (43.6% and 46.1% respectively). Postoperative pain assessment showed a mean VAS of 3.79 ± 1.15, 2.55 ± 1.27 and 2.00 ± 1.41 at 2 weeks, 6 weeks and 12 weeks respectively (p = 0.000). Functional outcome assessment with ODI was 34% ± 11.79%, 24% ± 10.75% and 18.12% ± 10.61% at 2 weeks, 6 weeks and 12 weeks respectively (p = 0.000). The commonest surgical complication seen was dura tear which occurred in nine patients (23.1%). Conclusion: There was significant reduction in low back and radicular pains with consequent functional improvement in majority of the patients who had posterior spinal decompression for lumbar spinal stenosis at our health institution. There were few complications of which dura tear was the commonest.

Successful outcomes of unilateral vs bilateral pedicle screw fixation for lumbar interbody fusion:A meta-analysis with evidence grading

BACKGROUND Whether it’s better to adopt unilateral pedicle screw(UPS)fixation or to use bilateral pedicle screw(BPS)one for lumbar degenerative diseases is still controversially undetermined.AIM To make a comparison between UPS and BPS fixation as to how they work efficaciously and safely in patients suffering from lumbar degenerative diseases.METHODS We have searched a lot in the databases through 2020 with index terms such as“unilateral pedicle screw fixation”and“bilateral pedicle screw fixation.”Only randomized controlled trials and some prospective cohort studies could be found,yielding 15 studies.The intervention was unilateral pedicle screw fixation;Primarily We’ve got outcomes of complications and fusion rates.Secondarily,we’ve achieved outcomes regarding total blood loss,operative time,as well as length of stay.Softwares were installed and utilized for subgroup analysis,analyzing forest plots,sensitivity,heterogeneity,forest plots,publication bias,and risk of bias.RESULTS Fifteen previous cases of study including 992 participants have been involved in our meta-analysis.UPS had slightly lower effects on fusion rate[relative risk(RR)=0.949,95%CI:0.910 to 0.990,P=0.015],which contributed mostly to this metaanalysis,and similar complication rates(RR=1.140,95%CI:0.792 to 1.640,P=0.481),Δvisual analog scale[standard mean difference(SMD)=0.178,95%CI:-0.021 to 0.378,P=0.080],andΔOswestry disability index(SMD=-0.254,95%CI:-0.820 to 0.329,P=0.402).In contrast,an obvious difference has been observed inΔJapanese Orthopedic Association(JOA)score(SMD=0.305,95%CI:0.046 to 0.563,P=0.021),total blood loss(SMD=-1.586,95%CI:-2.182 to-0.990,P=0.000),operation time(SMD=-2.831,95%CI:-3.753 to-1.909,P=0.000),and length of hospital stay(SMD=-0.614,95%CI:-1.050 to-0.179,P=0.006).CONCLUSION Bilateral fixation is more effective than unilateral fixation regarding fusion rate after lumbar interbody fusion.However,JOA,operation time,total blood loss,as well as length of stay were improved for unilateral fixation.

Evaluation of current surgeon practice for patients undergoing lumbar spinal fusion surgery in the United Kingdom

AIM: To ascertain current surgeon practice in the United Kingdom National Health Service for the management of patients undergoing lumbar spinal fusion surgery. METHODS: Descriptive survey methodology utilised an online questionnaire administered through SurveyMonkey. Eligible participants were all surgeons currently carrying out lumbar spinal fusion surgery in the National Health Service. Two previous surveys and a recent systematic review informed questions. Statistical analyses included responder characteristics and pre-planned descriptive analyses. Open question data were interpreted using thematic analysis.RESULTS: The response rate was 73.8%. Most surgeons(84%) were orthopaedic surgeons. Range of surgeon experience(1-15 years), number of operations performed in the previous 12 mo(4-250), and range of information used to predict outcome was broad. There was some consistency of practice: most patients were seen preoperatively; all surgeons ensured patients are mobile within 3 d of surgery; and there was agreement for the value of post-operative physiotherapy. However, there was considerable variability of practice: variability of protocols, duration of hospital stay, use of discharge criteria, frequency and timing of outpatient follow up, use of written patient information and outcome measures. Much variability was explained through patient-centred care, for example, 62% surgeons tailored functional advice to individual patients. CONCLUSION: Current United Kingdom surgeon practice for lumbar spinal fusion is described. The surgical procedure and patient population is diverse, and it is therefore understandable that management varies. It is evident that care should be patient-centred. However with high costs and documented patient dissatisfactionit is important that further research evaluates optimal management.

