The present paper is inspired by the article “Ho’oleilana: An Individual Baryon Acoustic Oscillation?” published by R. B. Tully, C. Howlett, and D. Pomarède on Sep. 2023 [1]. They claim: Evidence is presented ...The present paper is inspired by the article “Ho’oleilana: An Individual Baryon Acoustic Oscillation?” published by R. B. Tully, C. Howlett, and D. Pomarède on Sep. 2023 [1]. They claim: Evidence is presented here for the discovery of a remarkably strong individual contribution to the baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) signal at z = 0.068, an entity that is given the name Ho’oleilana. K. Dawson, co-spokesperson for Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument is more inclined to believe that this latest finding is something of a coincidence, a chance alignment that simply looks like a sphere with a radius around what you’d expect for a BAO [2]. In this paper, we provide a short summary of experimental observations of Boötes Void and Superclusters;discuss the main features of the developed Hypersphere World-Universe Model;introduce notions “Cosmic Voids” and “Cosmic Bubbles”;elaborate a mathematical framework for different types of Cosmic Bubbles (Hubble Spherical Bubble for the World, Disk Bubbles for Galaxies;Spherical Bubbles for Extrasolar Systems, Dark Matter (DM) Spherical Bubbles for Galaxies and Superclusters);make a conclusion that the Boötes is a DM Cosmic Bubble and suggest experiments, which confirm our conclusion.展开更多
BACKGROUND:Prolonged invasive respiratory support and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO)in patients requiring urgent lung transplantation(ULTx)present signifi cant challenges to clinical practice due to severe ...BACKGROUND:Prolonged invasive respiratory support and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO)in patients requiring urgent lung transplantation(ULTx)present signifi cant challenges to clinical practice due to severe underlying diseases and complex conditions.The aim of the study was to report the clinical outcomes of patients who received ULTx and followed the perioperative rehabilitation protocol implemented in a lung transplant center.METHODS:A retrospective analysis was conducted in ULTx patients who required preoperative invasive mechanical ventilation(IMV)and ECMO between January 2018 and January 2023.Data were retrieved from electronic medical records at our lung transplant center.RESULTS:Fourteen patients(mean age 57.43±10.97 years;12 males,2 females)underwent ULTx with bridging ECMO and IMV.The mean body mass index was 23.94±3.33 kg/m²,and the mean Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation(APACHE)II score was 21.50±3.96.The Nutritional Risk Screening 2002(NRS 2002)scores were≥3.ULTx was performed after an 8.5-day waiting period(interquartile interval[IQR]5.0-26.5 d).Following the surgeries,the average lengths of ECMO and IMV were 1.0(IQR 1.0-2.0)d and 5.0(IQR 3.0-7.3)d,respectively.The total length of hospital stay was 60.1±30.8 d,with an average intensive care unit stay of 38.3±22.9 d and post-operative hospitalization stay of 45.8±26.1 d.Two patients died within 30 d after ULTx,with a 30-day survival rate of 85.71%.CONCLUSION:Patients receiving ULTx showed an acceptable short-term survival rate,validating the practicality and safety of the treatment protocols implemented in our center.展开更多
Intestinal ischemia/reperfusion(II/R)is a severe clinical circumstance which is frequently apparent in situations including midgut volvulus,superior mesenteric vessels closure and hemorrhagic shock.II/R not only bring...Intestinal ischemia/reperfusion(II/R)is a severe clinical circumstance which is frequently apparent in situations including midgut volvulus,superior mesenteric vessels closure and hemorrhagic shock.II/R not only brings about severe intestinal local damage but also leads to remote organs injury including lung,liver etc[1].Lung injury is the most common and severe complications which manifested as pulmonary susceptibility,respiratory dysfunction,and even acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)[2].展开更多
A series of high-entropy alloys(HEAs) containing nanoprecipitates of varying sizes is successfully prepared by a non-consuming vacuum arc melting method.In order to study the irradiation evolution of helium bubbles in...A series of high-entropy alloys(HEAs) containing nanoprecipitates of varying sizes is successfully prepared by a non-consuming vacuum arc melting method.In order to study the irradiation evolution of helium bubbles in the FeCoNiCrbased HE As with γ' precipitates,these samples are irradiated by 100-keV helium ions with a fluence of 5 × 10^(20) ions/m^(2) at 293 K and 673 K,respectively.And the samples irradiated at room temperature are annealed at different temperatures to examine the diffusion behavior of helium bubbles.Transmission electron microscope(TEM) is employed to characterize the structural morphology of precipitated nanoparticles and the evolution of helium bubbles.Experimental results reveal that nanosized,spherical,dispersed,coherent,and ordered L1_(2)-type Ni_(3)Ti γ' precipitations are introduced into FeCoNiCr(Ni_(3)Ti)_(0.1) HEAs by means of ageing treatments at temperatures between 1073 K and 1123 K.Under the ageing treatment conditions adopted in this work,γ' nanoparticles are precipitated in FeCoNiCr(Ni_(3)Ti)_(0.1) HE As,with average diameters of 15.80 nm,37.09 nm,and 62.50 nm,respectively.The average sizes of helium bubbles observed in samples after 673-K irradiation are 1.46 nm,1.65 nm,and 1.58 nm,respectively.The improvement in the irradiation resistance of FeCoNiCr(Ni_(3)Ti)_(0.1) HEAs is evidenced by the diminution in bubbles size.Furthermore,the FeCoNiCr(Ni_(3)Ti)_(0.1) HEAs containing γ' precipitates of 15.8 nm exhibits the minimum size and density of helium bubbles,which can be ascribed to the considerable helium trapping effects of heterogeneous coherent phase boundaries.Subsequently,annealing experiments conducted after 293-K irradiation indicate that HEAs containing precipitated phases exhibits smaller apparent activation energy(E_(a)) for helium bubbles,resulting in larger helium bubble size.This study provides guidance for improving the irradiation resistance of L1_(2)-strengthened high-entropy alloy.展开更多
