Diagnostic Utility of Interferon-Gamma Release Assay in Tuberculous Lymphadenitis

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of T-SPOT.TB for tuberculous lymphadenitis.Methods Suspected tuberculous lymphadenitis patients between September 2010 and September 2018 who had both peripheral blood T-SPOT.TB test and lymph node biopsy were retrospectively enrolled in this study.The cutoff value of T-SPOT.TB test for peripheral blood was set as 24 spot forming cell(SFC)/106 periphreral blood monocyte cell(PBMC)according to the instruction of testing kits.The gold standard for diagnosis of TBL was the combination of microbiology results,histopathology results and patient's response to anti-TB treatment.Diagnostic efficacy of T-SPOT.TB was evaluated,including sensitivity,specificity,accuracy,predictive values,and likelihood ratio.Results Among 91 patients who met the inclusion criteria,we excluded 8 cases with incomplete clinical information and 6 cases who lost to follow-up.According to the gold standard,there were 37 cases of true TBL(9 confirmed TBL and 28 probable TBL),30 cases of non-TBL,and 10 cases of clinically indeterminate diagnosis who were excluded from the final analyses.The T-SPOT.TB tests yielded 43 cases of positive response and 24 cases of negative response.The sensitivity,specificity,accuracy,positive predictive value(PPV),negative predictive value(NPV),positive likelihood ratio(PLR)and negative likelihood ratio(NLR)of peripheral blood T-SPOT.TB for diagnosing TBL were 89.2%,66.7%,79.1%,76.7%,83.3%,2.68 and 0.16,respectively.The number of SFCs of T-SPOT.TB in TBL patients[432(134-1264)/106 PBMCs]was higher than that in non-TBL patients[0(0-30)/106 PBMCs]with a significant difference(Z=-5.306,P<0.001).Conclusion T-SPOT.TB is a rapid and simple diagnostic test for TBL with a high sensitivity and negative predictive value.

Postoperative reactive lymphadenitis: A potential cause of false-positive FDG PET/CT

A wide variety of surgical related uptake has been reported on F18-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography(FDG PET/CT) scan, most of which can be differentiated from neoplastic process based on the pattern of FDG uptake and/or anatomic appearance on the integrated CT in image interpretation. A more potential problem we may be aware is postoperative reactive lymphadenitis, which may mimic regional nodal metastases on FDG PET/CT. This review presents five case examples demonstrating that postoperative reactive lymphadenitis could be a false-positive source for regional nodal metastasis on FDG PET/CT. Surgical oncologists and radiologists should be aware of reactive lymphadenitis in interpreting postoperative restaging FDG PET/CT scan when FDG avid lymphadenopathy is only seen in the lymphatic draining location from surgical site.

IgG4-related autoimmune pancreatitis overlapping with Mikulicz's disease and lymphadenitis:A case report

Autoimmune pancreatitis(AIP)is a form of chronic pancreatitis that is categorized as type 1 or type 2according to the clinical profile.Type 1 AIP,which predominantly presents in a few Asian countries,is a hyper-IgG4-related disease.We report a case of IgG4-related AIP overlapping with Mikulicz’s disease and lymphadenitis,which is rare and seldom reported in literature.A 63-year male from Northeast China was admitted for abdominal distension lasting for one year.He presented symmetric swelling of the parotid and submandibular glands with slight dysfunction of salivary secretion for 6 mo.He had a 2-year history of bilateral submandibular lymphadenopathy without pain.He underwent surgical excision of the right submandibular lymph node one year prior to admission.He denied any history of alcohol,tobacco,or illicit drug use.Serological examination revealed high fasting blood sugar level(8.8 mmol/L)and high level of IgG4(15.2 g/L).Anti-SSA or anti-SSB were negative.Computed tomography of the abdomen showed a diffusely enlarged pancreas with loss of lobulation.Immunohistochemical stain for IgG4 demonstrated diffuse infiltration of IgG4-positive plasma cells in labial salivary gland and lymph node biopsy specimens.The patient received a dose of 30 mg/d of prednisone for three weeks.At this three-week follow-up,the patient reported no discomfort and his swollen salivary glands,neck lymph node and pancreas had returned to normal size.The patient received a maintenance dose of 10mg/d of prednisone for 6 mo,after which his illness had not recurred.