A Retrospective Chart Assessment of Clinical Outcomes after Amniotic Suspension Allograft Is Used during Spinal Arthrodesis Procedures

Study Design: This retrospective, non-randomized study was designed to evaluate one-year clinical outcomes in a cohort of patients treated with an amniotic suspension allograft as an adjunct to lumbar interbody fusion. Methods: A single-center chart review was conducted to collect pre-operative and peri-operative data for patients at or beyond the one year post-operative time point. Results: Patients underwent either anterior (n = 22) or posterior (n = 65) lumbar interbody fusion. There were six reoperations reported: pseudarthrosis repair (n = 1), adjacent level decompression (n = 2), removal of symptomatic instrumentation (n = 3). Overall VAS score improved from 7.8 ± 1.7 to 5.5 ± 2.4 at 1 year post-op (n = 86, p = 0.0001) and overall ODI score improved from 55 ± 16 to 42 ± 19 at 1 year post-op (n = 85, p = 0.0001). Patients that were 59 years old or older at the time of surgery reported greater improvement in VAS score (3.6 ± 2.3 point improvement, n = 31) than patients younger than 59 at the time of surgery (1.7 ± 2.2 point improvement, n = 55, p = 0.0005). There was not a significant difference in outcome measures between groups when the data were stratified based on patient BMI, tobacco use, previous surgery, or a primary indication of pseudarthrosis repair. Conclusions: These results indicate that there is a significant clinical improvement when amniotic suspension allograft is used during interbody fusion. Patient groups with increased risk of non-union (increased age, previous pseudarthrosis, and tobacco users) demonstrated improvement in one year post-op outcome measures. Improved clinical outcome implies a high rate of successful arthrodesis in both high and low risk patient populations.

Single rod instrumentation in patients with scoliosis and comorbidities: Indications and outcomes

AIM To present our results on the use of a single rod instrumentation correction technique in a small number of patients with major medical co-morbidities.METHODS This study was a prospective single surgeon series. Patients were treated with single rod hybrid constructs and had a minimum 2-year follow-up. Indications included complex underlying co-morbidities, conversion of growing rods to definitive fusion, and moderate adolescent idiopathic primarily thoracic scoliosis with severe eczema and low body mass index(BMI).RESULTS We included 99 consecutive patients. Mean age at surgery was 12.8 years(SD 3.5 years). Mean scoliosis correction was 62%(SD 15%) from 73°(SD 22°) to 28°(SD 15°). Mean surgical time was 153 min(SD 34 min), and blood loss was 530 mL(SD 327 mL); 20% BV(SD 13%). Mean clinical and radiological follow-up was 3.2 years(range: 2-12) post-operatively. Complications included rod failure, which occurred in three of our complex patients with severe syndromic or congenital kyphoscoliosis(3%). Only one of these three patientsrequired revision surgery to address a non-union. Our revision rate was 2%(including a distal junctional kyphosis in a Marfan's syndrome patient).CONCLUSION The single rod technique has achieved satisfactory deformity correction and a low rate of complications in patients with specific indications and severe underlying medical conditions. In these children with significant co-morbidities, where the risks of scoliosis surgery are significantly increased, this technique has achieved low operative time, blood loss, and associated surgical morbidity.

