Mixed neuroendocrine non-neuroendocrine neoplasms in gastroenteropancreatic tract

Mixed neuroendocrine non-neuroendocrine neoplasms(MiNENs)are a hetero-geneous group of malignant neoplasms that can settle in the gastroenteropan-creatic tract.They are composed of a neuroendocrine(NE)and a non-NE compo-nent in at least 30%of each tumour.The non-NE component can include different histological combinations of glandular,squamous,mucinous and sarcomatoid phenotypes,and one or both of the components can be low-or high grade malignant.Recent changes in the nomenclature of these neoplasms might lead to great deal of confusion,and the lack of specific clinical trials is the main reason why their management is difficult.The review aims to clarify the definition of MiNEN and analyze available evidence about their diagnosis and treatment options according to their location and extension through careful analysis of the available data.It would be important to reach a general consensus on their diagnosis in order to construct a classification that remains stable over time and facilitates the design of clinical trials that,due to their low incidence,will require long recruitment periods.

Progress of gastric cancer etiology:N-nitrosamides in the 1990s

INTRODUCTIONStomach carcinoma is still the leading cause of cancer deathin China and the second one in the world.Its possiblecauses include:A)chemical factors such as intragastricformation of N-nitroso compounds(NOC)and high saltintake;B)biological factors such as infection

Study on environmental etiology of high incidence areas of liver cancer in China

INTRODUCTIONChina is a country with a high incidence of liver cancer insome areas.Liver cancer has a wide distribution andthreatens human health seriously.A rough estimationshows that out of a population of 1.2×10~8 in liver

The Clinical Usefulness of ^(99m)Tc-Tetrofosmin Scintigraphy in the Diagnosis of Lung Neoplasmas and Mediastinal Lymphoid Node Involvement

In order to investigate the clinical significance of 99mTc-Tetrofosmin （TF） scintigraphy in the evaluation of lung cancer and mediastinal lymphoid node involvement, 33 patients with pulmo- nary neoplasmas were subjected to both 99mTc-TF scintigraphies and CT scans in one week before their operations or puncturations. All the images were judged visually and the emission images were analyzed with semi-quantitative methods in addition. The results of each group were compared. There was marked difference in target/non-target （T/N） ratio between the lung cancer group and the benign lesion group （P〈0.001）. Moreover, in the lung cancer group, T/N ratio in tomographies was signifi- cantly higher than that in planar images （P〈0.01）. The sensitivity and accuracy of semi-quantitative analysis in 99mTc-TF SPECT were significantly higher than those of CT in the diagnosis of pulmonary neoplasmas （P〈0.05 and P〈0.01 respectively）, so was the sensitivity of 99mTc-TF SPECT vs CT in the diagnosis of mediastinal lymphoid node metastasis （P〈0.05）. It was also found that epidermoid squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas had a higher T/N ratio than in small cell carcinomas （P〈0.05）, and 2 h washout rate （WR） of adenocarcinomas was higher than that of epidermoid squamous cell carcinomas （P〈0.05）. In conclusion, 99mTc-TF scintigraphy showed a favorable diag- nostic accuracy in appraising lung cancers and mediastinal lymph node metastases. Furthermore semi-quantitative technology can improve the accuracy, and is potential to offer some information about histological type of the cancer tissue. Therefore, 99mTc-TF scintigraphy will be a useful tool in the diagnosis and staging of lung cancer.

SIGNIFICANCE OF ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF PULMONARY NEOPLASMS

The significance of electronic microscopc examination(EM) in the diagnosis of pulmonary neoplasms was evaIuated in 40 cases of Patients with different kinds of Pulmonary neoplasms.In 27 of the 40 cases,final diagnoses were made by light microscope(LM) examination,while in the remaining 13 cases,LM faded to reach definite diagnoses which were established with the help of EM.By analyzing our data,we conclude that in the following situations,EM helps meet in the diagnosis of pulmonary neoplasm:1.diagnosis of neuroendocrinal carcinomas of the lung;2.diagnosis of some rare pulmonary neoplasm;3.documentation of the histologic origins of the matastatic pulmonary neoplasms and 4.differentiation of malignant mesothelioma with pleural metastasis of Pulmonary adenocarcinoma.