Mediastinal tuberculous lymphadenitis presenting as an esophageal intramural tumor: A very rare but important cause for dysphagia

Dysphagia associated with esophageal mechanical obstruction is usually related to malignant esophageal diseases. Benign lesions are rarely a cause for this type of dysphagia, and usually occur either as an intramural tumor or as an extrinsic compression. Mediastinal tuberculous lymphadenitis is rare in adults, and even more rarely causes dysphagia. We report two cases of dysphagia in adult patients caused by mediastinal tuberculous lymphadenitis, presenting radiologicaUy and endoscopically as an esophageal submucosal tumor. Based on the clinical and imaging diagnosis, the patients underwent a right thoracotomy, and excision of the mass attached to and compressing the esophagus. Pathological examination of the specimens showed a chronic granulomatous inflammation with caseous necrosis, which was consistent with tuberculous lymphadenitis.

Tuberculous lymphadenitis as a cause of obstructive jaundice:A case report and literature review

Obstructive jaundice secondary to tuberculosis (TB) is extremely rare. It can be caused by TB enlargement of the head of the pancreas, TB lymphadenitis, TB stricture of the biliary tree, or a TB mass of the retroperitoneum. A 29-year-old man with no previous history of TB presented with abdominal pain, obstructive jaundice, malaise and weight loss. Ultrasonography (US), computer tomography (CT) scan and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) were suggestive of a stenosis of the distal common bile duct (CBD) caused by a mass in the posterior head of the pancreas. Tumor markers, CEA and CA19-9 were within normal limits. At operation, an enlarged, centrally caseous lymph node of the posterior head of the pancreas was found, causing inflammatory stenosis and a fistula with the distal CBD. The lymph node was removed and the bile duct resected and anastomosed with the Roux-en Y jejunal limb. Histology and PCR based-assay confirmed tuberculous lymphadenitis. After an uneventful postoperative recovery, the patient was treated with anti-tuberculous medication and remained well 2.5 years later. Though obstructive jaundice secondary to tuberculous lymphadenitis is rare, abdominal TB should be considered as a differential diagnosis in immunocompromised patients and in TB endemic areas. Any stenosis or fistulation into the CBD should also be taken into consideration, and biliary bypass surgery be performed to both relieve jaundice and prevent further stricture.

Cervical Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Lymphadenitis Mimicking a Thyroid Tumor and Infiltrating Deep into the Neck

Aim: Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Lymphadenitis (NML), which occurs in 1.2 per 100,000 children, is very rare. And those which emerge at the anterior cervical portion and infiltrate deep into the neck are even more rare. Generally, this disorder is uncommon existed near the thyroid gland. We report here a case of NML mimicking a thyroid tumor and infiltrating into the deep part of the anterior neck. Case: A mass at the anterior portion of her neck was found at 5 years old. It was not mobile and palpated as an irregularly surfaced hard mass whose size was 3 cm at the anterior lower portion of her neck. Ultrasonography showed an oval mass which existed near the slightly inferior part of the right lobe of the thyroid gland. Enhanced computed tomography showed a mass near the slightly inferior part of the right lobe of the thyroid gland. The mass was resected with the platysma and the right sternohyoid muscle. In the HE staining, epithelioid cell and Langhans type giant cells surrounding coagulative necrosis lesions which seemed to be caseation necrosis existed, similarly to cervical NML. Discussion: No consensus exists for the treatment of NML, but many documents advise complete excision. When the lesion cannot be completely removed, excision as far as possible and additional antibiotics are recommended. The characteristics of imaging of NML around the thyroid gland and infiltrating deep into the anterior neck and mediastinum are discussed.