Factors that influence the results of indirect decompression employing oblique lumbar interbody fusion

BACKGROUND Indirect decompression is one of the potential benefits of anterior reconstruction in patients with spinal stenosis.On the other hand,the reported rate of revision surgery after indirect decompression highlights the necessity of working out prediction models for the radiographic results of indirect decompression with assessing their clinical relevance.AIM To assess factors that influence radiographic and clinical results of the indirect decompression in patients with stenosis of the lumbar spine.METHODS This study is a single-center cross-sectional evaluation of 80 consecutive patients(17 males and 63 females)with lumbar spinal stenosis combined with the instability of the lumbar spinal segment.Patients underwent single level or bisegmental spinal instrumentation employing oblique lumbar interbody fusion(OLIF)with percutaneous pedicle screw fixation.Radiographic results of the indirect decompression were assessed using computerized tomography,while MacNab scale was used to assess clinical results.RESULTS After indirect decompression employing anterior reconstruction using OLIF,the statistically significant increase in the disc space height,vertebral canal square,right and left lateral canal depth were detected(Р<0.0001).The median(M)relative vertebral canal square increase came toМ=24.5%with 25%-75%quartile border(16.3%;33.3%)if indirect decompression was achieved by restoration of the segment height.In patients with the reduction of the upper vertebrae slip,the median of the relative increase in vertebral canal square accounted for 49.5%with 25%-75%quartile border(2.35;99.75).Six out of 80 patients(7.5%)presented with unsatisfactory results because of residual nerve root compression.The critical values for lateral recess depth and vertebral canal square that were associated with indirect decompression failure were 3 mm and 80 mm2 respectively.CONCLUSION Indirect decompression employing anterior reconstruction is achieved by the increase in disc height along the posterior boarder and reduction of the slipped vertebrae in patients with degenerative spondylolisthesis.Vertebral canal square below 80 mm2 and lateral recess depth less than 3 mm are associated with indirect decompression failures that require direct microsurgical decompression.

Correlation study between the changes of motor evoked potential and the improvement of spinal canal volume in minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion

Objective:To analyze the correlation between the amplitude changes of motor evoked potential(MEP),the 3D volume changes of spinal canal measuring by postoperative CT and the improvement rate of clinical symptoms after the spinal canal decompression in minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion(MIS-TLIF),and to explore the predictive value of the changes of both MEP amplitude and spinal canal volume in the assessment of long-term clinical prognosis in MIS-TLIF.Methods:A retrospective study of 68 patients with L4/5 spinal stenosis treated with MIS-TLIF was performed.The changes of both intraoperative MEP amplitude and 3D spinal canal volume during the spinal canal decompression,as well as the visual analogue scale(VAS)and Oswestry dysfunction index(ODI)scores in the long-term follow-up were all recorded.Results:The values of intraoperative MEP amplitude was 159.04%higher in 68 patients with MIS-TLIF after spinal canal decompression(P<0.01).The 3 postoperative 3D spinal canal volume(4.89±1.27)cm increased by 31.22%in comparison 3 with preoperative date(3.78±1.08)cm(P<0.01).The VAS and ODI scores were improved to 78.55%and 80.60%,respectively at the last follow-up(P<0.01).The improvement rate of MEP amplitude on the decompression side was positively correlated with the improvement rate of postoperative spinal canal volume(r=0.272,P=0.025).The improvement rate of postoperative spinal canal volume was positively correlated with the improvement rate of VAS and ODI at the last follow-up(r=0.656,r=0.490,P<0.01).Moreover,the improvement rate of MEP amplitude on the decompression side was also positively correlated with the improvement rate of VAS and ODI at the last follow-up(r=0.322 and 0.235,respectively,P<0.05).Conclusion:The increase of MEP amplitude after spinal canal decompression in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis treated by MIS-TLIF was closely correlated with both of the increase of spinal canal volume and the improvement of clinical symptoms.Therefore,MEP amplitude monitoring was not only the one of the important monitoring methods for predicting the prognosis of MIS-TLIF but also the reliably predictive value in the long-term clinical prognosis in MIS-TLIF.

