The effects of atropine, diazepam and pralidoxime were studied for their ability to block the pathological lesions induced by sarin. Rats were exposed to an aerosol of sarin at a concentration of 51.2mg-m for 15 min f...The effects of atropine, diazepam and pralidoxime were studied for their ability to block the pathological lesions induced by sarin. Rats were exposed to an aerosol of sarin at a concentration of 51.2mg-m for 15 min following the pretreatment with one of the following combinations: atropine (10 mg/kg, i.m.) and diazepam (0.5 mg/kg, i.m.); atropine and pralidoxime (25 mg/kg, i.m.); diazepam and pralidoxime; atropine, diazepam and pralidoxime. Lung exposed to sarin aerosols revealed an increased cellular proliferation with progressive diffused interstitial thickening on the 4th day following exposure. On the 16th day, loss of alveolar space and consolidation of large areas of all lobes were observed. Sarin also caused damage to the respiratory bronchioles. All the therapy regime blocked the development of lung lesions in the descending orders: atropine, diazepam and pralidoxime, atropine and diazepam > diazepam and pralidoxime > atropine and pralidoxime. The result suggests that diazepam in combination with atropine and pralidoxime could be an effective drug combination regime for the lung lesions.展开更多
Paraquat is a broad-spectrum herbicide known to produce lung injury via oxidative stress-mediated mechanisms. Different pharmacological strategies have been explored to reduce the formation of these reactive oxygen sp...Paraquat is a broad-spectrum herbicide known to produce lung injury via oxidative stress-mediated mechanisms. Different pharmacological strategies have been explored to reduce the formation of these reactive oxygen species and/or prevent their toxic effects in the treatment of paraquat poisoning. The present study was carried out to investigate whether the antioxidant (L-tocopherol, incorporated into liposomes and delivered directly to the lungs of rats, could protect the organ against the long-term toxic effects of paraquat.Plain liposomes (composed of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, DPPC) or α-tocopherol liposomes (8 mg α-tocopherol/kg body weight) were administered intratracheally to animals 24 h prior to an intraperitoneal injection of paraquat dichloride (20 mg/kg) and rats wefe killed 0, 1, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, 19 or 24 days after paraquat treatment. Results of this study showed that lungs of animals treated with paraquat were extensively damaged,as evidenced by significant increases in lung weight and decreases in lung angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and alkaline phosphatase enzyme (AKP) activities. Moreover,paraquat treatme; resulted in a significant reduction in the number of neutrophils in the blood of rats with a concurrent increase in the pulmonary myeloperoxidase activity,suggestive of neutrophil infiltration in the lungs of treated animals. Pretreatment of rats with liposomes alone did not significantly alter the paraquat-induced changes of all parameters examined. On the other hand, pretreatment of rats with (t-tocopherol liposomes,24 h prior to paraquat challenge, attenuated paraquat-induced changes in ACE, AKP and myeloperoxidase activities but failed to prevent increases in lung weight. Thus, pretreatment of rats with liposome-associated α-tocopherol appears to protect the lung against some of the toxic effects of paraquat展开更多