Clinico-Demographic Characteristics of Tuberculous Lymphadenitis: Experience of 50 Cases in Bangladesh

Background: Clinical and demographic features are important for the tuberculous lymphadenitis patients for treatment. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to see the clinical and demographic features of tuberculous lymphadenitis patients. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was done at the Department of Pathology at Banghabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka from January 2009 to March 2011 for a period of nearly two years. All the patients, irrespective of age and sex with the clinical features, suggestive of tuberculous lymphadenitis and later on, proved to be the same histologically, were selected for the study purposively. Relevant information was recorded in a prescribed data sheet and histomorphological findings were recorded accordingly. In cases where fresh specimen was available, caseous portion of lymph node was sent for culture. Fite Faraco staining was also done on lymph node sections in all cases. Result: A total number of 50 tuberculous lymphadenitis patients were recruited for this study. Among this study population, the age of cases ranged from 12 years to 65 years with a mean age of 26.22 ± 2.52 years. Male and female ratio was 1:1.38. Besides lymphadenopathy, 45 patients had low grade fever;32 patients had weight loss and 18 patients had cough. Among 50 cases of lymph node tuberculosis cervical lymphadenopathy was 41 (82.0%) cases;6 (12.0%) cases had supraclavicular lymphadenopathy;2 (4.0%) cases had inguinal lymphadenopathy and 1 (2.0%) had axillary lymphadenopathy. The mean duration of presentation of lymphadenopathy with standard deviation was 7.06 ± 1.6 months. Thirty eight patients (76.0%) had lymphadenopathy for less than 12 months. Conclusion: In conclusion, young age group people are most commonly affected by tuberculous lymphadenitis with the predominance of female and most of them are presented with low grade fever and weight loss.

Histiocytic Necrotizing Lymphadenitis: A Clinical Study of 6 Children and Review

Objective: As a rare cause of fever and lymphadenopathy (especially in the neck) in children, the purpose of this study is to explore the clinical characteristics of histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis (HNL) in children and improve the diagnosis and treatment of this disease. Methods: We retrospectively collected the data of 6 pediatric patients with HNL diagnosed by lymph node biopsy from 2012 to 2021 in department of pediatric, the affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, including the clinical characteristics, laboratory examinations, imaging findings and histopathological examinations, treatment and follow-up of the patients and reviewed relevant literature. Results: All the patients were Han girls, with no kinship with each other, and four cases were from rural areas. The age of onset was from 7 to 14 years old, with durations ranged from 1 week to 3 months. All children had cervical lymphadenopathy with tenderness, five cases of fever, two cases of cough, one case of weight loss, four cases of leukopenia, one case of liver impairment, one case of combined bacterial infection of leukocytosis. All children underwent lymph node biopsy and were diagnosed with HNL, four children were treated with anti-infection before diagnosis, two children were treated with steroid therapy after diagnosis, and 1 case of weakened immune function was used immunoglobulin for modulating immunity. All children improved and discharged, and no recurrence was observed until October 2021. Conclusion: In our study, the children with swollen lymph nodes in the neck were accompanied by tenderness and fever as the main clinical manifestations, without specificity. Histopathology and immunohistochemical examination by removing the affected lymph nodes could confirm HNL. Most children had a good prognosis and long-term follow-up were required.

Late recurrence in surgically managed pediatric atypical mycobacterial lymphadenitis:A case report and review of the literature