In a multi-bubble system, the bubble behavior is modulated by the primary acoustic field and the secondary acoustic field. To explore the translational motion of bubbles in cavitation liquids containing high-concentra...In a multi-bubble system, the bubble behavior is modulated by the primary acoustic field and the secondary acoustic field. To explore the translational motion of bubbles in cavitation liquids containing high-concentration cavitation nuclei,evolutions of bubbles are recorded by a high-speed camera, and translational trajectories of several representative bubbles are traced. It is found that translational motion of bubbles is always accompanied by the fragmentation and coalescence of bubbles, and for bubbles smaller than 10 μm, the possibility of bubble coalescence is enhanced when the spacing of bubbles is less than 30 μm. The measured signals and their spectra show the presence of strong negative pressure, broadband noise,and various harmonics, which implies that multiple interactions of bubbles appear in the region of high-intensity cavitation.Due to the strong coupling effect, the interaction between bubbles is random. A simplified triple-bubble model is developed to explore the interaction patterns of bubbles affected by the surrounding bubbles. Patterns of bubble interaction, such as attraction, repulsion, stable spacing, and rebound of bubbles, can be predicted by the theoretical analysis, and the obtained results are in good agreement with experimental observations. Mass exchange between the liquid and bubbles as well as absorption in the cavitation nuclei also plays an important role in multi-bubble cavitation, which may account for the weakening of the radial oscillations of bubbles.展开更多
Ultrasonic cavitation involves dynamic oscillation processes induced by small bubbles in a liquid under the influence of ultrasonic waves. This study focuses on the investigation of shape and diffusion instabilities o...Ultrasonic cavitation involves dynamic oscillation processes induced by small bubbles in a liquid under the influence of ultrasonic waves. This study focuses on the investigation of shape and diffusion instabilities of two bubbles formed during cavitation. The derived equations for two non-spherical gas bubbles, based on perturbation theory and the Bernoulli equation, enable the analysis of their shape instability. Numerical simulations, utilizing the modified Keller–Miksis equation,are performed to examine the shape and diffusion instabilities. Three types of shape instabilities, namely, Rayleigh–Taylor,Rebound, and parametric instabilities, are observed. The results highlight the influence of initial radius, distance, and perturbation parameter on the shape and diffusion instabilities, as evidenced by the R_0–P_a phase diagram and the variation pattern of the equilibrium curve. This research contributes to the understanding of multiple bubble instability characteristics, which has important theoretical implications for future research in the field. Specifically, it underscores the significance of initial bubble parameters, driving pressure, and relative gas concentration in determining the shape and diffusive equilibrium instabilities of non-spherical bubbles.展开更多
Global Cancer Statistics 2022 reported the prevalence and high mortality rate of lung cancer.Notably,non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)accounts for the majority of the histologic types1.Precision therapy for lung cance...Global Cancer Statistics 2022 reported the prevalence and high mortality rate of lung cancer.Notably,non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)accounts for the majority of the histologic types1.Precision therapy for lung cancer has progressed rapidly and immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)have become a leading research topic.Indeed,ICI therapy has been shown to improve the prognosis of lung cancer patients.展开更多
BACKGROUND There are few cases of pulmonary granulomatous changes secondary to primary biliary cirrhosis(PBC).No case of granulomatous lung disease secondary to PBC misdiagnosed as lung cancer had been reported.CASE S...BACKGROUND There are few cases of pulmonary granulomatous changes secondary to primary biliary cirrhosis(PBC).No case of granulomatous lung disease secondary to PBC misdiagnosed as lung cancer had been reported.CASE SUMMARY A middle-aged woman presented with lung nodules and was misdiagnosed with lung cancer by positron emission tomography/computed tomography.She underwent left lobectomy,and the pathology of the nodules showed granulomatous inflammation,which was then treated with antibiotics.However,a new nodule appeared.Further investigation with lung biopsy and liver serology led to the diagnosis of PBC,and chest computed tomography indicated significant reduction in the pulmonary nodule by treatment with methylprednisolone and ursodeoxycholic acid.CONCLUSION Diagnosis of pulmonary nodules requires integrating various clinical data to avoid unnecessary pulmonary lobectomy.展开更多
This research paper aims to draw a relationship between lung cancer and climate change. With the rise of climate change in the last few decades, many organizations and people are concerned about the future of the worl...This research paper aims to draw a relationship between lung cancer and climate change. With the rise of climate change in the last few decades, many organizations and people are concerned about the future of the world. Climate change has many side effects, such as air pollution, which can increase the incidence and death rates of lung and bronchus cancer. This paper aims to draw the relationship between climate change factors and lung cancer incidence and mortality rates. The main finding of this analysis was that there is a positive relationship between lung cancer incidence, death rates, and climate change indicators. The findings from this study have the potential to inform targeted public health interventions and policies, emphasizing the need for proactive strategies in mitigating the health impacts of a changing climate. Section 2 of this paper is a literature review and focuses on the findings of other scholars in this field. Section 3 of this paper is Methods and Processes and will highlight the steps used to create the program and get the results. Section 4 of this paper is Results and Analysis, and will go over the results produced by the machine learning algorithm, and will present graphs and visualizations regarding the relationship of the dependent and independent variables. The final section, Section 5, is Limitations and Conclusion, in which we will discuss possible limitations to both my dataset and my model, and will conclude the paper by presenting a big-picture view of these problems in our society.展开更多