目的研究葛根汤颗粒对甲型流感病毒(influenza A virus,IAV)致小鼠病毒性肺炎模型的药效评价及免疫调节作用。方法ICR小鼠,13~15 g,分为正常对照组、模型对照组,磷酸奥司他韦阳性药对照组及葛根汤颗粒高、中、低剂量组(6.6、3.3、1.7 g-...目的研究葛根汤颗粒对甲型流感病毒(influenza A virus,IAV)致小鼠病毒性肺炎模型的药效评价及免疫调节作用。方法ICR小鼠,13~15 g,分为正常对照组、模型对照组,磷酸奥司他韦阳性药对照组及葛根汤颗粒高、中、低剂量组(6.6、3.3、1.7 g-1·kg^(-1)·d^(-1)),每组10只,采用IAV(FM1株)病毒液感染建立小鼠病毒性肺炎模型,同时给予相关药物治疗。观察各组小鼠肺指数及肺指数抑制率,RT-PCR法检测肺组织核酸,ELISA法检测小鼠肺组织因子白介素-6(IL-6)、白介素-10(IL-10)、肿瘤坏死因子TNF-α;同时采用IAV(FM1株)病毒液滴鼻感染小鼠,造成死亡保护模型,观察小鼠感染后2周内的死亡情况,计算小鼠的死亡率、死亡保护率、平均存活天数和生命延长率。结果葛根汤颗粒中剂量组肺指数及肺组织病毒载量显著降低(P<0.01),肺指数抑制率为50.73%;葛根汤颗粒高、中剂量组肺组织炎性因子IL-10含量显著降低(P<0.01)、葛根汤颗粒中、低剂量组肺组织炎性因子TNF-α含量显著降低(P<0.01);葛根汤颗粒3个剂量组肺组织炎性因子IL-6含量显著降低(P<0.01);模型组小鼠死亡率90%,平均存活天数9.45 d,葛根汤颗粒3个剂量组小鼠死亡率显著降低、平均存活天数显著延长,生命延长率显著提高(P<0.01)。结论葛根汤颗粒可通过调节模型小鼠免疫炎性因子水平达到改善病毒性肺炎小鼠免疫功能的作用,同时可显著降低模型小鼠肺指数和肺组织病毒载量,从而减轻模型小鼠的肺部炎性损伤;对模型小鼠有死亡保护作用。展开更多
目的:探讨可优化性肺保护通气策略(LPVS)在中-重型创伤性颅脑损伤(TBI)患者围术期肺部等转归中的作用。方法:选取2020年2月—2021年2月德阳市人民医院收治的52例创伤性中-重型颅脑损伤患者作为研究对象,实施围术期LPVS,所有患者均采取...目的:探讨可优化性肺保护通气策略(LPVS)在中-重型创伤性颅脑损伤(TBI)患者围术期肺部等转归中的作用。方法:选取2020年2月—2021年2月德阳市人民医院收治的52例创伤性中-重型颅脑损伤患者作为研究对象,实施围术期LPVS,所有患者均采取压力调节容量控制(PRVC)通气,PRVC参数设置:Vol 6~8 mL/kg,RR 10~15 bpm,Ti∶Te=1∶2,呼气未正压(PEEP) 5 cmH_(2)O,FiO_(2) 50%,氧流量1~2 L/min,每隔120 min采取压力控制法(PCV)肺复张。记录麻醉诱导前(T0)、PRVC开始(T1)、PRVC后首次监测ICP (T2)、PRVC+PCV后关颅(T3)以及术后12 h (T4)、24 h(T5)、48 h (T6)、72 h (T7)、5 d (T8)的平均动脉压(MAP)、SPO_(2)、PetCO_(2)、ICP,测算脑灌注压(CPP);于各观察时点记录PRVC+PCV前后PaO_(2)、PaCO_(2)、记录手术时长、失血量、PRVC时长。结果:接受LPVS的患者采取PRVC,给予PCV肺复张,PaO_(2)、SpO_(2)、OI明显升高,T7、T8值改善明显高于T0、T1、T2,肺氧合功能改善。结论:可优化性LPVS拥有较好地预防肺不张、肺损伤,优化肺氧合功能,改良肺部转归,是中-重型围术期肺部非生理条件下机械通气呼吸的较理想管理方法。展开更多
文摘The effects of atropine, diazepam and pralidoxime were studied for their ability to block the pathological lesions induced by sarin. Rats were exposed to an aerosol of sarin at a concentration of 51.2mg-m for 15 min following the pretreatment with one of the following combinations: atropine (10 mg/kg, i.m.) and diazepam (0.5 mg/kg, i.m.); atropine and pralidoxime (25 mg/kg, i.m.); diazepam and pralidoxime; atropine, diazepam and pralidoxime. Lung exposed to sarin aerosols revealed an increased cellular proliferation with progressive diffused interstitial thickening on the 4th day following exposure. On the 16th day, loss of alveolar space and consolidation of large areas of all lobes were observed. Sarin also caused damage to the respiratory bronchioles. All the therapy regime blocked the development of lung lesions in the descending orders: atropine, diazepam and pralidoxime, atropine and diazepam > diazepam and pralidoxime > atropine and pralidoxime. The result suggests that diazepam in combination with atropine and pralidoxime could be an effective drug combination regime for the lung lesions.