Objective:The purpose of this study is to identify existing literature on recurrent atypical mycobacterial cervicofacial lymphadenitis to augment our understanding of a unique patient who presented to our tertiary‐care center 5‐years posttreatment with recurrence following curettage.Data Sources:OVID Medline,Scopus,and Web of Science.Methods:A literature search was conducted yielding 49 original articles which were screened twice by two independent reviewers resulting in 14 studies meeting inclusion criteria for data extraction using Covidence software.Two independent reviewers extracted data on recurrence of atypical mycobacterial cervicofacial lymphadenitis and consensus was reached on data points from all included studies.Results:This study illuminated the paucity of recurrence reporting in the literature regarding atypical mycobacterial lymphadenitis.Sixteen studies identified in our review included discussions on recurrence with few elaborating beyond the rate of recurrence to describe their management.Fourteen out of sixteen studies provided recurrence rates for their cohort,11 out of 14 specified the initial treatment modality,and only five out of eight studies that described initial treatment with surgery differentiated recurrence rates between complete and incomplete excision.The mean length of follow‐up in the included studies was 20 months.There was one previously reported case of late recurrence at 5‐years.Conclusions:We identified few reports that discussed the management of recurrence of atypical mycobacterial cervicofacial lymphadenitis.There was minimal data on recurrence rates between surgical treatment modalities.The case discussed in our study showcases that treatment with curettage has the potential to present with late recurrence.

Deepgoing study on intrathoracic tuberculous lymphadenitis in adults using multidetector CT

Background Studies on intrathoracic tuberculous lymphadenitis in adults are confined to the preliminary CT findings with ordinary CT and ordinary spiral CT. There has been no deepgoing study of multidetector CT to date. Multidetector CT could contribute to better imaging of intrathoracic tuberculous lymphadenitis in adults. The purpose of this study was to explore the multidetector CT features of intrathoracic tuberculous lymphadenitis in adults, and the correlation with clinical symptoms and pathologic changes. Methods Multidetector CT findings from 42 consecutive adult patients with intrathoracic tuberculous lymphadenitis were analyzed retrospectively with regard to locations, sizes, numbers, shapes, margins, and densities reviewing precontrast and enhanced images. CT results were correlated with clinical symptoms and pathologic results （n=37）. Results One hundred and eighty-five intrathoracic lymph nodes that had tuberculous lymphadenitis in 42 patients were distributed mainly in regions 4R （n=37）, 2R （n=33）, 7 （n=31） and 10R （n=21）, more than 2 regions were implicated in 34 patients. One hundred and twenty-two （72.2%） of the tuberculous lymphadenitis without confluence were oval or round with clear margins. On precontrast scanning, 78.4% of tuberculous lymphadenitis had a homogeneous density. Seven enhancement patterns were demonstrated in 169 tuberculous lymphadenitis from 37 patients with pathologic results： homogeneous enhancement with no clinical symptom （n=12）, corresponded pathologically to tuberculous hyperplasia without caseous necrosis; heterogeneous enhancement with a small central no enhancement area, slight clinical symptoms （n=22）, tuberculous granulomas with a little caseous necroses; peripheral irregular thick wall enhancement with a central area with no enhancement, slight clinical symptoms （n=52）, tuberculous granulomas with some caseous necroses in the center; peripheral thin rim enhancement with a central area having no enhancement, moderate clinical symptoms （n=36）, a few tuberculous granulomas with a great quantity of caseous necroses in the center; peripheral irregular enhancement without central enhancement, extending outside the capsule, severe clinical symptoms （n=4）, caseous necroses ruptured from capsule; peripheral irregular rim enhancement with central separate enhancement, severe clinical symptoms （n=40）, multiple lymph nodes with liquefaction of caseous necroses were adherent and confluent, rim and separation were tuberculous granulomas; no obvious enhancement, severe clinical symptoms （n=3）. Caseous necrosis was usually associated with little tuberculous granulomas. Conclusions The main multidetector CT features of intrathoracic tuberculous lymphadenitis in adults are involvement of multiregional lymph nodes with oval or round shape and clear margins, a basically homogeneous density on precontrast scanning, multiple enhancement patterns, and they correlate closely with clinical symptoms. Multidetector CT could reveal pathological changes of intrathoracic tuberculous lymphadenitis in adults.