Current concepts on spinal arthrodesis in degenerative disorders of the lumbar spine

Back pain is a common chronic disorder that represents a large burden for the health care system. There is a broad spectrum of available treatment options for patients suffering from chronic lower back pain in the setting of degenerative disorders of the lumbar spine, including both conservative and operative approaches. Lumbar arthrodesis techniques can be divided into subcategories based on the part of the vertebral column that is addressed(anterior vs posterior). Furthermore, one has to differentiate between approaches aiming at a solid fusion in contrast to motion-sparing techniques with the proposed advantage of a reduced risk of developing adjacent disc disease. However, the field of application and long-term outcomes of these novel motion-preserving surgical techniques, including facet arthroplasty, nucleus replacement, and lumbar disc arthroplasty, need to be more precisely evaluated in long-term prospective studies. Innovative surgical treatment strategies involving minimally invasive techniques, such as lateral lumbar interbody fusion or transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion, as well as percutaneous implantation of transpedicular or trans-facet screws, have been established with the reported advantages of reduced tissue invasiveness, decreased collateral damage, reduced blood loss, and decreased risk of infection. The aim of this study was to review well-established procedures for lumbar spinal fusion with the main focus on current concepts on spinal arthrodesis and motion-sparing techniques in degenerative disorders of the lumbar spine.

Current strategies for the restoration of adequate lordosis during lumbar fusion

Not restoring the adequate lumbar lordosis during lumbar fusion surgery may result in mechanical low back pain, sagittal unbalance and adjacent segment degeneration. The objective of this work is to describe the current strategies and concepts for restoration of adequate lordosis during fusion surgery. Theoretical lordosis can be evaluated from the measurement of the pelvic incidence and from the analysis of spatial organization of the lumbar spine with 2/3 of the lordosis given by the L4-S1 segment and 85% by the L3-S1 segment. Technical aspects involve patient positioningon the operating table, release maneuvers, type of instrumentation used(rod, screw-rod connection, interbody cages), surgical sequence and the overall surgical strategy. Spinal osteotomies may be required in case of fixed kyphotic spine. AP combined surgery is particularly efficient in restoring lordosis at L5-S1 level and should be recommended. Finally, not one but several strategies may be used to achieve the need for restoration of adequate lordosis during fusion surgery.

Effect of total lumbar disc replacement on the treatment of discogenic low lumbar pain： preliminary outcomes

Background Lumbar pedicle screw fixation and fusion are major procedures for treating discogenic low back pain （DLBP）. However, due to its advantages of preserving the segmental motion and biomechanical simulation, artificial total lumbar disc replacement （TDR） is increasingly popular. Methods From 2007 to 2010, 68 DLBP patients were enrolled. TDR were performed on 34 patients and the other 34 controls underwent the traditional fixation procedure. Qualitative and quantitative evaluations were followed including the changes in range of motion （ROM） and interpedicle height （IPH） at the posterior intervertebral body of operated level, in 6 and 12 months, and 3 years, postoperatively. Results Qualitative results showed satisfying improvement in the two groups after 6 and 12 months, respectively, and the inter-group differences were significant （P 〉0.05）. The results of ROM and IPH have shown significant differences between the TDR and spinal fusion groups （P 〈0.05）. Conclusion With similar clinical improvements as the traditional spinal fusion method, TDR offered significantly better ROM and intervertebral foramen hei.qht.

