Many of the world’s powerful and wealthy nations,including China,have devoted both large amounts of funding and considerable promotion to lunar research and exploration.The launch of Chinese Chang’e-1 satellite and ...Many of the world’s powerful and wealthy nations,including China,have devoted both large amounts of funding and considerable promotion to lunar research and exploration.The launch of Chinese Chang’e-1 satellite and the construction of the scientific observation data platform created a favourable opportunity for research into the lunar geometrical,physical and chemical environment.Based on this background,a Wide Area Network(WAN)based virtual lunar environment was constructed for observation data sharing and further exploration.The systematic architecture and framework were introduced and then strategies of mass data(e.g.lunar digital elevation model,lunar digital orthophoto map and typical thematic lunar data)organisation,integration,management and scheduling were then set up to achieve the 3D visualisation of typical lunar geomorphic features.Furthermore,the integration method of 3D lunar data and the process model of impact craters were studied;thus,the whole lunar and celestial collision process could be dynamically simulated.The results indicate that the WAN-based virtual lunar platform can be used effectively for public information sharing,scientific exploration and further to promote the development of deep space exploration in China.展开更多
Chinese Chang＇e lunar exploration project aims to collect and return subsurface lunar soil samples at a minimum penetration depth of 2 m in 2017. However, in contrast to those on the Earth, automated drilling and sam...Chinese Chang＇e lunar exploration project aims to collect and return subsurface lunar soil samples at a minimum penetration depth of 2 m in 2017. However, in contrast to those on the Earth, automated drilling and sampling missions on the Moon raise the risk of burning bits. Test-beds are required for testing the thermal properties of drill tools in a lunar environment. In this paper, a novel temperature measuring method based on thermocouples and a slip ring was proposed. Furthermore, a data acquisition system for a drilling process was designed. A vacuous, cryogenic, and anhydrous soil environment simulating the lunar surface was established. A drilling test-bed that can reach a depth of 2.2 m was developed. A control strategy based on online monitoring signals was proposed to improve the drilling performance. Vacuum and non-vacuum experiments were performed to test the temperature rising effect on drill tools. When compared with the non-vacuum experiment, the vacuum temperature rise resulted in a 12 ℃ increase. These experimental results provide significant support for Chinese lunar exploration missions.展开更多
The lunar surface is a typical vacuum environment,and its harsh heat rejection conditions bring great challenges to the thermal control technology of the exploration mission.In addition to the radiator,the sublimator ...The lunar surface is a typical vacuum environment,and its harsh heat rejection conditions bring great challenges to the thermal control technology of the exploration mission.In addition to the radiator,the sublimator is recommended as one of the promising options for heat rejection.The sublimator makes use of water to freeze and sublimate in a porous medium,rejecting heat to the vacuum environment.The complex heat and mass transfer process involves many physical phenomena such as the freezing and sublimation phase change of water in the porous medium and the movement of the phase-change interface.In this paper,the visualized ground-based experimental approaches of space sublimation cooling were presented to reveal the moving law of threephase point and the growth phenomenon of ice-peak and icicle in microchannels under vacuum conditions.The visualized experiments and results prove that the freezing ice is divided into the porous ice-peak and the transparent icicle.As the sublimation progresses,the phase-change interface moves downward steadily,the length of the ice-peak increases,but the icicle decreases.The visualized experiments of space sublimation cooling in the capillary have guiding significance to reveal the sublimation cooling mechanism of water in the sublimator for lunar exploration missions.展开更多
基金The work described in this article was supported by the Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant no.40730527)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(key‘863’no.2010AA122202)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant no.41001223)the Direct Grant of The Chinese University of Hong Kong(grant no.2021064).
文摘Many of the world’s powerful and wealthy nations,including China,have devoted both large amounts of funding and considerable promotion to lunar research and exploration.The launch of Chinese Chang’e-1 satellite and the construction of the scientific observation data platform created a favourable opportunity for research into the lunar geometrical,physical and chemical environment.Based on this background,a Wide Area Network(WAN)based virtual lunar environment was constructed for observation data sharing and further exploration.The systematic architecture and framework were introduced and then strategies of mass data(e.g.lunar digital elevation model,lunar digital orthophoto map and typical thematic lunar data)organisation,integration,management and scheduling were then set up to achieve the 3D visualisation of typical lunar geomorphic features.Furthermore,the integration method of 3D lunar data and the process model of impact craters were studied;thus,the whole lunar and celestial collision process could be dynamically simulated.The results indicate that the WAN-based virtual lunar platform can be used effectively for public information sharing,scientific exploration and further to promote the development of deep space exploration in China.
基金supported by the China Academy of Space Technology (CAST)
文摘Chinese Chang＇e lunar exploration project aims to collect and return subsurface lunar soil samples at a minimum penetration depth of 2 m in 2017. However, in contrast to those on the Earth, automated drilling and sampling missions on the Moon raise the risk of burning bits. Test-beds are required for testing the thermal properties of drill tools in a lunar environment. In this paper, a novel temperature measuring method based on thermocouples and a slip ring was proposed. Furthermore, a data acquisition system for a drilling process was designed. A vacuous, cryogenic, and anhydrous soil environment simulating the lunar surface was established. A drilling test-bed that can reach a depth of 2.2 m was developed. A control strategy based on online monitoring signals was proposed to improve the drilling performance. Vacuum and non-vacuum experiments were performed to test the temperature rising effect on drill tools. When compared with the non-vacuum experiment, the vacuum temperature rise resulted in a 12 ℃ increase. These experimental results provide significant support for Chinese lunar exploration missions.
基金primarily funded by the cooperative project offered by Beijing Key Laboratory of Space Thermal Control Technologyfunded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2020 M671618)。
文摘The lunar surface is a typical vacuum environment,and its harsh heat rejection conditions bring great challenges to the thermal control technology of the exploration mission.In addition to the radiator,the sublimator is recommended as one of the promising options for heat rejection.The sublimator makes use of water to freeze and sublimate in a porous medium,rejecting heat to the vacuum environment.The complex heat and mass transfer process involves many physical phenomena such as the freezing and sublimation phase change of water in the porous medium and the movement of the phase-change interface.In this paper,the visualized ground-based experimental approaches of space sublimation cooling were presented to reveal the moving law of threephase point and the growth phenomenon of ice-peak and icicle in microchannels under vacuum conditions.The visualized experiments and results prove that the freezing ice is divided into the porous ice-peak and the transparent icicle.As the sublimation progresses,the phase-change interface moves downward steadily,the length of the ice-peak increases,but the icicle decreases.The visualized experiments of space sublimation cooling in the capillary have guiding significance to reveal the sublimation cooling mechanism of water in the sublimator for lunar exploration missions.