Bioinformatics Identification of ZNFs/LINC00520/miR-181d/BCL2 Axis as a Novel Network in Cisplatin-Resistant Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells

Background: Resistance to cisplatin (DDP) leads to poor prognosis in patients with Lung Adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and limits its clinical application. It has been confirmed that autophagy promotes chemoresistance and, therefore, novel strategies to reverse chemoresistance by regulating autophagy are desperately needed. Methods: The differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs), miRNAs (DEmiRNAs), and mRNAs (DEmRNAs) between A549 and A549/DDP cell lines were identified using the limma package in R, after gene expression profiles were obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. By combining Autophagy-Related Genes (ARGs) from Human Autophagy Database (HADb), the interactions lncRNA-miRNAs and the interactions miRNAs-mRNAs respectively predicted by miRcode and miRDB/Targetscan database, the autophagy-related ceRNA network was constructed. Then, extraction of ceRNA subnetwork and Cox regression analyses were performed. A prognosis-related ceRNA subnetwork was constructed, and the upstream Transcription Factors (TFs) regulating lncRNAs were predicted by the JASPAR database. Finally, the expression patterns of candidate genes were further verified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) experiments. Results: A total of 3179 DEmRNAs, 180 DEmiRNAs, and 160 DElncRNAs were identified, and 35 DEmRNAs were contained in the HADb. Based on the ceRNA hypothesis, we established a ceRNA network, including 10 autophagy-related DEmRNAs, 9 DEmiRNAs, and 14 DElncRNAs. Then, LINC00520, miR-181d, and BCL2 were identified to construct a risk score model, which was confirmed to be a well-predicting prognostic factor. Furthermore, 5 TF ZNF family members were predicted to regulate LINC00520, whereas the RT-PCR results showed that the 5 ZNFs were consistent with the bioinformatics analysis. Finally, a ZNF regulatory LINC00520/miR-181d/BCL2 ceRNA subnetwork was constructed. Conclusions: An ZNFs/LINC00520/miR-181d/BCL2 axis as a novel network in DDP-resistant LUAD has been constructed successfully, which may provide potential therapeutic targets for LUAD.

Expert Consensus on Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19 Infection in Patients with Lung Cancer

Corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19)infection has become a major public health issue affecting human health.The main goal of epidemic prevention and control at the current stage in China is to“protect people’s health and prevent severe cases”.Patients with lung cancer who receive antitumor therapy have low immunity,and the risk of severe illness and death once infected is much higher than healthy people,so they are vulnerable to COVID-19 infection.At present,less attention has been paid to the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 infection in patients with lung cancer in domestic guidelines and consensus.Based on the published data in China and abroad,we proposed recommendations and formed expert consensus on the vaccination of COVID-19,the use of neutralizing antibodies and small molecule antiviral drugs for patients with lung cancer,for physician’s reference.

Intraoperative photodynamic therapy for tracheal mass in non-small cell lung cancer:A case report

BACKGROUND Tracheal neoplasms represent less than 0.1%of all malignancies and have no established treatment guidelines.Surgical resection with reconstruction is the primary treatment.This study demonstrates successful treatment of concurrent lung and tracheal tumors using surgical excision and intraoperative photodynamic therapy(PDT),highlighting the effectiveness and safety of this approach.CASE SUMMARY A 74-year-old male with a history of smoking and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was diagnosed with tracheal squamous cell carcinoma and right lower lobe adenocarcinoma.A multidisciplinary team created a treatment plan involving tumor resection and PDT.The tracheal tumor was removed through a tracheal incision and this was followed by intraluminal PDT.The trachea was repaired and a right lower lobectomy was performed.The patient received a second PDT treatment postoperatively and was discharged 10 d after the tracheal surgery,without complications.He then underwent platinum-based chemotherapy for lymphovascular invasion of lung cancer.Three-month postoperative bronchoscopy revealed normal tracheal mucosa with a scar at the resection site and no evidence of tumor recurrence in the trachea or lung.CONCLUSION Our case of concurrent tracheal and lung cancers was successfully treated with surgical excision and intraoperative PDT which proved safe and effective in this patient.