Animal Modelling of Lumbar Corpectomy and Fusion and in vivo Growth of Spine Supporting Bone by Titanium Cage Implants: An Experimental Study

In this study a lumbar spinal fusion animal model is established to assess the effect of spinal fusion cage,and explore theminimum area ratio of titanium cage section to vertebral section that ensures bone healing and biomechanical property.Lumbarcorpectomy was conducted by posterolateral approach with titanium cage implantation combined with plate fixation.Titaniumcages with the same length but different diameters were used.After implantation of titanium cages,the progress of bone healingwas observed and the bone biomechanical properties were measured,including deformation and displacement in axial compression,flexion,extension,and lateral bending motion.The factors affecting the in vivo growth of spine supporting body wereanalyzed.The results show that the area ratio of titanium cage section to vertebral section should reach 1/2 to ensure the bonehealing,sufficient bone intensity and biomechanical properties.Some bone healing indicators,such as BMP,suggest that there isa relationship between the peak time and the peak value of bone formation and metabolism markers and the bone healing strength.

Combining Posterolateral Lumbar Fusion and Posterior Lumber Interbody Fusion Surgery for Treating Three-Level Lumber Spondylolysis and Single-Level Spondylolisthesis: Case Report

Lumbar spondylolysis is a relatively common condition that can cause a variety of clinical manifestations related to the lumbar spine. However, multi-level lumbar spondylolysis is rare and accounts for less than 6% of lumbar spondylolysis. We report a case of three-level lumbar spondylolysis with single-level spondylolisthesis. A 47-year-old woman presented to us with low back pain for 9 years that progressively worsened and the pain was exacerbated with standing and walking. She was diagnosed with three-level lumbar spondylolysis at L3-5 and spondylolisthesis at L4. We performed posterolateral lumber fusion (PLF) and posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) surgery for her. During the same period, pain recovery and fusion rate of the patient were evaluated after surgery. The results were favorable and proved the efficacy of combining PLF and PLIF technique for treatment for three-level lumbar spondylolysis and single-level spondylolisthesis.

斜外侧椎间融合联合侧方钢板固定治疗单节段腰椎退变性疾病的短期疗效

背景:单纯斜外侧椎间融合术融合器沉降并发症率高,辅助后方的固定可以提供稳定的支撑,但术中体位变化、双切口都弱化了该技术的微创优势。斜外侧椎间融合术联合侧方钢板固定可以实现一期同切口完成减压,同时侧方内固定提供了稳定支撑。目的:分析斜外侧椎间融合联合侧方钢板固定治疗单节段腰椎退变性疾病的短期临床疗效。方法:收集2020年5月至2022年10月应用斜外侧椎间融合联合侧方钢板固定治疗单节段腰椎退变性疾病34例患者的临床资料,其中男14例,女20例;年龄41-72岁,平均(58.6±9.9)岁;腰椎滑脱症(Ⅰ度)11例,腰椎间盘突出症并节段不稳7例,腰椎管狭窄症16例。记录患者手术时间、出血量及并发症。评估术前、术后3个月及末次随访腰痛及双下肢放射痛疼痛目测类比评分和Oswestry功能障碍指数评分;测量并观察手术前后硬膜囊面积、椎间隙高度及椎间融合情况。结果与结论:(1)34例患者随访14-36个月,平均(21.3±5.2)个月;(2)手术时间50-92 min,平均(68.5±11.1)min;术中出血量50-170 mL,平均(71.6±25.3)mL;(3)与术前相比,术后3个月及末次随访目测类比评分和Oswestry功能障碍指数评分均显著降低,差异均有显著性意义(P<0.001),最大Oswestry功能障碍指数评分改善近50%;(4)术后半年随访所有患者均达到骨性融合,总体并发症发生率为21%(7/34),其中钢板移位1例、融合器下沉3例、术侧腰大肌无力1例、术侧大腿前侧疼痛2例;(5)提示斜外侧椎间融合联合侧方钢板固定治疗单节段腰椎退变性疾病,具有出血量少、手术时间短、术后恢复快的特点,短期临床疗效显著且可提供一定稳定支撑,长期疗效有待进一步随访观察。