Role of ultrasound in the diagnosis of cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis in children

Background To describe sonographic characteristics of cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis(CTBL)in children,clinical infor-mation,and sonograms of 348 lymph nodes(LNs)from 57 children with CTBL were retrospectively analyzed in this study.Methods We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data and sonograms of 348 LNs from 31 boys and 26 girls with CTBL,who were confirmed by pathology or laboratory examination,at the Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital between June 2014 and December 2020.The age of the children ranged from 1 to 14 years(average 7.1±2.9 years).Results Night sweats,fatigue and loss of appetite were the most common clinical symptoms observed in children with CTBL.Unilateral LN involvements were common.Occasionally.CTBL was found in healthy children with no symptoms.On sonography,the hilus was absent or unclear in all LNs.The short-to-long axis(S/L)ratio was 20.5,and the edges were unclear in most LNs.Other accompanying findings included necrosis(47.4%),an echogenic thin layer(36.8%),surround-ing soft-tissue edema(38.5%)。multiple intra-nodal strong echo(28.2%),sinus(22.7%)and abscess formation(6.9%).The Doppler ultrasound showed that the majority of vascularity patterns of CTBL were capsular or peripheral(3.3%).Conclusions Ultrasound is a recommended examination method for children from different age groups with cervical lym-phadenitis.The ultrasonic signs of hilus absence,S/L ratio≥0.5,unclear edge,necrosis,echogenic thin layer,strong echoes and capsular or peripheral vascularity may aid in the diagnosis of cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis.

Disseminated cryptococcal lymphadenitis with negative latex agglutination test

We reported an unusual case of disseminated cryptococcal lymphadenitis in an immunocompetent host who presented with fever and lymphadenopathy, which were the only two symptoms and signs. Latex agglutination test of serum and cerebrospinal fluid （CSF） were negative, while lymph node biopsy showed Cryptococcus neoformans. A diagnosis of disseminated cryptococcal lymphadenitis was made. Then the patient was treated with amphotericin B for 15 days as initial therapy and itraconazole for 6 months as maintenance therapy respectively. The patient received re-examination per 6 months and was followed up for 2 years. Swollen lymph nodes diminished gradually, and no fever or other symptoms were found. Latex agglutination test of serum and CSF were negative throughout the follow-up period, and anti-HIV, syphilis and tuberculosis antibody were all negative.

肠系膜淋巴结炎中医膜原辨证的红外热成像特征研究

目的:运用红外热成像技术探讨肠系膜淋巴结炎膜原辨证的红外热成像特征。方法:收集年龄在5~18岁之间被诊断为肠系膜淋巴结炎患儿邪入膜原组30例,邪伏膜原组30例以及同期健康儿童30例为对照组,运用红外热成像技术,采集并对比不同证型患儿与健康儿前躯干、三焦、胃脘、大腹、左少腹、右少腹、肝区、神阙、气海等区域红外热图特征。结果:前躯干温度由高到低依次为邪入膜原组>邪伏膜原组>健康组,邪入膜原组躯干温度最高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。邪入膜原组,三焦皆呈热偏离,其中以下焦热偏离最多,大腹、神阙、气海为热偏离,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。邪伏膜原组,三焦皆呈凉偏离,其中以中、下两焦凉偏离最多,大腹、气海为凉偏离,右少腹为热偏离,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:小儿肠系膜淋巴结炎膜原辨证的红外热像特征描述与三焦、大腹、右少腹、神阙、气海热值关系密切。运用红外热成像技术能较为客观的为膜原辨证的肠系膜淋巴结炎患儿提供了可视化、量化诊断依据。