囊腔型肺腺癌临床多特征分析及浸润性风险预测模型的构建

背景与目的囊腔型肺癌作为一种特殊类型的肺癌逐步得到人们的关注,其最常见的病理类型为腺癌。囊腔型肺腺癌的浸润性对诊疗方案的选择和预后至关重要。本研究旨在分析囊腔型肺腺癌临床多特征,探讨其浸润性的独立危险因素并建立风险预测模型。方法回顾性分析2021年1月至2022年7月于南京医科大学第一附属医院胸外科行手术治疗的129例囊腔型肺腺癌患者,根据病理结果分成浸润前组:非典型腺瘤样增生(atypical adenomatous hyperplasia,AAH)、原位腺癌(adenocarcinoma in situ,AIS)、微浸润型腺癌(minimally invasive adenocarcinoma,MIA)与浸润组:浸润性腺癌(invasive adenocarcinoma,IAC)。其中浸润前组47例,男性19例,女性28例,平均年龄(51.23±14.96)岁;浸润组82例,男性60例,女性22例,平均年龄(61.27±11.74)岁。收集两组病例多组临床特征,采用单因素分析、LASSO回归、多因素Logistic回归分析得出囊腔型肺腺癌浸润性的独立危险因素,建立浸润性风险预测模型。结果单因素分析显示年龄、性别、吸烟史、肺气肿、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(neuron-specific enolase,NSE)、囊腔数、病灶直径、囊腔直径、结节直径、实性成分直径、囊壁结节、囊壁光滑程度、囊腔形状、分叶征、短毛刺征、胸膜牵拉、血管穿行与支气管穿行在囊腔型肺腺癌浸润前组与浸润组间存在统计学差异(P<0.05)。上述变量经LASSO回归降维处理,进一步筛选出的变量包括:年龄、性别、吸烟史、NSE、囊腔数、病灶直径、囊腔直径、囊壁结节、囊壁光滑程度与分叶征,并纳入多因素Logistic回归分析,发现囊壁结节(P=0.035)与分叶征(P=0.001)是囊腔型肺腺癌浸润性的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。建立预测模型如下:P=e^x/(1+e^x),x=-7.927+1.476*囊壁结节+2.407*分叶征,曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)为0.950。结论囊壁结节及分叶征为囊腔型肺腺癌浸润性的独立危险因素,对囊腔型肺腺癌的浸润性预测具有一定的指导意义。

肺癌患者自我超越现状及影响因素分析

背景与目的肺癌患者存在不同程度的自我超越,其能够激发患者的自我意识,推动其积极面对生活中的负性事件,从而改善患者的生活质量及健康结局,但国内关于肺癌患者自我超越的研究鲜有报道,相关影响因素尚未明确。本研究旨在了解肺癌患者自我超越现状并探讨其影响因素,为临床干预决策提供理论依据。方法选取2023年9月至2024年2月在四川大学华西医院肺癌中心入院治疗的243例肺癌患者为研究对象;采用一般资料调查表、自我超越量表、Herth希望量表及社会支持评定量表进行调查,并对肺癌患者自我超越的影响因素进行分析。结果肺癌患者自我超越总均分为(44.73±8.94)分,希望水平总均分为(37.60±4.98)分,社会支持总均分为(41.31±7.27)分。肺癌患者自我超越与希望水平及社会支持均呈正相关(P<0.001,P<0.001)。学历、希望水平及社会支持是肺癌患者自我超越的影响因素(P<0.05,P<0.001,P<0.05)。结论肺癌患者的自我超越处于较低水平,受希望水平与社会支持的影响。医护人员应重视提高肺癌患者的希望水平,开展针对性心理干预,同时引导其增强社会支持感知,从而促进患者自我超越的实现。