一种新型压配式腰椎椎间融合器的机械性能

背景:行经皮微创椎间孔腰椎椎间融合置入椎间融合器时,由于入路操作范围狭窄,有牵拉神经根损伤或置入融合器位置不良等风险,为了解决以上问题作者课题组发明了一种新型机械结构可变形压配式cage(Press-fit cage,YP-cage)。目的:对新型腰椎融合器YP-cage的机械强度特性进行初步评估。方法:对不同尺寸9,11,13 mm高度的新型YP-cage(n=9)和聚醚醚酮-cage(n=9)进行了静态轴向压缩实验和静态轴向扭转实验,分别采集力-位移曲线计算屈服位移及载荷、极限载荷位移及刚度,屈服角位移及扭矩、极限载荷角位移扭矩及刚度,并进行对比分析。结果与结论:(1)在静态轴向压缩测试中,YP-cage在3组测试中(9,11,13 mm),其刚度、屈服载荷、极限位移和载荷极限方面均优于聚醚醚酮-cage(P <0.01),但YP-cage的屈服位移小于聚醚醚酮-cage(P <0.05);(2)在静态扭转测试中,除了9 mm组的YP-cage和聚醚醚酮-cage在极限扭转角度上差异无显著性意义,YP-cage在屈服扭矩、屈服扭转角度及极限扭矩均小于聚醚醚酮-cage(P <0.01),而YP-cage扭转刚度在9 mm组和11 mm组大于聚醚醚酮-ccage(P <0.01);(3)结果表明新型压配式机械结构椎间融合器相较于聚醚醚酮材质cage具有更高的抗压强度,但抗扭强度不如聚醚醚酮-cage。

术中追加使用氨甲环酸对短节段腰椎管狭窄手术失血量及安全性的影响

目的探讨术中追加氨甲环酸(Tranexamic acid,TXA)对短节段腰椎管狭窄手术失血及安全性的影响。方法108名腰椎管狭窄症拟行腰椎后路融合手术的患者随机分为对照组、TXA组、追加组,各36名。对照组围手术期不应用TXA;TXA组麻醉成功后、手术切皮前15 min静脉滴注含1 g TXA的生理盐水混合液100 mL;追加组麻醉成功后、手术切皮前15 min静脉滴注含1g TXA的生理盐水混合液100 mL,输完后3 h,再静脉追加10 mg/kg体重的TXA。记录3组围术期总失血量、显性失血量、隐性失血量、术中失血量、术后引流量、输血率。于术前及术后d3分别测定3组血红蛋白(Hb)、红细胞比容(HCT)、凝血酶原时间国际标准化比值(PT-INR)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、血小板数量(BPC)、D-二聚体(D-D)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、血尿素氮(BUN)等指标。术后追踪不良事件发生情况。结果追加组分别与对照组和TXA组比较,总失血量(mL)[(968.7±209.6)vs(1369.8±276.3),(968.7±209.6)vs(1273.9±250.2)]、显性失血量(mL)[(590.5±164.3)vs(876.4±235.9),(590.5±164.3)vs(789.3±221.7)]、术中失血量(mL)[(318.7±120.7)vs(457.8±146.6),(318.7±120.7)vs(423.9±162.3)]、术后引流量(mL)[术后1d:(164.6±25.0)vs(262.3±51.7),(164.6±25.0)vs(219.8±37.1);术后3d:(107.2±18.6)vs(156.3±37.6),(107.2±18.6)vs(145.3±22.3)],均低于对照组和TXA组(P<0.05),输血率低于对照组(P<0.05)。TXA组术后引流量、输血率低于对照组(P<0.05)。3组隐性失血量无统计学差异(P>0.05)。与术前比较,3组Hb、Hct、BPC下降(P<0.05),D-D、FIB、CRP升高(P<0.05),但TXA组、追加组Hb、Hct、BPC、D-D、CRP的变化程度小于对照组(P<0.05),追加组Hb、Hct、BPC、D-D、CRP的变化程度小于TXA组(P<0.05)。3组间及组内术前、术后的PT-INR、PT、APTT、ALT、BUN比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),且均在正常值范围内。所有患者术后追踪均未发现深静脉血栓、肺栓塞、癫痫、肝肾损害等严重不良事件。结论术中追加TXA可有效减少短节段腰椎管狭窄手术失血量,但不增加凝血障碍、血栓形成、肝肾功能损害等并发症的发生风险。