文摘Paraquat is a broad-spectrum herbicide known to produce lung injury via oxidative stress-mediated mechanisms. Different pharmacological strategies have been explored to reduce the formation of these reactive oxygen species and/or prevent their toxic effects in the treatment of paraquat poisoning. The present study was carried out to investigate whether the antioxidant (L-tocopherol, incorporated into liposomes and delivered directly to the lungs of rats, could protect the organ against the long-term toxic effects of paraquat.Plain liposomes (composed of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, DPPC) or α-tocopherol liposomes (8 mg α-tocopherol/kg body weight) were administered intratracheally to animals 24 h prior to an intraperitoneal injection of paraquat dichloride (20 mg/kg) and rats wefe killed 0, 1, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, 19 or 24 days after paraquat treatment. Results of this study showed that lungs of animals treated with paraquat were extensively damaged,as evidenced by significant increases in lung weight and decreases in lung angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and alkaline phosphatase enzyme (AKP) activities. Moreover,paraquat treatme; resulted in a significant reduction in the number of neutrophils in the blood of rats with a concurrent increase in the pulmonary myeloperoxidase activity,suggestive of neutrophil infiltration in the lungs of treated animals. Pretreatment of rats with liposomes alone did not significantly alter the paraquat-induced changes of all parameters examined. On the other hand, pretreatment of rats with (t-tocopherol liposomes,24 h prior to paraquat challenge, attenuated paraquat-induced changes in ACE, AKP and myeloperoxidase activities but failed to prevent increases in lung weight. Thus, pretreatment of rats with liposome-associated α-tocopherol appears to protect the lung against some of the toxic effects of paraquat
文摘目的:探讨可优化性肺保护通气策略(LPVS)在中-重型创伤性颅脑损伤(TBI)患者围术期肺部等转归中的作用。方法:选取2020年2月—2021年2月德阳市人民医院收治的52例创伤性中-重型颅脑损伤患者作为研究对象,实施围术期LPVS,所有患者均采取压力调节容量控制(PRVC)通气,PRVC参数设置:Vol 6~8 mL/kg,RR 10~15 bpm,Ti∶Te=1∶2,呼气未正压(PEEP) 5 cmH_(2)O,FiO_(2) 50%,氧流量1~2 L/min,每隔120 min采取压力控制法(PCV)肺复张。记录麻醉诱导前(T0)、PRVC开始(T1)、PRVC后首次监测ICP (T2)、PRVC+PCV后关颅(T3)以及术后12 h (T4)、24 h(T5)、48 h (T6)、72 h (T7)、5 d (T8)的平均动脉压(MAP)、SPO_(2)、PetCO_(2)、ICP,测算脑灌注压(CPP);于各观察时点记录PRVC+PCV前后PaO_(2)、PaCO_(2)、记录手术时长、失血量、PRVC时长。结果:接受LPVS的患者采取PRVC,给予PCV肺复张,PaO_(2)、SpO_(2)、OI明显升高,T7、T8值改善明显高于T0、T1、T2,肺氧合功能改善。结论:可优化性LPVS拥有较好地预防肺不张、肺损伤,优化肺氧合功能,改良肺部转归,是中-重型围术期肺部非生理条件下机械通气呼吸的较理想管理方法。