涂片与培养方法检测痰液和肺泡灌洗液中抗酸菌诊断肺结核的管理研究

目的评价痰液和肺泡灌洗液联合抗酸菌检测的临床应用价值,为肺结核临床诊疗决策提供参考。方法以在同一周内并行痰液涂片染色查找抗酸菌和/或分枝杆菌培养检查的可疑肺结核患者为研究对象,从医院LIS系统中收集、整理2021年1月—7月的相关检测数据,分析4种检测结果的同一性与差异性。结果①在272例患者中,痰涂片、肺泡灌洗液涂片、痰培养、肺泡灌洗液培养(以下分别称为“A”“B”“C”“D”)的阳性检出率分别为14.71%(40/272)、19.49%(53/272)、25.00%(67/268)和31.90%(74/232),4种检测作为平行试验的阳性率为37.50%(102/272);②A^(+)C^(+)、A^(-)C^(+)、A^(+)C^(-)、A^(-)C^(-)、A^(-)C N(上标中的“+”“-”“N”分别代表“阳性”“阴性”“未检测”,下同)和B^(+)D^(+)、B^(-)D^(+)、B^(+)D^(-)、B^(-)D^(-)、B^(-)D^(N)结果组合分别占14.71%(40/272)、13.97%(38/272)、0、69.85%(190/272)、1.47%(4/272)和19.12%(52/272)、8.82%(24/272)、0.37%(1/272)、56.99%(155/272)、14.71%(40/272);③A^(+)B^(+)、A^(+)B^(-)、A^(-)B^(+)、A^(-)B^(-)和A^(+)D^(+)、A^(+)D^(-)、A^(+)D^(N)、A^(-)D^(+)、A^(-)D^(-)、A^(-)D^(N)、A^(N)D^(+)、A^(N)D^(-)、A^(N)D^(N)结果组合分别占14.71%(40/272)、0、4.78%(13/272)、80.51%(219/272)和19.12%(52/272)、5.51%(15/272)、4.04(11/272)、8.09%(22/272)、51.74%(140/272)、10.29%(28/272)、0.74%(2/272)、0.37%(1/272)、0.37%(1/272)。结论较通常应用痰液检测抗酸菌而言,行肺泡灌洗液抗酸菌检测可以大幅提高肺结核病原学确诊率,值得临床大力推广应用。

基于CT残差神经网络-101-金字塔网络模型鉴别肺良、恶性结节

目的 观察基于CT的残差神经网络(ResNet)-101-金字塔网络(FPN)模型鉴别肺良、恶性结节的价值。方法 回顾性分析2 000例肺结节患者共2 040个肺结节,包括良性1 150个、恶性890个;按8∶2比例将结节分为训练集(n=1 632)与测试集(n=408),前者包括良性结节881个、恶性结节751个,后者包括良性269个、恶性139个。以ResNet-101为主干网络、结合FPN基于胸部CT建立分类模型,观察其单一及联合医师评估鉴别肺良、恶性结节的效能。结果 测试集269个肺良性结节中,ResNet-101-FPN模型诊断正确214个(214/269,79.55%),联合医师评估后诊断正确230个(230/269,85.50%);139个恶性结节中,ResNet-101-FPN模型诊断正确124个(124/139,89.21%),联合医师评估后诊断正确131个(131/139,94.24%)。ResNet-101-FPN模型联合医师评估鉴别肺良、恶性结节的敏感度、准确率和精确度均高于而特异度则低于单一ResNet-101-FPN模型,但差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。结论基于CT的ResNet-101-FPN模型可鉴别肺良、恶性结节;联合医师评估可提高诊断效能。