椎间植骨面积对单节段腰椎后路减压椎间植骨融合效果的影响

目的:研究椎间植骨面积对单节段腰椎后路减压植骨融合效果的影响。方法:回顾性分析2020年1月至2022年12月行单节段腰椎后路减压椎弓根内固定+植骨融合术52例患者临床资料。通过电子计算机断层扫描(computed tomography,CT)对术后1周椎间植骨面积进行测量,依据测量结果中椎间植骨面积/平均终板面积进而得到植骨面积占比分为3组:椎间植骨面积不超过一侧椎弓根区域为A组17例,男9例,女8例,年龄(56.0±11.5)岁;椎间植骨面积超过一侧椎弓根但未达到对侧椎弓根为B组15例,男10例,女5例,年龄(52.0±14.0)岁;椎间植骨面积超过对侧椎弓根为C组20例,男12例,女8例,年龄(49.5±12.8)岁。术后3、6、12个月及末次随访均行X线及CT检查,记录每次随访时椎间融合Brantigan评分、疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)与Oswestry功能障碍指数(Oswestry disability index,ODI)。结果:3组性别、年龄、手术节段比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术前VAS与ODI,3组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。3组患者获得随访,时间12~36个月。与术前比较,3组术后1周、末次随访时VAS、ODI均显著改善(P<0.05)。与术前比较,3组术后1周椎间隙高度均有所恢复;末次随访时,B、C两组椎间隙高度丢失量较少,两组椎间隙高度明显高于A组(P<0.05)。术后3、6个月,C组改良Brantigan评分明显高于A、B组(P<0.05);术后12个月,B、C组改良Brantigan评分明显高于A组(P<0.05);末次随访时,3组改良Brantigan评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后3个月,C组植骨融合率明显高于A、B两组(P<0.05);术后6、12个月,B、C组植骨融合率明显高于A组(P<0.05);末次随访时,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:单节段后路腰椎减压椎间植骨融合手术可显著改善患有腰椎退行性相关疾病患者的临床症状,但随着植骨面积的占比增加,患者早期植骨融合率及融合评分均明显提高。

单侧双通道内镜下(UBE-TLIF)与微创经椎间孔腰椎融合术(MIS-TLIF)治疗退变性腰椎椎管狭窄症的疗效比较

目的 比较单侧双通道内镜下经椎间孔腰椎椎间融合术(unilateral biportal endoscopic transforaminal lumbar interbodyfusion,UBE-TLIF)与微创经椎间孔入路腰椎椎间融合术(minimal invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion, MIS-TLIF)治疗单节段退行性腰椎椎管狭窄症的疗效。方法 回顾性分析2021年1月至2021年12月成都中医药大学附属医院符合纳入标准的68例单节段退行性腰椎椎管狭窄症患者的临床资料,按手术方式分为UBE-TLIF组(27例)与MIS-TLIF组(41例)。对比两组患者的手术相关指标(手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、术后住院天数、并发症发生率等);实验室检查结果[全血C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein, CRP)、血清磷酸肌酸激酶(creatine kinase, CK)]及临床疗效评价[腰痛及下肢疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)、Oswestry功能障碍指数(Oswestry disability index, ODI)、改良MacNab标准评价优良率、Brantigan标准评价椎间融合率]等。结果 68例患者均获得随访,随访时间12~20个月。与MIS-TLIF组相比,UBE-TLIF组患者的手术时间、住院时间更长,但术中出血量、术后引流量更短(P<0.05)。实验室检查方面:术前两组实验室检查差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后3 d UBE-TLIF组全血C反应蛋白含量较MIS-TLIF组低(P<0.05);术后1、3 dUBE-TLIF组血清磷酸肌酸激酶水平均低于MIS-TLIF组(P<0.05)。临床疗效评价:术前两组间患者腰痛及下肢疼痛视觉模拟评分及Oswestry功能障碍指数比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),术后各时间点上述评分均较术前显著下降(P<0.05);组间比较发现各组术后3 d、1个月、6个月、12个月的腰痛及下肢疼痛视觉模拟评分,术后3、12个月Oswestry功能障碍指数,末次随访优良率,椎间融合率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。并发症方面:UBE-TLIF组无并发症发生,MIS-TLIF组发生并发症2例,包括术后切口感染1例及术后下肢麻木1例,两组间并发症发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 UBE-TLIF手术方式可达到与MIS-TLIF手术方式相似的术后腰痛疼痛评分、腿疼痛评分、功能障碍指数,且较MIS-TLIF肌肉损伤释放的CK更少、组织出血量更少、术后恢复更快。