Lung cancer is a leading cause of global mortality rates.Early detection of pulmonary tumors can significantly enhance the survival rate of patients.Recently,various Computer-Aided Diagnostic(CAD)methods have been dev...Lung cancer is a leading cause of global mortality rates.Early detection of pulmonary tumors can significantly enhance the survival rate of patients.Recently,various Computer-Aided Diagnostic(CAD)methods have been developed to enhance the detection of pulmonary nodules with high accuracy.Nevertheless,the existing method-ologies cannot obtain a high level of specificity and sensitivity.The present study introduces a novel model for Lung Cancer Segmentation and Classification(LCSC),which incorporates two improved architectures,namely the improved U-Net architecture and the improved AlexNet architecture.The LCSC model comprises two distinct stages.The first stage involves the utilization of an improved U-Net architecture to segment candidate nodules extracted from the lung lobes.Subsequently,an improved AlexNet architecture is employed to classify lung cancer.During the first stage,the proposed model demonstrates a dice accuracy of 0.855,a precision of 0.933,and a recall of 0.789 for the segmentation of candidate nodules.The suggested improved AlexNet architecture attains 97.06%accuracy,a true positive rate of 96.36%,a true negative rate of 97.77%,a positive predictive value of 97.74%,and a negative predictive value of 96.41%for classifying pulmonary cancer as either benign or malignant.The proposed LCSC model is tested and evaluated employing the publically available dataset furnished by the Lung Image Database Consortium and Image Database Resource Initiative(LIDC-IDRI).This proposed technique exhibits remarkable performance compared to the existing methods by using various evaluation parameters.展开更多
Following the publication,concerns have been raised about a number of figures in this article.The western blots in this article were presented with atypical,unusually shaped and possibly anomalous protein bands in man...Following the publication,concerns have been raised about a number of figures in this article.The western blots in this article were presented with atypical,unusually shaped and possibly anomalous protein bands in many cases.The authors were contacted and invited to comment on the concerns raised and to provide the original,unmodified figures,but did not respond.The Editors-in-Chief therefore no longer have confidence in the integrity of the data in this article and decided to retract this article.展开更多
The microscopic characterization of isolated bubbles in gassy soil plays an important role in the macroscopic physical properties of sediments and is a key factor in the study of geological hazards in gas-bearing stra...The microscopic characterization of isolated bubbles in gassy soil plays an important role in the macroscopic physical properties of sediments and is a key factor in the study of geological hazards in gas-bearing strata.Based on the box-counting method and the pore fractal features in porous media,a fractal model of bubble microstructure parameters in gassy soil under different gas con-tents and vertical load conditions is established by using an industrial X-ray CT scanning system.The results show that the fractal di-mension of bubbles in the sample is correlated with the volume fraction of bubbles,and it is also restricted by the vertical load.The three-dimensional fractal dimension of the sample is about 1 larger than the average two-dimensional fractal dimension of all the slices from the same sample.The uniform porous media fractal model is used to test the equivalent diameter,and the results show that the variation of the measured pore diameter ratio is jointly restricted by the volume fraction and the vertical load.In addition,the measured self-similarity interval of the bubble area distribution is tested by the porous media fractal capillary bundle model,and the fitting curve of measured pore area ratio in a small loading range is obtained in this paper.展开更多
Dear Editor,Lung adenocarcinoma with choroidal metastasis is a common form of cancer,with breast cancer accounting for 40%-53%and lung cancer accounting for 20%-29%of primary cases with choroidal metastases[1].This ty...Dear Editor,Lung adenocarcinoma with choroidal metastasis is a common form of cancer,with breast cancer accounting for 40%-53%and lung cancer accounting for 20%-29%of primary cases with choroidal metastases[1].This type of metastatic cancer typically affects people aged 40-70y,and is more prevalent in women than men[1].Ocular symptoms,including vision loss,can be an early indication of the disease,as many tumors are asymptomatic in their early stages.Studies have shown that 40.3%of cases involve the macular region,which explains why ocular symptoms are often the first manifestation of the disease[2].When choroidal metastasis is suspected in patients without a history of cancer,a combination of diagnostic tools should be used to identify the primary source of the tumor.Choroidal tumors can serve as an indication of future lung cancer diagnosis in some patients with lung cancer[1].In this report,we present a case of bilateral lung adenocarcinoma where ocular symptoms were the first indication of the disease.展开更多
Following the publication,concerns have been raised about a number of figures in this article.The western blots in this article were presented with atypical,unusually shaped and possibly anomalous protein bands in man...Following the publication,concerns have been raised about a number of figures in this article.The western blots in this article were presented with atypical,unusually shaped and possibly anomalous protein bands in many cases.The authors were contacted and invited to comment on the concerns raised and to provide the original,unmodified figures,but did not respond.The Editors-in-Chief therefore no longer have confidence in the integrity of the data in this article and decided to retract this article.展开更多