初诊Ⅳ期肺癌患者中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值与营养不良风险的相关性分析

背景与目的 恶性肿瘤患者往往伴随营养不良,与预后密切相关。中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio,NLR)作为体内炎症的指标,能够预测多种疾病的营养不良风险,然而其与肺癌患者营养不良的关系尚不明确。本研究旨在分析NLR与初诊Ⅳ期肺癌患者营养不良风险的关系,并进一步确定NLR的截断值以更好地预测患者营养不良的风险。方法 回顾性分析2019年5月至2021年2月天津医科大学总医院肿瘤内科收治的209例初诊Ⅳ期肺癌患者,应用营养风险筛查2002 (nutritional risk screening 2002,NRS 2002)量表对其营养状况进行评估,同时收录患者人口学信息、病理、卡氏体能状态(Karnofsky performance status,KPS)评分、体重指数、合并疾病及临床生化指标的资料。分析NLR与营养不良风险的关系,并采用受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线来确定预测营养不良风险的最佳NLR临界值。应用多因素Logistic回归进一步评估NLR与营养不良风险之间的关系。结果 初诊Ⅳ期肺癌患者存在营养不良风险的比率为36.36%(76/209)。对NLR与NRS 2002营养不良风险评分进行分析发现,NLR与营养不良风险评分呈正相关(r=0.765,P<0.001)。通过ROC曲线分析,确定初诊Ⅳ期肺癌患者营养不良风险的最佳截断值NLR为3.94 [曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)=0.747,95%CI:0.678-0.815,P<0.001],敏感性为55%,特异性为86%,阳性预测值为68%,阴性预测值为77%。相比于NLR≤3.94组的患者,NLR>3.94组的患者更容易发生营养不良(69.49%vs 23.33%,P<0.001),并且NLR为初诊Ⅳ期肺癌患者营养不良风险的独立危险因素。结论 NLR在初诊Ⅳ期肺癌患者中与营养不良风险有关,NLR可作为Ⅳ期肺癌患者营养风险筛查的指标之一。

基于脑MRI的机器学习预测非小细胞肺癌T790M突变

目的:本研究基于脑部T_(1)C和T_(2)W MRI建立人工智能模型,预测肺癌脑转移患者在靶向治疗中的耐药性T790M突变。方法:本研究收集80例肺癌脑转移患者(2017年6月—2019年12月)的T_(1)C和T_(2)W MRI影像和临床数据进行回顾性分析(患者按照2∶1的比例分成训练集和测试集)。采用无监督k-means算法将肿瘤区域划分为高亮度区域和低亮度区域,提取不同区域的影像组学图像特征构建模型,评估每个模型的诊断效果。绘制受试者工作特征(Receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线,计算ROC曲线下面积(Area under curve,AUC)、特异性和敏感性作为模型评价指标,分析模型的潜在临床应用价值。结果:对T_(1)C和T_(2)W MRI和临床特征融合的统计计算表明,本研究建立的模型对T790M突变具有良好的预测能力,在训练集和测试集上的AUC分别为0.899和0.818。结论:本研究建立的计算机模型可以有效预测肺癌脑转移患者T790M突变,具有潜在的临床辅助诊断价值。