腰椎融合术选择策略及发展趋势

腰椎融合术已经在腰椎退行性病变、畸形、腰椎骨折或脱位等疾病中广泛应用,是消除或缓解症状、维持疗效的重要方法,也是脊柱外科最重要的技术之一。目前,腰椎融合术式种类繁多,根据不同手术入路分为前侧入路、经侧方入路、后侧入路及椎间孔入路等;微创手术包括关节镜辅助、脊柱内窥镜等手术方式;根据不同植骨融合位置又分为椎体外植骨融合和椎体间植骨融合[1]。临床上腰椎融合手术方式的选择方面尚无完全定论。本文回顾、分析不同腰椎融合术的优缺点,结合脊柱微创融合技术等发展趋势展开评论,旨在为临床腰椎融合术的合理实施提供参考,期待未来深入探索、优化手术方法、提高融合效率,降低并发症的新策略,为腰椎疾病患者带来更好的疗效。

腰椎融合后矢状位力线与临床症状改善的相关性

背景:目前关于腰椎管狭窄融合术后患者腰椎前凸角度及骨盆入射角度的匹配程度与术后临床症状改善相关性的研究报道较少。目的:研究腰椎管狭窄融合术后患者腰椎前凸角度与骨盆入射角度的匹配程度(PI-LL),分组比较不同匹配程度间脊柱骨盆矢状参数和临床结果的差异。方法:回顾性分析2019年12月至2021年12月在天津市人民医院脊柱外科采用腰椎后路椎板减压融合内固定治疗的110例腰椎管狭窄患者的病历资料,男48例,女62例,年龄(57±11)岁,术后随访超过1年,根据术后PI-LL分为2组,A组(PI-LL>10°)47例,B组(PI-LL≤10°)63例。对比两组患者手术前后临床评分(腰背痛目测类比评分和Oswestry功能障碍指数)及脊柱骨盆矢状位参数的变化,并分析临床症状改善情况和脊柱骨盆影像学参数之间的相关性。结果与结论:①两组患者术前骨盆矢状位参数及临床功能的比较无统计学差异(P>0.05);②两组手术时间和出血量比较无统计学差异(P>0.05);③术后末次随访,与A组比较,B组腰背痛目测类比评分和Oswestry功能障碍指数明显改善(P=0.000,P=0.005);腰椎前凸角和骶骨倾斜角也有明显改善(P=0.000,P<0.05),骨盆倾斜角恢复的更明显(P=0.000);④采用Pearson相关系数法进行分析,结果显示,腰背痛目测类比评分的改善与骨盆倾斜角(r=0.209,P=0.008)、腰椎前凸角(r=-0.133,P=0.021)和骶骨倾斜角(r=-0.156,P=0.031)的改善显著相关;骨盆倾斜角与Oswestry功能障碍指数显著相关(r=0.196,P=0.014);⑤提示重建腰椎前凸角,并降低骨盆倾斜角,使腰椎前凸角度与骨盆入射角度匹配(即PI-LL≤10°),可以有效改善患者的临床症状。