The platinum-based chemotherapy is one of the most frequently used treatment protocols for lung adenocarcinoma(LUAD),and chemoresistance,however,usually results in treatment failure and limits its application in the c...The platinum-based chemotherapy is one of the most frequently used treatment protocols for lung adenocarcinoma(LUAD),and chemoresistance,however,usually results in treatment failure and limits its application in the clinic.It has been shown that microRNAs(miRNAs)play a significant role in tumor chemoresistance.In this study,miR-125b was identified as a specific cisplatin(DDP)-resistant gene in LUAD,as indicated by the bioinformatics analysis and the real-time quantitative PCR assay.The decreased serum level of miR-125b in LUAD patients was correlated with the poor treatment response rate and short survival time.MiR-125b decreased the A549/DDP proliferation,and the multiple drug resistance-and autophagy-related protein expression levels,which were all reversed by the inhibition of miR-125b.In addition,xenografts of human tumors in nude mice were suppressed by miR-125b,demonstrating that through autophagy regulation,miR-125b could reverse the DDP resistance in LUAD cells,both in vitro and in vivo.Further mechanistic studies indicated that miR-125b directly repressed the expression levels of RORA and its downstream BNIP3L,which in turn inhibited autophagy and reversed chemoresistance.Based on these findings,miR-125b in combination with DDP might be an effective treatment option to overcome DDP resistance in LUAD.展开更多
Objective: There is an ongoing debate about whether the management of gastroenteropancreatic(GEP)neuroendocrine carcinoma(NEC) should follow the guidelines of small-cell lung cancer(SCLC). We aim to identify the genet...Objective: There is an ongoing debate about whether the management of gastroenteropancreatic(GEP)neuroendocrine carcinoma(NEC) should follow the guidelines of small-cell lung cancer(SCLC). We aim to identify the genetic differences of GEPNEC and its counterpart.Methods: We recruited GEPNEC patients as the main cohort, with lung NEC and digestive adenocarcinomas as comparative cohorts. All patients undergone next-generation sequencing(NGS). Different gene alterations were compared and analyzed between GEPNEC and lung NEC(LNEC), GEPNEC and adenocarcinoma to yield the remarkable genes.Results: We recruited 257 patients, including 99 GEPNEC, 57 LNEC, and 101 digestive adenocarcinomas.Among the mutations, KRAS, RB1, TERT, IL7R, and CTNNB1 were found to have different gene alterations between GEPNEC and LNEC samples. Specific genes for each site were revealed: gastric NEC(TERT amplification),colorectal NEC(KRAS mutation), and bile tract NEC(ARID1A mutation). The gene disparities between small-cell NEC(SCNEC) and large-cell NEC(LCNEC) were KEAP1 and CDH1. Digestive adenocarcinoma was also compared with GEPNEC and suggested RB1, APC, and KRAS as significant genes. The TP53/RB1 mutation pattern was associated with first-line effectiveness. Putative targetable genes and biomarkers in GEPNEC were identified in22.2% of the patients, and they had longer progression-free survival(PFS) upon targetable treatment [12.5 months vs. 3.0 months, HR=0.40(0.21-0.75), P=0.006].Conclusions: This work demonstrated striking gene distinctions in GEPNEC compared with LNEC and adenocarcinoma and their clinical utility.展开更多
Objective:Neutrophils are one of the most predominant infiltrating leukocytes in lung cancer tissues and are associated with lung cancer progression.How neutrophils promote lung cancer progression,however,has not been...Objective:Neutrophils are one of the most predominant infiltrating leukocytes in lung cancer tissues and are associated with lung cancer progression.How neutrophils promote lung cancer progression,however,has not been established.Methods:Kaplan–Meier plotter online analysis and tissue immunohistochemistry were used to determine the relationship between neutrophils and overall survival in lung cancer patients.The effect of neutrophils on lung cancer was determined using the Transwell migration assay,a proliferation assay,and a murine tumor model.Gene knockdown was used to determine poly ADPribose polymerase(PARP)-1 function in lung cancer-educated neutrophils.Western blot analysis and gelatin zymography were used to demonstrate the correlation between PARP-1 and matrix metallopeptidase 9(MMP-9).Immunoprecipitation coupled to mass spectrometry(IP/MS)was used to identify the proteins interacting with PARP-1.Co-immunoprecipitation(Co-IP)was used to confirm that PARP-1 interacts with arachidonate 5-lipooxygenase(ALOX5).Neutrophil PARP-1 blockage by AG14361 rescued neutrophil-promoted lung cancer progression.Results:An increased number of infiltrating neutrophils was negatively associated with overall survival in lung cancer patients(P<0.001).Neutrophil activation promoted lung cancer cell invasion,migration,and proliferation in vitro,and murine lung cancer growth in vivo.Mechanistically,PARP-1 was shown to be involved in lung cancer cell-induced neutrophil activation to increase MMP-9 expression through interacting and stabilizing ALOX5 by post-translational protein modification(PARylation).Blocking PARP-1 by gene knockdown or AG14361 significantly decreased ALOX5 expression and MMP-9 production,and eliminated neutrophil-mediated lung cancer cell invasion and in vivo tumor growth.Conclusion:We identified a novel mechanism by which PARP-1 mediates lung cancer cell-induced neutrophil activation and PARylates ALOX5 to regulate MMP-9 expression,which exacerbates lung cancer progression.展开更多
Lung cancer is a malady of the lungs that gravely jeopardizes human health.Therefore,early detection and treatment are paramount for the preservation of human life.Lung computed tomography(CT)image sequences can expli...Lung cancer is a malady of the lungs that gravely jeopardizes human health.Therefore,early detection and treatment are paramount for the preservation of human life.Lung computed tomography(CT)image sequences can explicitly delineate the pathological condition of the lungs.To meet the imperative for accurate diagnosis by physicians,expeditious segmentation of the region harboring lung cancer is of utmost significance.We utilize computer-aided methods to emulate the diagnostic process in which physicians concentrate on lung cancer in a sequential manner,erect an interpretable model,and attain segmentation of lung cancer.The specific advancements can be encapsulated as follows:1)Concentration on the lung parenchyma region:Based on 16-bit CT image capturing and the luminance characteristics of lung cancer,we proffer an intercept histogram algorithm.2)Focus on the specific locus of lung malignancy:Utilizing the spatial interrelation of lung cancer,we propose a memory-based Unet architecture and incorporate skip connections.3)Data Imbalance:In accordance with the prevalent situation of an overabundance of negative samples and a paucity of positive samples,we scrutinize the existing loss function and suggest a mixed loss function.Experimental results with pre-existing publicly available datasets and assembled datasets demonstrate that the segmentation efficacy,measured as Area Overlap Measure(AOM)is superior to 0.81,which markedly ameliorates in comparison with conventional algorithms,thereby facilitating physicians in diagnosis.展开更多
