Betulinic acid(BA),a penta-cyclic triterpenoid found as a ubiquitous secondary metabolite throughout the plant kingdom,has aroused tremendous interests due to its different pharmacological properties,which lead to lar...Betulinic acid(BA),a penta-cyclic triterpenoid found as a ubiquitous secondary metabolite throughout the plant kingdom,has aroused tremendous interests due to its different pharmacological properties,which lead to large market demand.However,the content of BA in plant is low for phytoextraction.Although chemical semi-synthesis or biotransformation of BA from betulin with high conversion efficiency is achieved,it still relies on phytoextraction from the bark of medicinal trees.To circumvent this issue,the biotechnological synthesis of BA in engineered yeasts has been developed.In this review,the pharmacological properties of BA are first summarized,including antitumor,anti-HIV,antiprotozoal,anti-inflammatory,apoptosis activator and anti-metabolic syndrome.Then,the traditional phytoextraction,semi-synthesis and biotechnological synthesis of BA are discussed.Particularly,current advances in its biotechnological synthesis and strategies to improve BA production are focused.Moreover,potential strategies for further promotion of BA yield,including the introduction of artificial isopentenol utilization pathway,semi-rational mutagenesis of lupeol synthase and cytochrome P450,and subcellular morphology and compartmentalization,are discussed.展开更多
The title compound, （E）-N,N′-dicyclohexyl-1-（3-（3,4-dihydroxyphenyl）acryloyl）- urea （DDA）, has been synthesized and characterized by FT-IR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy, ESI- MS, and X-ray single-crystal diffractio...The title compound, （E）-N,N′-dicyclohexyl-1-（3-（3,4-dihydroxyphenyl）acryloyl）- urea （DDA）, has been synthesized and characterized by FT-IR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy, ESI- MS, and X-ray single-crystal diffraction. Its crystallizes in monoclinic, space group C2/c with a = 20.483（12）, b = 11.153（6）, c = 21.134（12） , β = 117.098（7）, V = 4298（4） 3, Z = 8, F（000） = 1664, Dc = 1.195 Mg/m3, Mr = 386.48, μ= 0.082 mm-1, the final R = 0.0474 and wR = 0.1370 for 4853 observed reflections with I 〉 2σ（I）.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFA0901700)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20202002)the Postgraduate Research and Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(KYCX18_1789).
文摘Betulinic acid(BA),a penta-cyclic triterpenoid found as a ubiquitous secondary metabolite throughout the plant kingdom,has aroused tremendous interests due to its different pharmacological properties,which lead to large market demand.However,the content of BA in plant is low for phytoextraction.Although chemical semi-synthesis or biotransformation of BA from betulin with high conversion efficiency is achieved,it still relies on phytoextraction from the bark of medicinal trees.To circumvent this issue,the biotechnological synthesis of BA in engineered yeasts has been developed.In this review,the pharmacological properties of BA are first summarized,including antitumor,anti-HIV,antiprotozoal,anti-inflammatory,apoptosis activator and anti-metabolic syndrome.Then,the traditional phytoextraction,semi-synthesis and biotechnological synthesis of BA are discussed.Particularly,current advances in its biotechnological synthesis and strategies to improve BA production are focused.Moreover,potential strategies for further promotion of BA yield,including the introduction of artificial isopentenol utilization pathway,semi-rational mutagenesis of lupeol synthase and cytochrome P450,and subcellular morphology and compartmentalization,are discussed.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (20962002, 20662001)
文摘The title compound, （E）-N,N′-dicyclohexyl-1-（3-（3,4-dihydroxyphenyl）acryloyl）- urea （DDA）, has been synthesized and characterized by FT-IR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy, ESI- MS, and X-ray single-crystal diffraction. Its crystallizes in monoclinic, space group C2/c with a = 20.483（12）, b = 11.153（6）, c = 21.134（12） , β = 117.098（7）, V = 4298（4） 3, Z = 8, F（000） = 1664, Dc = 1.195 Mg/m3, Mr = 386.48, μ= 0.082 mm-1, the final R = 0.0474 and wR = 0.1370 for 4853 observed reflections with I 〉 2σ（I）.