儿童非结核分枝杆菌腮腺淋巴结炎三例并文献复习

目的:总结并分析儿童非结核分枝杆菌腮腺淋巴结炎的临床特点、影像学特征、病理学特征、治疗及预后,以提高对儿童非结核分枝杆菌腮腺淋巴结炎的认识。方法:回顾性分析2020年12月至2023年12月在广州市胸科医院住院诊断的3例儿童非结核分枝杆菌腮腺淋巴结炎的临床资料,包括一般资料(年龄、性别、身高、体质量、卡介苗接种史、结核病接触史等)、临床表现、实验室检查、影像学检查、手术及病理结果、治疗方案及预后。以“non-tuberculous mycobacteria,children,lymphadenitis”为检索词,在PubMed数据库中进行检索,检索时间为2004—2023年,共检索到相关文献189篇,以“non-tuberculous mycobacteria,children,lymphadenitis,parotid gland”为检索词,在PubMed数据库中进行检索,仅检索到相关文献5篇;分别以“非结核分枝杆菌,儿童,淋巴结炎”和“非结核分枝杆菌,儿童,腮腺”为检索词,在万方数据库和中国知网数据库中进行检索,未检索到相关中文文献。阅读文献入选50例及本研究病例,共53例进行文献复习。结果:53例患者中,男性32例,女性21例,平均年龄为(2.71±1.52)岁。以反复颈面部肿物为主要表现,常为无痛性淋巴结肿大,病程1个月至1年,多数无发热,无明显咳嗽及其他呼吸道症状,彩色超声、CT及核磁检查提示腮腺脓肿,25例结核菌素皮肤试验阳性,10例脓液及病灶组织抗酸杆菌染色阳性,病理均提示慢性肉芽肿性炎,非结核分枝杆菌复合群核酸阳性,抗酸杆菌染色阴性,脓液及病灶组织GeneXpert MTB/RIF阴性,血γ-干扰素释放试验(IGRA)阴性。经手术联合阿奇霉素、利福平、乙胺丁醇等抗感染治疗后痊愈,未再复发。结论:当婴幼儿反复出现单侧无痛性腮腺或耳前淋巴结肿大,皮肤潮红至紫罗兰色,不伴发热、咳嗽、消瘦、盗汗等全身症状,常规抗生素治疗效果差,血IGRA阴性,无活动性肺结核病史,需警惕非结核分枝杆菌腮腺淋巴结炎,确诊后需及时手术切除联合抗感染治疗。

72例儿童组织细胞性坏死性淋巴结炎临床分析

目的探讨儿童组织细胞性坏死性淋巴结炎(histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis,HNL)的临床特征、治疗及预后。方法回顾性分析2019年1月至2023年12月山东大学附属儿童医院感染性疾病科诊治的72例HNL患儿的临床资料,分析其临床症状、实验室检查、影像学检查、病理表现、治疗及随访情况。结果72例患儿中男49例、女23例。发病年龄3~15岁,其中55例发病年龄为8~13岁,占76.4%;首次发病病程为2~60d,平均15d。所有患儿均有发热和淋巴结肿大,除1例患儿仅出现腹腔淋巴结病变外,其余患儿均有颈部淋巴结受累。少数患儿病程中出现皮疹、关节肿痛、无菌性脑膜炎等表现,1例患儿合并冠状动脉和颈静脉扩张。在疾病急性期,患儿多出现白细胞和血红蛋白降低、红细胞沉降率和乳酸脱氢酶升高。71例患儿使用糖皮质激素治疗,其中69例疗程为8~12周。初诊病例中随访时间最长的已近5年,除1例患儿进展为皮肤红斑狼疮外,没有病例复发或进展为其他免疫性疾病。结论儿童HNL好发于学龄期,总体发病率男童高于女童。HNL患儿多出现颈部淋巴结肿大,极少数仅累及深部淋巴结;也可引起血管病变。确诊后使用糖皮质激素治疗2~3个月可减少复发、阻止疾病进展。