CT双能量成像参数对肺结节病变性质的鉴别价值研究

目的:研究CT双能量成像参数对肺结节病变性质的鉴别价值。方法:2021年12月一2023年1月合肥市第二人民医院收治的102例恶性肺结节患者作为恶性组,同期收治的106例良性肺结节患者作为良性组,所有患者均经病理学检查确诊,比较两组患者影像学特征及CT双能量成像参数,进行肺结节病变性质的CT双能量成像征象、参数多因素分析,采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析CT双能量成像参数对肺结节病变性质的鉴别价值。结果:恶性组强化不均匀、淋巴结增大、结节边缘毛刺/分叶、血管受累患者占比高于良性组(P<0.05)。恶性组动脉期、静脉期能谱曲线斜率及容积CT剂量指数均高于良性组(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,动脉期、静脉期能谱曲线斜率及容积CT剂量指数较高是肺结节恶性病变的危险因素(OR=1.451、1.502、1.640,P<0.05)。动脉期、静脉期能谱曲线斜率及容积CT剂量指数联合鉴别肺结节病变性质的曲线下面积(AUC)值高于三者单独检测(P<0.05)。结论:肺结节良性病变和恶性病变患者之间影像学特征、动脉期及静脉期能谱曲线斜率、容积CT剂量指数存在明显差异,且动脉期、静脉期能谱曲线斜率及容积CT剂量指数是肺结节恶性病变的危险因素,三者联合对肺结节病变性质的鉴别具有较好价值。

CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检术并发症发生的影响因素分析

背景与目的 计算机断层扫描引导下经皮肺穿刺活检术(computed tomography guided percutaneous lung biopsy,CT-PLB)是目前临床广泛应用的肺部病变诊断方式,但其为有创检查,最常见的并发症为气胸和肺出血,严重时可危及生命。本研究旨在分析影响CT-PLB不同并发症发生的独立危险因素,以降低并发症发生率。方法回顾性分析2018年5月至2019年12月于我院行CT-PLB且临床资料完整的605例患者的资料。依病变位置分为胸膜下组和非胸膜下组,根据并发症分为气胸组、肺出血组、气胸合并肺出血组及无气胸/肺出血组,计算各并发症的发生率。分析影响不同并发症发生的危险因素及各并发症的独立危险因素。结果气胸发生率为34.1%,肺出血发生率为28.1%,同时发生气胸及肺出血63例,发生率为10.8%。影响胸膜下组气胸发生的独立危险因素为病变大小(P=0.002)。影响非胸膜下组气胸发生的独立危险因素为穿刺针走行区域平扫CT值(P=0.035)、穿刺针经过肺组织长度(P=0.003)、穿刺针经过胸壁厚度(P=0.020);影响非胸膜下组肺出血发生的独立危险因素为穿刺针经过肺组织长度(P<0.001)、穿刺针走行区域△CT值(P=0.001)、病变大小(P=0.034)及患者体位(P=0.014)。影响气胸、肺出血同时发生的独立危险因素为穿刺针经过肺组织长度(P<0.001)、穿刺针走行区域△CT值(P<0.001)。结论 CT-PLB是一种安全、有效的诊断方式,对肺部占位性病变具有较高的诊断价值,选择合适的穿刺方案可减少气胸、肺出血等并发症,提高诊疗效率。

基于肺部CT生境模型预测表皮生长因子受体突变型肺腺癌脑转移

目的观察基于肺部CT生境模型预测表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)突变型肺腺癌脑转移(BM)的价值。方法回顾性分析198例EGFR突变型肺腺癌患者肺部平扫CT资料,按7∶3比例将其分为训练集(n=138)与测试集(n=60)并进一步划分BM亚组与非BM亚组。筛选训练集亚组间差异有统计学意义的变量构建逻辑回归(LR)临床模型;分别于瘤体及瘤体亚区提取特征,基于随机森林、高斯过程(GP)及支持向量机(SVM)算法构建影像组学及生境模型并筛选其中泛化能力最佳者,基于泛化能力最佳影像组学、生境模型及临床模型预测值构建LR联合模型;绘制受试者工作特征曲线,计算曲线下面积(AUC),评估各模型预测EGFR突变型肺腺癌BM的效能,以Spearman相关分析观察EGFR突变型肺腺癌Ki-67水平与生境特征的相关性。结果LR临床模型、GP影像组学模型、SVM生境模型及LR联合模型预测训练集EGFR突变型肺腺癌BM的AUC分别为0.700、0.726、0.801及0.834,在测试集分别为0.754、0.600、0.715及0.848。LR联合模型在训练集的AUC高于LR临床模型(P<0.001)、在测试集的AUC高于GP影像组学模型(P=0.010);其在训练集的效能相比GP影像组学模型及SVM生境模型均有显著正向提高[综合判别改善指数(IDI)=8.60%、8.55%,P均<0.001]。EGFR突变型肺腺癌Ki-67水平与生境图谱中的habitatmap_original_glszm_lalgle呈低度正相关(│rs│=0.201,P=0.004)。结论基于肺部CT生境模型可有效预测EGFR突变型肺腺癌BM。