文摘The present paper is inspired by the article “Ho’oleilana: An Individual Baryon Acoustic Oscillation?” published by R. B. Tully, C. Howlett, and D. Pomarède on Sep. 2023 [1]. They claim: Evidence is presented here for the discovery of a remarkably strong individual contribution to the baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) signal at z = 0.068, an entity that is given the name Ho’oleilana. K. Dawson, co-spokesperson for Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument is more inclined to believe that this latest finding is something of a coincidence, a chance alignment that simply looks like a sphere with a radius around what you’d expect for a BAO [2]. In this paper, we provide a short summary of experimental observations of Boötes Void and Superclusters;discuss the main features of the developed Hypersphere World-Universe Model;introduce notions “Cosmic Voids” and “Cosmic Bubbles”;elaborate a mathematical framework for different types of Cosmic Bubbles (Hubble Spherical Bubble for the World, Disk Bubbles for Galaxies;Spherical Bubbles for Extrasolar Systems, Dark Matter (DM) Spherical Bubbles for Galaxies and Superclusters);make a conclusion that the Boötes is a DM Cosmic Bubble and suggest experiments, which confirm our conclusion.
文摘BACKGROUND:Prolonged invasive respiratory support and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO)in patients requiring urgent lung transplantation(ULTx)present signifi cant challenges to clinical practice due to severe underlying diseases and complex conditions.The aim of the study was to report the clinical outcomes of patients who received ULTx and followed the perioperative rehabilitation protocol implemented in a lung transplant center.METHODS:A retrospective analysis was conducted in ULTx patients who required preoperative invasive mechanical ventilation(IMV)and ECMO between January 2018 and January 2023.Data were retrieved from electronic medical records at our lung transplant center.RESULTS:Fourteen patients(mean age 57.43±10.97 years;12 males,2 females)underwent ULTx with bridging ECMO and IMV.The mean body mass index was 23.94±3.33 kg/m²,and the mean Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation(APACHE)II score was 21.50±3.96.The Nutritional Risk Screening 2002(NRS 2002)scores were≥3.ULTx was performed after an 8.5-day waiting period(interquartile interval[IQR]5.0-26.5 d).Following the surgeries,the average lengths of ECMO and IMV were 1.0(IQR 1.0-2.0)d and 5.0(IQR 3.0-7.3)d,respectively.The total length of hospital stay was 60.1±30.8 d,with an average intensive care unit stay of 38.3±22.9 d and post-operative hospitalization stay of 45.8±26.1 d.Two patients died within 30 d after ULTx,with a 30-day survival rate of 85.71%.CONCLUSION:Patients receiving ULTx showed an acceptable short-term survival rate,validating the practicality and safety of the treatment protocols implemented in our center.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,[No.81600446]。
文摘Intestinal ischemia/reperfusion(II/R)is a severe clinical circumstance which is frequently apparent in situations including midgut volvulus,superior mesenteric vessels closure and hemorrhagic shock.II/R not only brings about severe intestinal local damage but also leads to remote organs injury including lung,liver etc[1].Lung injury is the most common and severe complications which manifested as pulmonary susceptibility,respiratory dysfunction,and even acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)[2].
基金Project support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12075200)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFB3706004)。
文摘A series of high-entropy alloys(HEAs) containing nanoprecipitates of varying sizes is successfully prepared by a non-consuming vacuum arc melting method.In order to study the irradiation evolution of helium bubbles in the FeCoNiCrbased HE As with γ' precipitates,these samples are irradiated by 100-keV helium ions with a fluence of 5 × 10^(20) ions/m^(2) at 293 K and 673 K,respectively.And the samples irradiated at room temperature are annealed at different temperatures to examine the diffusion behavior of helium bubbles.Transmission electron microscope(TEM) is employed to characterize the structural morphology of precipitated nanoparticles and the evolution of helium bubbles.Experimental results reveal that nanosized,spherical,dispersed,coherent,and ordered L1_(2)-type Ni_(3)Ti γ' precipitations are introduced into FeCoNiCr(Ni_(3)Ti)_(0.1) HEAs by means of ageing treatments at temperatures between 1073 K and 1123 K.Under the ageing treatment conditions adopted in this work,γ' nanoparticles are precipitated in FeCoNiCr(Ni_(3)Ti)_(0.1) HE As,with average diameters of 15.80 nm,37.09 nm,and 62.50 nm,respectively.The average sizes of helium bubbles observed in samples after 673-K irradiation are 1.46 nm,1.65 nm,and 1.58 nm,respectively.The improvement in the irradiation resistance of FeCoNiCr(Ni_(3)Ti)_(0.1) HEAs is evidenced by the diminution in bubbles size.Furthermore,the FeCoNiCr(Ni_(3)Ti)_(0.1) HEAs containing γ' precipitates of 15.8 nm exhibits the minimum size and density of helium bubbles,which can be ascribed to the considerable helium trapping effects of heterogeneous coherent phase boundaries.Subsequently,annealing experiments conducted after 293-K irradiation indicate that HEAs containing precipitated phases exhibits smaller apparent activation energy(E_(a)) for helium bubbles,resulting in larger helium bubble size.This study provides guidance for improving the irradiation resistance of L1_(2)-strengthened high-entropy alloy.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11974232 and 12374441)the Fund from the Yulin Science and Technology Bureau,China(Grant No.CXY-2022-178).