山羊伪结核棒状杆菌噬菌体的分离鉴定

为获得有效抗山羊伪结核棒状杆菌感染的生物制剂,根据NCBI登录的伪结核棒状杆菌菌株及棒状杆菌属噬菌体序列信息分别对其时间和地理分布进行统计,并以山羊伪结核棒状杆菌为宿主菌,从陕西有山羊伪结核患病史羊场的环境污水中分离噬菌体,采用双层平板法对该噬菌体进行分离和表征鉴定。结果显示,山羊伪结核棒状杆菌病的发生呈全球性分布,其中以美国与巴西最为严重,美国也是棒状杆菌属噬菌体分离株的主要来源地;分离出的1株噬菌体命名为M2;噬菌体M2呈典型的20面体结构,最佳感染复数为0.1,潜伏期为20 min,裂解周期为60 min,平均裂解量约为690 PFU/cell,表明获得了1株对伪结核棒状杆菌具有裂解作用的噬菌体。研究结果可为山羊伪结核棒状杆菌感染防控提供流行病学数据参考,并可为山羊伪结核棒状杆菌感染的临床治疗提供潜在新方法。

柴元方治疗儿童气滞血瘀型肠系膜淋巴结炎的临床研究

目的探究柴元方治疗儿童气滞血瘀型肠系膜淋巴结炎的临床疗效。方法选取2019年3月至2022年3月上海中医药大学附属龙华医院儿科门诊收治的120例肠系膜淋巴结炎患儿,随机分为治疗组和对照组各60例,治疗组接受柴元方治疗,对照组接受头孢克洛治疗,2组均治疗10天,比较2组的临床疗效。结果治疗组的总有效率为91.6%,高于对照组的75.0%,两组临床疗效比较,治疗组优于对照组(P<0.05)。其中,治疗组在腹痛积分、腹部压痛积分和烦躁、夜寐、腹胀、排便的次要症状积分以及肠系膜淋巴结长、短径的改善上,均优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论柴元方治疗肠系膜淋巴结炎患儿疗效确切,可有效改善患者临床症状。

针刺公孙、四缝穴配合脏腑点穴对胃肠结热型小儿肠系膜淋巴结炎的疗效观察

目的分析针刺公孙、四缝穴配合脏腑点穴对小儿肠系膜淋巴结炎(胃肠结热型)的疗效以及对血清肠型脂肪酸结合蛋白(I-FABP)、血管活性肠肽(VIP)的影响。方法选择肠系膜淋巴结炎(胃肠结热型)患儿60例为研究对象,根据随机数字表法分为对照组(n=30,予常规治疗+针刺公孙、四缝穴)与研究组(n=30,在对照组基础上配合使用脏腑点穴)。比较2组临床疗效、主要症状与体征变化,并检测血清I-FABP、VIP表达水平。结果研究组治疗总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗2周后,2组血清I-FABP水平较治疗前降低,且研究组血清I-FABP水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗2周后,2组血清VIP水平较治疗前升高,且研究组血清VIP水平高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗2周后,研究组主要症状与体征改善程度优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论针刺公孙、四缝穴配合脏腑点穴可用于治疗胃肠结热型小儿肠系膜淋巴结炎,能够调理和改善胃肠道功能,调节血清I-FABP、VI水平,缓解患儿主要症状与体征,临床可作为一种有效的治疗方法。