肺癌多学科综合诊治现状及未来方向

尽管肺癌多学科诊疗(multidisciplinary team,MDT)模式能够提高患者的生活质量和生存预后,为何没有达到MDT诊疗模式所预期的目标呢?主要原因是肺癌MDT诊治模式相对滞后于各种治疗手段的进步。分析国内外肺癌MDT诊治最新研究成果,结合四川大学华西医院肺癌中心肺癌MDT诊治经验,本文将从以下几个方面对肺癌MDT的进展及未来发展方向进行讨论和总结:(1)肺癌MDT诊治模式的内涵和外延需要转变并适应新的诊治手段;(2)肺癌MDT诊治临床决策应当从“多学科会诊(multidisciplinary consultation,MDC)”向“MDT”转变;(3)肺癌MDT诊治过程要从“消防队模式”转向“防火墙模式”,并最终实行“个体化全程管理模式”;(4)肺癌MDT诊治路径要从“临时召集模式”向“肺癌单病种中心制模式”转变。

肺癌患者术后饮食种类与方案对其住院舒适度和康复的影响

背景与目的肺癌术后合理、规范的饮食方案与流程有助于患者快速康复。本研究旨在通过优化以中链甘油三酯(medium chain triglyceride,MCT)为主的饮食方案与流程,探讨其对肺癌患者术后康复的临床优势。方法收集2023年10月至2023年12月在四川大学华西医院肺癌中心行肺癌手术的患者共156例,其中MCT组76例和常规饮食(routine diet,RD)组80例,分析比较两组患者术后临床症状、生化指标、术后住院时间及费用、膳食满意度与住院舒适度等指标的差异。结果术后肛门排气时间MCT组为24.00(9.75,36.97)h,显著短于RD组的28.50(24.00,48.00)h(P<0.001);MCT组头晕和恶心呕吐发生率分别为18.42%和6.58%,显著低于RD组的51.25%和31.25%(P<0.001,P<0.001);MCT组住院舒适度评分为(16.74±1.70)分,显著高于RD组的(14.83±2.34)分(P=0.016);MCT组平均住院费用为(39,701.82±8105.47)￥,显著低于RD组的(44,511.79±9593.19)￥(P=0.007)。结论肺癌患者术后以MCT为主的饮食方案与流程优化有助于促进患者胃肠功能的恢复,提高住院舒适度并加速术后康复。

原发性气管支气管腺样囊性癌的研究进展

原发性气管支气管腺样囊性癌(primary tracheobronchial adenoid cystic carcinoma, TACC)是一种罕见的非小细胞肺癌,仅占所有肺恶性肿瘤的0.1%~0.2%。按照2021版世界卫生组织(world health organization, WHO)肺肿瘤组织学分类,该肿瘤属于唾液腺型肿瘤。该疾病临床表现及影像学无特异性,易被延误诊治,确诊需病理,分期尚无公认标准,治疗首选手术,术后或不能手术者可行放疗,单纯全身治疗(化疗、靶向、免疫)效果差。该文对TACC从命名和组织学分类、临床特征、影像学、病理、分期、治疗和预后共七个方面进行了综述。