文摘In a multi-bubble system, the bubble behavior is modulated by the primary acoustic field and the secondary acoustic field. To explore the translational motion of bubbles in cavitation liquids containing high-concentration cavitation nuclei,evolutions of bubbles are recorded by a high-speed camera, and translational trajectories of several representative bubbles are traced. It is found that translational motion of bubbles is always accompanied by the fragmentation and coalescence of bubbles, and for bubbles smaller than 10 μm, the possibility of bubble coalescence is enhanced when the spacing of bubbles is less than 30 μm. The measured signals and their spectra show the presence of strong negative pressure, broadband noise,and various harmonics, which implies that multiple interactions of bubbles appear in the region of high-intensity cavitation.Due to the strong coupling effect, the interaction between bubbles is random. A simplified triple-bubble model is developed to explore the interaction patterns of bubbles affected by the surrounding bubbles. Patterns of bubble interaction, such as attraction, repulsion, stable spacing, and rebound of bubbles, can be predicted by the theoretical analysis, and the obtained results are in good agreement with experimental observations. Mass exchange between the liquid and bubbles as well as absorption in the cavitation nuclei also plays an important role in multi-bubble cavitation, which may account for the weakening of the radial oscillations of bubbles.
基金Project supported by the Scientific Research Project of Higher Education in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (Grant No.NJZY23100)。
文摘Ultrasonic cavitation involves dynamic oscillation processes induced by small bubbles in a liquid under the influence of ultrasonic waves. This study focuses on the investigation of shape and diffusion instabilities of two bubbles formed during cavitation. The derived equations for two non-spherical gas bubbles, based on perturbation theory and the Bernoulli equation, enable the analysis of their shape instability. Numerical simulations, utilizing the modified Keller–Miksis equation,are performed to examine the shape and diffusion instabilities. Three types of shape instabilities, namely, Rayleigh–Taylor,Rebound, and parametric instabilities, are observed. The results highlight the influence of initial radius, distance, and perturbation parameter on the shape and diffusion instabilities, as evidenced by the R_0–P_a phase diagram and the variation pattern of the equilibrium curve. This research contributes to the understanding of multiple bubble instability characteristics, which has important theoretical implications for future research in the field. Specifically, it underscores the significance of initial bubble parameters, driving pressure, and relative gas concentration in determining the shape and diffusive equilibrium instabilities of non-spherical bubbles.
基金the Hunan Lung Cancer Clinical Medical Research Center(Grant No.2023SK4024 to LW)the Hunan Science and Technology Innovation Program(Grant No.2021SK51121 to LW)the Hunan Cancer Hospital Climb plan(Grant No.ZX2020005-5 to LW)。
文摘Global Cancer Statistics 2022 reported the prevalence and high mortality rate of lung cancer.Notably,non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)accounts for the majority of the histologic types1.Precision therapy for lung cancer has progressed rapidly and immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)have become a leading research topic.Indeed,ICI therapy has been shown to improve the prognosis of lung cancer patients.
基金The Special Health Project of the Department of Finance of Jilin Province,China,No.2020SCZT023 and No.3D5177713429.
文摘BACKGROUND There are few cases of pulmonary granulomatous changes secondary to primary biliary cirrhosis(PBC).No case of granulomatous lung disease secondary to PBC misdiagnosed as lung cancer had been reported.CASE SUMMARY A middle-aged woman presented with lung nodules and was misdiagnosed with lung cancer by positron emission tomography/computed tomography.She underwent left lobectomy,and the pathology of the nodules showed granulomatous inflammation,which was then treated with antibiotics.However,a new nodule appeared.Further investigation with lung biopsy and liver serology led to the diagnosis of PBC,and chest computed tomography indicated significant reduction in the pulmonary nodule by treatment with methylprednisolone and ursodeoxycholic acid.CONCLUSION Diagnosis of pulmonary nodules requires integrating various clinical data to avoid unnecessary pulmonary lobectomy.
文摘This research paper aims to draw a relationship between lung cancer and climate change. With the rise of climate change in the last few decades, many organizations and people are concerned about the future of the world. Climate change has many side effects, such as air pollution, which can increase the incidence and death rates of lung and bronchus cancer. This paper aims to draw the relationship between climate change factors and lung cancer incidence and mortality rates. The main finding of this analysis was that there is a positive relationship between lung cancer incidence, death rates, and climate change indicators. The findings from this study have the potential to inform targeted public health interventions and policies, emphasizing the need for proactive strategies in mitigating the health impacts of a changing climate. Section 2 of this paper is a literature review and focuses on the findings of other scholars in this field. Section 3 of this paper is Methods and Processes and will highlight the steps used to create the program and get the results. Section 4 of this paper is Results and Analysis, and will go over the results produced by the machine learning algorithm, and will present graphs and visualizations regarding the relationship of the dependent and independent variables. The final section, Section 5, is Limitations and Conclusion, in which we will discuss possible limitations to both my dataset and my model, and will conclude the paper by presenting a big-picture view of these problems in our society.
基金supported and funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research at Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University(IMSIU)(Grant Number IMSIU-RP23044).