成人及儿童组织坏死性淋巴结炎临床特征及治疗

目的:分析组织坏死性淋巴结炎(histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis,HNL)的临床资料,比较成人及儿童临床资料的异同,加深临床医师对该病的认识,提高诊断率,减少误诊、误治。方法:收集北京大学第一医院2010年1月至2023年8月活检病理诊断为组织坏死性淋巴结炎住院患者的临床资料,分析组织坏死性淋巴结炎的临床特征、实验室检查、病理特征、抗生素及糖皮质激素治疗及转归情况。根据年龄进行分组,比较儿童组(<16岁)和成人组(≥16岁)患者上述临床资料的差异。结果:入组的81例患者中,男42例,女39例,中位年龄为21(14,29)岁,中位病程为20.0(13.0,30.0)d,中位住院时长为13.0(10.0,15.0)d。首发症状有发热、淋巴结肿大及发热和淋巴结肿大同时起病。所有患者均有不同部位、不同大小的淋巴结肿大,96.3%(78/81)的患者伴颈部淋巴结肿大,双侧颈部淋巴结都肿大者占50.6%(41/81),锁骨上、腋窝或腹股沟淋巴结肿大者占55.6%(45/81),中位淋巴结直径为20.0(20.0,30.0)mm。仅有1例患者不伴有发热,其余80例患者均有发热,中位峰值体温为39.0(38.0,39.8)℃。伴随症状:皮疹7例(8.6%,7/81)、乏力28例(34.6%,28/81)、盗汗7例(8.6%,7/81)、畏寒寒战25例(25.3%,25/81)、肌肉酸痛11例(13.6%,11/81)、关节痛5例(6.2%,5/81)。肝脾肿大有17例(21.0%,17/81),其中脾大12例,占肝脾大的70.6%(12/17)。68.8%(55/80)的患者白细胞(white blood cells,WBC)计数下降,47.5%(38/80)淋巴细胞(lymphocyte,LY)比例升高,53.4%(39/73)超敏C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)升高,79.2%(57/72)红细胞沉降率(erythrocyte sedimentation rate,ESR)升高,22.2%(18/81)谷丙转氨酶(alanine transaminase,ALT)升高,27.2%(22/81)谷草转氨酶(aspartate transaminase,AST)升高,81.6%(62/76)乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase,LDH)升高。81例患者均进行了淋巴结活检病理检查,77.8%(63/81)的患者淋巴结活检病理组织学表现为淋巴结内结构大部分破坏或消失,16.0%(13/81)淋巴结结构尚存或存在,淋巴结结构增生、淋巴结结构正常各占1.2%(1/81),3.7%(3/81)的患者未记录淋巴结结构。67例进行了免疫组织化学染色,CD3+、CD68(KP1)+分别占97.0%(65/67),MPO+占94.0%(63/67)。51例(63.0%,51/81)患者在明确诊断后给予糖皮质激素治疗,其中糖皮质激素治疗后体温恢复正常的中位数时间为1.0(1.0,4.0)d,糖皮质激素治疗效果最好时体温可当天下降至正常。成人组和儿童组在住院时长、是否有前驱诱因、是否伴随畏寒寒战、超敏CRP升高率、是否应用抗生素、是否应用糖皮质激素治疗方面差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:临床上如出现不明原因发热、浅表淋巴结肿大及白细胞减少为临床特征的病例,且一般抗感染药物治疗无效时,应考虑组织坏死性淋巴结炎,需尽早行淋巴结活检以明确诊断,减少误诊、误治,治疗以对症治疗为主,糖皮质激素治疗疗效确切。

Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease:A comprehensive review

Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease,a rare form of necrotizing lymphadenitis,is an uncommon,benign,self-limiting disorder of obscure etiology.It affects mostly young adults of both genders.Clinically,it presents with fever and lymphadenopathy of a firm to rubbery consistency frequently involving cervical lymph nodes while weight loss,splenomegaly,leucopenia,and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate feature in severely affected patients.Cutaneous involvement occurs in about 30%-40%of cases as facial erythema and nonspecific erythematous papules,plaques,acneiform or morbilliform lesions of great histologic heterogeneity.Both Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease and systemic lupus erythematosus share an obscure and complex relationship as systemic lupus erythematosus may occasionally precede,develop subsequently,or sometimes be associated concurrently with Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease.It is often mistaken for non-Hodgkin lymphoma while lupus lymphadenitis,cat-scratch disease,Sweet’s syndrome,Still’s disease,drug eruptions,infectious mononucleosis,and viral or tubercular lymphadenitis are other common differentials.Fine needle aspiration cytology mostly has features of nonspecific reactive lymphadenitis and immunohistochemistry studies usually show variable features of uncertain diagnostic value.Since its diagnosis is exclusively from histopathology,it needs to be evaluated more carefully;an early lymph node biopsy will obviate the need for unnecessary investigations and therapeutic trials.Its treatment with systemic corticosteroids,hydroxychloroquine,or antimicrobial agents mostly remains empirical.The article reviews clinicoepidemiological,diagnostic,and management aspects of KFD from the perspective of practicing clinicians.