文摘Lung cancer is a leading cause of global mortality rates.Early detection of pulmonary tumors can significantly enhance the survival rate of patients.Recently,various Computer-Aided Diagnostic(CAD)methods have been developed to enhance the detection of pulmonary nodules with high accuracy.Nevertheless,the existing method-ologies cannot obtain a high level of specificity and sensitivity.The present study introduces a novel model for Lung Cancer Segmentation and Classification(LCSC),which incorporates two improved architectures,namely the improved U-Net architecture and the improved AlexNet architecture.The LCSC model comprises two distinct stages.The first stage involves the utilization of an improved U-Net architecture to segment candidate nodules extracted from the lung lobes.Subsequently,an improved AlexNet architecture is employed to classify lung cancer.During the first stage,the proposed model demonstrates a dice accuracy of 0.855,a precision of 0.933,and a recall of 0.789 for the segmentation of candidate nodules.The suggested improved AlexNet architecture attains 97.06%accuracy,a true positive rate of 96.36%,a true negative rate of 97.77%,a positive predictive value of 97.74%,and a negative predictive value of 96.41%for classifying pulmonary cancer as either benign or malignant.The proposed LCSC model is tested and evaluated employing the publically available dataset furnished by the Lung Image Database Consortium and Image Database Resource Initiative(LIDC-IDRI).This proposed technique exhibits remarkable performance compared to the existing methods by using various evaluation parameters.
文摘Following the publication,concerns have been raised about a number of figures in this article.The western blots in this article were presented with atypical,unusually shaped and possibly anomalous protein bands in many cases.The authors were contacted and invited to comment on the concerns raised and to provide the original,unmodified figures,but did not respond.The Editors-in-Chief therefore no longer have confidence in the integrity of the data in this article and decided to retract this article.
基金supported by the Open Research Fund Program of State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering(No.sk lhse-2022-D-03)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U2006213,42277139)the Taishan Scholars Program(No.tsqn202306297).
文摘The microscopic characterization of isolated bubbles in gassy soil plays an important role in the macroscopic physical properties of sediments and is a key factor in the study of geological hazards in gas-bearing strata.Based on the box-counting method and the pore fractal features in porous media,a fractal model of bubble microstructure parameters in gassy soil under different gas con-tents and vertical load conditions is established by using an industrial X-ray CT scanning system.The results show that the fractal di-mension of bubbles in the sample is correlated with the volume fraction of bubbles,and it is also restricted by the vertical load.The three-dimensional fractal dimension of the sample is about 1 larger than the average two-dimensional fractal dimension of all the slices from the same sample.The uniform porous media fractal model is used to test the equivalent diameter,and the results show that the variation of the measured pore diameter ratio is jointly restricted by the volume fraction and the vertical load.In addition,the measured self-similarity interval of the bubble area distribution is tested by the porous media fractal capillary bundle model,and the fitting curve of measured pore area ratio in a small loading range is obtained in this paper.
文摘Dear Editor,Lung adenocarcinoma with choroidal metastasis is a common form of cancer,with breast cancer accounting for 40%-53%and lung cancer accounting for 20%-29%of primary cases with choroidal metastases[1].This type of metastatic cancer typically affects people aged 40-70y,and is more prevalent in women than men[1].Ocular symptoms,including vision loss,can be an early indication of the disease,as many tumors are asymptomatic in their early stages.Studies have shown that 40.3%of cases involve the macular region,which explains why ocular symptoms are often the first manifestation of the disease[2].When choroidal metastasis is suspected in patients without a history of cancer,a combination of diagnostic tools should be used to identify the primary source of the tumor.Choroidal tumors can serve as an indication of future lung cancer diagnosis in some patients with lung cancer[1].In this report,we present a case of bilateral lung adenocarcinoma where ocular symptoms were the first indication of the disease.
文摘Following the publication,concerns have been raised about a number of figures in this article.The western blots in this article were presented with atypical,unusually shaped and possibly anomalous protein bands in many cases.The authors were contacted and invited to comment on the concerns raised and to provide the original,unmodified figures,but did not respond.The Editors-in-Chief therefore no longer have confidence in the integrity of the data in this article and decided to retract this article.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81703001)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(No.H2021406021),Hebei Province Medical Science Research Project(Nos.20210247,20221335)Hebei Province Government-Funded Clinical Medical Outstanding Talents Project,Chengde Medical University Scientific Research Major Projects(No.KY2020005).
文摘The platinum-based chemotherapy is one of the most frequently used treatment protocols for lung adenocarcinoma(LUAD),and chemoresistance,however,usually results in treatment failure and limits its application in the clinic.It has been shown that microRNAs(miRNAs)play a significant role in tumor chemoresistance.In this study,miR-125b was identified as a specific cisplatin(DDP)-resistant gene in LUAD,as indicated by the bioinformatics analysis and the real-time quantitative PCR assay.The decreased serum level of miR-125b in LUAD patients was correlated with the poor treatment response rate and short survival time.MiR-125b decreased the A549/DDP proliferation,and the multiple drug resistance-and autophagy-related protein expression levels,which were all reversed by the inhibition of miR-125b.In addition,xenografts of human tumors in nude mice were suppressed by miR-125b,demonstrating that through autophagy regulation,miR-125b could reverse the DDP resistance in LUAD cells,both in vitro and in vivo.Further mechanistic studies indicated that miR-125b directly repressed the expression levels of RORA and its downstream BNIP3L,which in turn inhibited autophagy and reversed chemoresistance.Based on these findings,miR-125b in combination with DDP might be an effective treatment option to overcome DDP resistance in LUAD.
基金supported by the Major Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 91959205)National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 82141117)+3 种基金The Capital’s Funds for Health Improvement and Research (CFH) (No. 2022-2-1023)Beijing Xisike Clinical Oncology Research Foundation Ypierrefabre (No. 202101-0099)Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals Incubating Program (No. PX2020045)Science Foundation of Peking University Cancer Hospital (No. 2020-4)。
文摘Objective: There is an ongoing debate about whether the management of gastroenteropancreatic(GEP)neuroendocrine carcinoma(NEC) should follow the guidelines of small-cell lung cancer(SCLC). We aim to identify the genetic differences of GEPNEC and its counterpart.Methods: We recruited GEPNEC patients as the main cohort, with lung NEC and digestive adenocarcinomas as comparative cohorts. All patients undergone next-generation sequencing(NGS). Different gene alterations were compared and analyzed between GEPNEC and lung NEC(LNEC), GEPNEC and adenocarcinoma to yield the remarkable genes.Results: We recruited 257 patients, including 99 GEPNEC, 57 LNEC, and 101 digestive adenocarcinomas.Among the mutations, KRAS, RB1, TERT, IL7R, and CTNNB1 were found to have different gene alterations between GEPNEC and LNEC samples. Specific genes for each site were revealed: gastric NEC(TERT amplification),colorectal NEC(KRAS mutation), and bile tract NEC(ARID1A mutation). The gene disparities between small-cell NEC(SCNEC) and large-cell NEC(LCNEC) were KEAP1 and CDH1. Digestive adenocarcinoma was also compared with GEPNEC and suggested RB1, APC, and KRAS as significant genes. The TP53/RB1 mutation pattern was associated with first-line effectiveness. Putative targetable genes and biomarkers in GEPNEC were identified in22.2% of the patients, and they had longer progression-free survival(PFS) upon targetable treatment [12.5 months vs. 3.0 months, HR=0.40(0.21-0.75), P=0.006].Conclusions: This work demonstrated striking gene distinctions in GEPNEC compared with LNEC and adenocarcinoma and their clinical utility.
基金supported by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2018YFA0900900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.82273334,82203172,81871869,and 81400055)+3 种基金the Jiangsu Province Social Development Key Projects(Grant Nos.BE2020641 and BE2020640)the Xuzhou Medical University Excellent Talent Research Start-up Fund(Grant No.RC20552157)the Jiangsu Province Capability Improvement Project through Science,Technology and Education(Grant No.CXZX202234)funded by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2023M732970)。
文摘Objective:Neutrophils are one of the most predominant infiltrating leukocytes in lung cancer tissues and are associated with lung cancer progression.How neutrophils promote lung cancer progression,however,has not been established.Methods:Kaplan–Meier plotter online analysis and tissue immunohistochemistry were used to determine the relationship between neutrophils and overall survival in lung cancer patients.The effect of neutrophils on lung cancer was determined using the Transwell migration assay,a proliferation assay,and a murine tumor model.Gene knockdown was used to determine poly ADPribose polymerase(PARP)-1 function in lung cancer-educated neutrophils.Western blot analysis and gelatin zymography were used to demonstrate the correlation between PARP-1 and matrix metallopeptidase 9(MMP-9).Immunoprecipitation coupled to mass spectrometry(IP/MS)was used to identify the proteins interacting with PARP-1.Co-immunoprecipitation(Co-IP)was used to confirm that PARP-1 interacts with arachidonate 5-lipooxygenase(ALOX5).Neutrophil PARP-1 blockage by AG14361 rescued neutrophil-promoted lung cancer progression.Results:An increased number of infiltrating neutrophils was negatively associated with overall survival in lung cancer patients(P<0.001).Neutrophil activation promoted lung cancer cell invasion,migration,and proliferation in vitro,and murine lung cancer growth in vivo.Mechanistically,PARP-1 was shown to be involved in lung cancer cell-induced neutrophil activation to increase MMP-9 expression through interacting and stabilizing ALOX5 by post-translational protein modification(PARylation).Blocking PARP-1 by gene knockdown or AG14361 significantly decreased ALOX5 expression and MMP-9 production,and eliminated neutrophil-mediated lung cancer cell invasion and in vivo tumor growth.Conclusion:We identified a novel mechanism by which PARP-1 mediates lung cancer cell-induced neutrophil activation and PARylates ALOX5 to regulate MMP-9 expression,which exacerbates lung cancer progression.
基金This work is supported by Light of West China(No.XAB2022YN10).
文摘Lung cancer is a malady of the lungs that gravely jeopardizes human health.Therefore,early detection and treatment are paramount for the preservation of human life.Lung computed tomography(CT)image sequences can explicitly delineate the pathological condition of the lungs.To meet the imperative for accurate diagnosis by physicians,expeditious segmentation of the region harboring lung cancer is of utmost significance.We utilize computer-aided methods to emulate the diagnostic process in which physicians concentrate on lung cancer in a sequential manner,erect an interpretable model,and attain segmentation of lung cancer.The specific advancements can be encapsulated as follows:1)Concentration on the lung parenchyma region:Based on 16-bit CT image capturing and the luminance characteristics of lung cancer,we proffer an intercept histogram algorithm.2)Focus on the specific locus of lung malignancy:Utilizing the spatial interrelation of lung cancer,we propose a memory-based Unet architecture and incorporate skip connections.3)Data Imbalance:In accordance with the prevalent situation of an overabundance of negative samples and a paucity of positive samples,we scrutinize the existing loss function and suggest a mixed loss function.Experimental results with pre-existing publicly available datasets and assembled datasets demonstrate that the segmentation efficacy,measured as Area Overlap Measure(AOM)is superior to 0.81,which markedly ameliorates in comparison with conventional algorithms,thereby facilitating physicians in diagnosis.